{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:57:40Z","timestamp":1789012660387,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,4]],"date-time":"2024-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004391","name":"China Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMR-112-087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-112-087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004391","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 112-2221-E-715-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 112-2221-E-715-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004861","name":"Mackay Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MMH-109-103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MMH-109-103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004861","name":"Mackay Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MMH-112-124"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MMH-112-124"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004861","name":"Mackay Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MMH-CT-11102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MMH-CT-11102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004861","name":"Mackay Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MMH-111-92"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MMH-111-92"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004861","name":"Mackay Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MMH-112-94"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MMH-112-94"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008903","name":"Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008903","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Infection and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]],"date-time":"2024-07-14T06:32:44Z","timestamp":1720938764000},"page":"102495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Increased risk of chronic fatigue syndrome following pneumonia: A population-based Cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Han-Jen","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5757-916X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsun","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Li","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Cheng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung-Lieh","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-Pin","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Feng","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7978-778X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin-Yi","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics9030091","article-title":"Myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive review","volume":"9","author":"Cortes Rivera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-03886-1","article-title":"Presence of depression and anxiety with distinct patterns of pharmacological treatments before the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome: a population-based study in Taiwan","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbacli.2014.04.001","article-title":"Association of mitochondrial dysfunction and fatigue: a review of the literature","volume":"1","author":"Filler","year":"2014","journal-title":"BBA Clin"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132421","article-title":"The health-related quality of life for patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis \/ chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS)","volume":"10","author":"Falk Hvidberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.12688\/hrbopenres.13181.1","article-title":"Understanding the economic impact of myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome in Ireland: a qualitative study","author":"Cullinan","year":"2020","journal-title":"HRB Open Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00420","article-title":"The economic impacts of myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome in an Australian Cohort","volume":"8","author":"Close","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib7","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence: Guidelines, in Myalgic encephalomyelitis (or encephalopathy)\/chronic fatigue syndrome: diagnosis and management. 2021, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Copyright \u00a9 NICE 2021: London. (Accessed date May 4, 2024)."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02269-0","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome\/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS\/ME)","volume":"18","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2021.1924397","article-title":"Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments","volume":"53","author":"Yong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Dis (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-018-1644-y","article-title":"Chronic viral infections in myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS)","volume":"16","author":"Rasa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.8312","article-title":"Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"322","author":"Komaroff","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2021.1960483","article-title":"Lung-brain axis","volume":"48","author":"Bajinka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"7899","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04427-4","article-title":"The lung microbiome regulates brain autoimmunity","volume":"603","author":"Hosang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"Supplement_3","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S241","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa702","article-title":"The lung microbiome and pneumonia","volume":"223","author":"Pettigrew","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.10.039","article-title":"Intersections between pneumonia, lowered oxygen saturation percentage and immune activation mediate depression, anxiety, and chronic fatigue syndrome-like symptoms due to COVID-19: a nomothetic network approach","volume":"297","author":"Al-Jassas","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10215077","article-title":"The emerging role of gut microbiota in myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS): current evidence and potential therapeutic applications","volume":"10","author":"Varesi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.10.018","article-title":"Chronic fatigue syndrome\/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS\/ME) is associated with pandemic influenza infection, but not with an adjuvanted pandemic influenza vaccine","volume":"33","author":"Magnus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.08.021","article-title":"Increased serum IgA and IgM against LPS of enterobacteria in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): indication for the involvement of gram-negative enterobacteria in the etiology of CFS and for the presence of an increased gut-intestinal permeability","volume":"99","author":"Maes","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nitsche-Schmitz, D.P. and G.S. Chhatwal, Host\u2013Pathogen Interactions in Streptococcal Immune Sequelae. 2012, Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 155\u2013171. (Accessed date March 19, 2024).","DOI":"10.1007\/82_2012_296"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.3475","volume":"29","author":"Quagliata","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pept Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-021-00949-1","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of chronic fatigue syndrome and post-traumatic stress disorder after the outbreak of the COVID-19","volume":"27","author":"Simani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-021-00949-1","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of chronic fatigue syndrome and post-traumatic stress disorder after the outbreak of the COVID-19","volume":"27","author":"Simani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J NeuroVirology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1997.4412","article-title":"Epidemiology and estimated population burden of selected autoimmune diseases in the United States","volume":"84","author":"Jacobson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-017-8648-x","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in innate immunity","volume":"56","author":"Jaillon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI78082","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in autoimmunity","volume":"125","author":"Rubtsova","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib26","first-page":"162","article-title":"Sex and autoimmune disease: four mechanisms pointing at women","volume":"30","author":"Ceribelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mediterr J Rheuma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00613","article-title":"Nuclear Factor-kappaB in autoimmunity: man and mouse","volume":"9","author":"Miraghazadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1160\/TH05-05-0333","article-title":"The estrogen metabolite 17beta-dihydroequilenin counteracts interleukin-1alpha induced expression of inflammatory mediators in human endothelial cells in vitro via NF-kappaB pathway","volume":"95","author":"Demyanets","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-018-0726-5","article-title":"Sex differences in vaccine-induced humoral immunity","volume":"41","author":"Fischinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2017.03.019","article-title":"Sex-differences in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in pediatric and adult populations: systematic review and meta-analysis of 244 studies","volume":"49","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000199","article-title":"Sexual inequality in tuberculosis","volume":"6","author":"Neyrolles","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-021-04873-9","article-title":"Sex hormones, autoimmunity and gender disparity in COVID-19","volume":"41","author":"Raza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheuma Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12646","article-title":"Pneumonia, thrombosis and vascular disease","volume":"12","author":"Violi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib34","article-title":"The occurrence of hyperactivated platelets and fibrinaloid microclots in myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS)","volume":"15","author":"Nunes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharm (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib35","article-title":"The development of a consistent europe-wide approach to investigating the economic impact of myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME\/CFS): a report from the european network on ME\/CFS (EUROMENE)","volume":"8","author":"Pheby","year":"2020","journal-title":"Healthc (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2015-0026","article-title":"Review of myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome: an evidence-based approach to diagnosis and management by clinicians","volume":"30","author":"Bested","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Environ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495_bib37","unstructured":"Statistics of SARS from Taiwan CDC Available from: https:\/\/nidss.cdc.gov.tw\/nndss\/disease?id=SARS. (Accessed date May 19, 2024)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Infection and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876034124002296?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876034124002296?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T07:15:02Z","timestamp":1778829302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1876034124002296"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1876034124002296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495","relation":{},"ISSN":["1876-0341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1876-0341","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Increased risk of chronic fatigue syndrome following pneumonia: A population-based Cohort study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102495","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102495"}}