{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T19:40:30Z","timestamp":1790019630890,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]],"date-time":"2020-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580515200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003093","name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UPM\/700-2\/1\/LRGS\/5526400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UPM\/700-2\/1\/LRGS\/5526400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Infection and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,25]],"date-time":"2019-08-25T00:56:56Z","timestamp":1566694616000},"page":"216-220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hypocalcemia, hypochloremia, and eosinopenia as clinical predictors of leptospirosis: A retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Cheng-Yee","family":"Fish-Low","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed D.","family":"Balami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie T.L.","family":"Than","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"King-Hwa","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niazlin","family":"Mohd Taib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anim","family":"Md. Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zamberi","family":"Sekawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0005","series-title":"Infectious diseases related to travel","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0010","series-title":"Human leptospirosis: guidance for diagnosis, surveillance and control","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(68)90017-5","article-title":"Leptospirosis II: serology","volume":"62","author":"Turner","year":"1968","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0020","first-page":"DC08","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction: an important tool for early diagnosis of leptospirosis cases","volume":"10","author":"Mullan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(67)90045-4","volume":"61","author":"Turner","year":"1967","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0030","series-title":"Guidelines for the control of leptospirosis","author":"Faine","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0035","first-page":"678","article-title":"Diagnosis of leptospirosis utilizing modified Faine\u2019s criteria","volume":"52","author":"Shivakumar","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Assoc Phys India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0040","first-page":"23","article-title":"Indian guidelines for the diagnosis and management of human leptospirosis","volume":"23","author":"Shivakumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Update"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0045","series-title":"Biostatistics: a foundation for analysis in the health sciences","author":"Daniel","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.012","article-title":"A hospital-based study on seroprevalence of leptospirosis among febrile cases in northeastern Malaysia","volume":"17","author":"Rafizah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0055","first-page":"9","article-title":"Practical issues in calculating the sample size for prevalence studies","volume":"1","author":"Naing","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Orofac Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0060","series-title":"Guidelines for diagnosis management, prevention and control of leptospirosis","author":"Ministry of Health Malaysia","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7093","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007093","article-title":"Development and validation of a real-time PCR for detection of pathogenic Leptospira species in clinical materials","volume":"4","author":"Ahmed","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004513","article-title":"A diagnostic scoring model for leptospirosis in resource limited settings","volume":"10","author":"Rajapakse","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006319","article-title":"Thai-Lepto-on-admission probability (THAI-LEPTO) score as an early tool for initial diagnosis of leptospirosis: result from Thai-Lepto AKI study group","volume":"12","author":"Sukmark","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"146","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0080","article-title":"Acute renal failure of leptospirosis: nonoliguric and hypokalemic forms","volume":"55","author":"Seguro","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.54.1","article-title":"Peculiar electrolytic and hormonal abnormalities in acute renal failure due to leptospirosis","volume":"54","author":"Abdulkader","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"91","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0090","article-title":"Altered fluid, electrolyte and mineral status in tropical disease, with an emphasis on malaria and leptospirosis","volume":"4","author":"Sitprija","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0095","first-page":"184","article-title":"Nephropathy in leptospirosis","volume":"51","author":"Visith","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med Educ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160322","article-title":"Dyschloremia is a risk factor for the development of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients","volume":"11","author":"Shao","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2010.08.015","article-title":"European resuscitation council guidelines for resuscitation 2010 section 8. Cardiac arrest in special circumstances: electrolyte abnormalities, poisoning, drowning, accidental hypothermia, hyperthermia, asthma, anaphylaxis, cardiac surgery, trauma, pregna","volume":"81","author":"Soar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0110","first-page":"158","article-title":"Hypocalcemia: updates in diagnosis and management for primary care","volume":"58","author":"Fong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0115","first-page":"92","article-title":"Reversible myocardial calcification following severe leptospirosis complicated with rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury and magnesium-wasting nephropathy","volume":"4","author":"Zakout","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Cases"},{"issue":"209","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0120","article-title":"Arrhythmias in leptospirosis-associated acute kidney injury: a case series","volume":"21","author":"de Sousa Soares","year":"2017","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0125","article-title":"Calcium kinetic in a patient with acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis. A case report and review of literature","volume":"25","author":"Pakkyara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oman Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-89-6-928","article-title":"Resolution of muscle calcification in rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure","volume":"89","author":"Akmal","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1992.tb00345.x","article-title":"Canine leptospirosis: a retrospective study of 17 cases","volume":"6","author":"Rentko","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0140","first-page":"8","article-title":"Eosinopenia as a prognostic marker in patients with peritonitis","volume":"2013","author":"Jagdeesh","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Infect Dis"},{"issue":"730","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0145","article-title":"Relevance of eosinopenia as marker of sepsis in the emergency department","volume":"37","author":"Lavoignet","year":"2016","journal-title":"La Rev M\u00e9decine Interne"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179814","article-title":"Role of classic signs as diagnostic predictors for enteric fever among returned travellers: relative bradycardia and eosinopenia","volume":"12","author":"Matono","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109789","article-title":"Eosinopenia of acute infection: production of eosinopenia by chemotactic factors of acute inflammation","volume":"65","author":"Bass","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"176","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0160","article-title":"Rattus norvegicus as a model for persistent renal colonization by pathogenic Leptospira interrogans","volume":"105","author":"Athanazio","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003359","article-title":"Live imaging of bioluminescent Leptospira interrogans in mice reveals renal colonization as a stealth escape from the blood defenses and antibiotics","volume":"8","author":"Ratet","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/014746-0","article-title":"Biofilm formation by saprophytic and pathogenic leptospires","volume":"154","author":"Ristow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/16.suppl_5.73","article-title":"Leptospirosis renal disease","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20170168","article-title":"Proteinuria in early detection of human leptospirosis","volume":"5","author":"Thresiamma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021_bib0185","first-page":"430","article-title":"Rhabdomyolysis-induced acute renal failure in a patient with leptospirosis","volume":"18","author":"Droulias","year":"2007","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl"}],"container-title":["Journal of Infection and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876034119302564?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876034119302564?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T07:13:23Z","timestamp":1778829203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1876034119302564"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1876034119302564"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1876-0341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1876-0341","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hypocalcemia, hypochloremia, and eosinopenia as clinical predictors of leptospirosis: A retrospective study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}