{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:52:13Z","timestamp":1786992733031,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]],"date-time":"2025-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Infection and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T20:00:25Z","timestamp":1752609625000},"page":"102900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chronic meningococcal disease: Systematic literature review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Lukas P.","family":"Schulz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9573-4006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Gatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3829-4254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregorio P.","family":"Milani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8391-5462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastiano A.G.","family":"Lava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Lavagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario G.","family":"Bianchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Bronz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Kottanattu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Camozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro B.","family":"Far\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61016-2","article-title":"Epidemic meningitis, meningococcaemia, and Neisseria meningitidis","volume":"369","author":"Stephens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.12.062","article-title":"Meningococcal disease: clinical presentation and sequelae","volume":"30 2","author":"Pace","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2013.03.001","article-title":"Severe meningococcal infection: a review of epidemiology, diagnosis, and management","volume":"29","author":"Campsall","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yapd.2020.03.007","article-title":"Meningococcal infections in children and adolescents: update and prevention","volume":"67","author":"Brady","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199404000-00019","article-title":"Neisseria meningitidis proctitis in a child after sexual abuse","volume":"13","author":"Argent","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00575-22","article-title":"Meningococcal urethritis: old and new","volume":"60","author":"Burns","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(63)90167-0","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia. Case report and review of the literature","volume":"35","author":"Benoit","year":"1963","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000243","article-title":"Impact on life expectancy of HIV-1 positive individuals of CD4+ cell count and viral load response to antiretroviral therapy","volume":"28","author":"May","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1974.02110210023003","article-title":"Skin manifestations of meningococcal infection; an immediate indicator of prognosis","volume":"127","author":"Toews","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4205","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-024-05676-3","article-title":"Transient secondary pseudo-hypoaldosteronism in infants with urinary tract infections: systematic literature review","volume":"183","author":"Betti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivy102","article-title":"Statistical primer: how to deal with missing data in scientific research?","volume":"27","author":"Papageorgiou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1177\/000992288502400905","article-title":"Nonparametric methods. Clinical applications","volume":"24","author":"Brown","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib13","unstructured":"Hoagland R.J., Bartelloni P., Cataldo J.R.. Meningococcemia: a case of prolonged fever Armed Forces Med J. 1960;11:1190-1194."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib14","first-page":"915","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia in infancy","volume":"60","author":"Day","year":"1961","journal-title":"Northwest Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196203222661209","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia. Report of a case","volume":"266","author":"Saslaw","year":"1962","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1964.03860070075005","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia. Further comments on the pathogenesis of associated skin lesions","volume":"114","author":"Ognibene","year":"1964","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib17","first-page":"631","article-title":"Kronisk meningokoksepsis hos et spaedbarn [Chronic meningococcal sepsis in an infant]","volume":"126","author":"Worm","year":"1964","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laege"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib18","first-page":"87","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia; epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"103","author":"Bloom","year":"1965","journal-title":"Calif Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib19","first-page":"1002","article-title":"Kronisk meningokokkemi [Chronic meningococcemia]","volume":"85","author":"Eng","year":"1965","journal-title":"Tidsskr Nor Laege"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1177\/000992286700600210","article-title":"Prolonged mild meningococcemia in an infant","volume":"6","author":"Ater","year":"1967","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/133.11.918","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia","volume":"133","author":"Frank","year":"1968","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1970.04000070099015","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia","volume":"102","author":"Nielsen","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1974.02110200096014","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia in childhood. Case report and review of the literature","volume":"127","author":"Leibel","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-197503000-00011","article-title":"A case of chronic meningococcemia with unusual features","volume":"269","author":"Angoff","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"1918","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib25","first-page":"957","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia","volume":"102","author":"Dineen","year":"1975","journal-title":"Va Med Mon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3109\/inf.1978.10.issue-2.03","article-title":"Benign meningococcemia in childhood. A report of five cases with clinical and diagnostic remarks","volume":"10","author":"Olc\u00e9n","year":"1978","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1980.00040020929011","article-title":"Familial late complement component (C6, C7) deficiency with chronic meningococcemia","volume":"140","author":"Clough","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib28","first-page":"976","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia","volume":"80","author":"Tillotson","year":"1980","journal-title":"N Y State J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198102000-00007","article-title":"Sporadic military meningococcal disease: a diversity of presentations","volume":"74","author":"Haburchak","year":"1981","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib30","first-page":"56","article-title":"Chronische Meningokokk\u00e4mie - Kasuistik und pathogenetische Er\u00f6rterungen [Chronic meningococcemia - case report and pathogenetic discussions]","volume":"9","author":"Horbach","year":"1981","journal-title":"Immun Infekt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib31","first-page":"21","article-title":"M\u00e9ningococc\u00e9mie chronique [Chronic meningococcemia]","volume":"2","author":"Prigogine","year":"1981","journal-title":"Rev M\u00e9D Brux"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib32","first-page":"179","article-title":"Rash resembling anaphylactoid purpura as the initial manifestation of meningococcemia","volume":"125","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1981","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-99-1-35","article-title":"Absence of the seventh component of complement in a patient with chronic meningococcemia presenting as vasculitis","volume":"99","author":"Adams","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib34","first-page":"107","article-title":"Meningococemia cr\u00f3nica asociada a bacteriemia por Clostridium perfringens [Chronic meningococcemia associated with Clostridium perfringens bacteremia]","volume":"175","author":"Oristrell Salva","year":"1984","journal-title":"Rev Clin Esp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib35","first-page":"25","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia","volume":"83","author":"Claflin","year":"1984","journal-title":"Wis Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib36","first-page":"821","article-title":"Case of chronic meningococcemia in British Columbia","volume":"132","author":"Leung","year":"1985","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib37","first-page":"453","article-title":"M\u00e9ningococc\u00e9mie chronique chez un enfant de seize mois et demi [Chronic meningococcemia in a 16 1\/2-month-old child]","volume":"32","author":"Raymond","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann P\u00e9Diatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib38","first-page":"352","article-title":"Chronische meningokokkensepsis, een vergeten ziekte [Chronic meningococcal septicemia, a forgotten disease]","volume":"129","author":"Spanjaard","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-077X(86)80314-6","article-title":"M\u00e9ningococc\u00e9mie chronique [Chronic meningococcemia","volume":"16","author":"Chennebault","year":"1986","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1986.tb00553.x","article-title":"Meningococcal meningitis with a benign skin rash","volume":"3","author":"Rubenstein","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548709117197","article-title":"Benign meningococcemia with IgG and IgM antimeningococcal antibodies measured by ELISA","volume":"19","author":"Flaegstad","year":"1987","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1987.00370020099044","article-title":"The acute arthritis-dermatitis syndrome. The changing importance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis","volume":"147","author":"Rompalo","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib43","first-page":"698","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia","volume":"51","author":"Tuso","year":"1987","journal-title":"Conn Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-077X(88)80204-X","article-title":"Neisseria meningitidis groupe C, glucose et maltose negative, agent etiologique d\u2032une meningococcemie chronique [Chronic meningococcemia due to a glucose-maltose negative strain]","volume":"18","author":"Sep Hieng","year":"1988","journal-title":"M\u00e9D Mal Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1177\/000992288902800605","article-title":"A case of indolent meningococcal infection","volume":"28","author":"Nard","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib46","first-page":"297","article-title":"La m\u00e9ningocc\u00e9mie chronique: une affection st\u00e9r\u00e9otyp\u00e9e \u00e0 ne pas m\u00e9conna\u00eetre","volume":"165","author":"Faigent","year":"1999","journal-title":"NPN Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1990.tb126200.x","article-title":"Chronic meningococcal disease","volume":"153","author":"Jennens","year":"1990","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib48","first-page":"240","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia","volume":"181","author":"Morier","year":"1990","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549009023116","article-title":"Complement and immunoglobulin studies in 15 cases of chronic meningococcemia: properdin deficiency and hypoimmunoglobulinemia","volume":"22","author":"Nielsen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib50","first-page":"354","article-title":"Krooninen meningokokkemia - harvinainen pitkittynyt infektio ja komplementin toimintah\u00e4iri\u00f6 [Chronic meningococcemia - a rare prolonged infection and disturbance in the function of complement]","volume":"107","author":"Nieminen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Duodecim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib51","first-page":"3613","article-title":"Kronisk meningokokaemi. En oversigt samt rapport om fire tilfaelde [Chronic meningococcemia. A review and a report of 4 cases]","volume":"153","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laege"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1972.03650060129024","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia. Possible pathogenic role of IgM deficiency","volume":"130","author":"Fass","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib53","first-page":"311","article-title":"Vasculitis cut\u00e1nea en el curso de una bacteriemia por meningococo del serogrupo B [Cutaneous vasculitis during bacteremia caused by Meningococcus serogroup B]","volume":"190","author":"Garc\u00eda-Patos","year":"1992","journal-title":"Rev Clin Esp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1992.04530010149016","article-title":"Cyclic fever and rash in a 66-year-old woman. Chronic meningococcemia","volume":"128","author":"Gregory","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.13-7-269","article-title":"Case 1: Chronic meningococcemia","volume":"13","author":"Sayre","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.1993.tb00094.x","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia in a child with a deficiency of the sixth component of complement","volume":"4","author":"Fasano","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1994.tb02865.x","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia in an immunocompetent girl","volume":"33","author":"Pena","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/18.5.829","article-title":"A case of chronic meningococcal meningitis","volume":"18","author":"Wynn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib59","first-page":"439","article-title":"Meningococemia cr\u00f3nica por Neisseria meningitidis del serogrupo C [Chronic meningococcemia caused by Neisseria meningitidis of serogroup C]","volume":"13","author":"Suri\u00f1ach","year":"1995","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0929-693X(96)85068-8","article-title":"M\u00e9ningococc\u00e9mie chronique et d\u00e9ficit en IgA chez un adolescent [Chronic meningococcemia and IgA deficiency in an adolescent]","volume":"3","author":"Farron","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch P\u00e9Diatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib61","first-page":"785","article-title":"Een ongewone oorzaak van koorts: chronische meningokokkemie [An unusual cause of fever: chronic meningococcemia]","volume":"140","author":"Coul","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1996.tb00729.x","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia in childhood: case report and review of the literature","volume":"13","author":"Ploysangam","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib63","first-page":"206","article-title":"Meningococemia cr\u00f3nica: una causa infrecuente de artritis migratoria [Chronic meningococcemia: a rare cause of migratory arthritis]","volume":"13","author":"Sope\u00f1a","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med Internal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1997.03890480020003","article-title":"Painful, purpuric plaques in a child with fever","volume":"133","author":"Drolet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-2977(96)00079-4","article-title":"Chronic meningococcaemia: a case report","volume":"50","author":"Kruijtzer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1997.tb00026.x","article-title":"The usefulness of skin culture in the diagnosis of chronic meningococcaemia","volume":"242","author":"Texereau","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib67","first-page":"1988","article-title":"Die chronische Meningokokk\u00e4mie - ein seltenes, aber charakteristisches Krankheitsbild [Chronic meningococcemia - a rare, but characteristic disease picture]","volume":"128","author":"Grob","year":"1998","journal-title":"Schweiz Med Woche"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-693X(98)81242-6","article-title":"M\u00e9ningococc\u00e9mie chronique: trois cas chez l\u2032enfant immunocomp\u00e9tent [Chronic meningococcemia: 3 cases in the immunocompetent child]","volume":"5","author":"Grouteau","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch P\u00e9Diatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib69","first-page":"583","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia mimicking acute rheumatic fever","volume":"57","author":"Person","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hawaii Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib70","first-page":"191","article-title":"Meningococemia cr\u00f3nica: presentaci\u00f3n de un caso cl\u00ednico y revisi\u00f3n de la literatura [Chronic meningococcal meningitis: a case report and literature review]","volume":"51","author":"L\u00f3pez V\u00edlchez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Esp Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib71","first-page":"47","article-title":"M\u00e9ningococc\u00e9mie chronique [Chronic meningococcemia]","volume":"120","author":"Kamm","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev M\u00e9D Suisse Romand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-7310(01)79141-7","article-title":"Marengo Otero R, P\u00e9rez Santos S, Lecona Echeverr\u00eda M, L\u00e1zaro Ocha\u00edta P. Meningococemia cr\u00f3nica [chronic meningococcemia","volume":"92","author":"Garc\u00eda Morr\u00e1s","year":"2001","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540310011074","article-title":"Chronic meningococcaemia","volume":"35","author":"Hansen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/50.6.372","article-title":"An uncommon presentation: chronic meningococcaemia associated with cholestatic hepatitis in a Turkish child","volume":"50","author":"Totan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-004-1203-8","article-title":"Invasive meningococcal disease presenting as Henoch-Sch\u00f6nlein purpura","volume":"23","author":"Tsolia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0151-9638(05)79282-6","article-title":"M\u00e9ningococc\u00e9mie chronique [Chronic meningococcemia]","volume":"132","author":"Carr\u00e9","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib77","first-page":"612","article-title":"Meningococcemia cr\u00f3nica en adultos: a prop\u00f3sito de un caso [Chronic meningococcemia in adults: Case report and review of the literature]","volume":"92","author":"Freuler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prensa M\u00e9D Argent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06771.x","article-title":"Chronic meningococcaemia: a forgotten meningococcal disease","volume":"153","author":"Harwood","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.47.1046","article-title":"Watanabe H. Meningococcemia without meningitis in Japan","volume":"47","author":"Horino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib80","first-page":"298","article-title":"Meningococcemia cr\u00f3nica (Chronic meningococcemia)","volume":"68","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parmentier L., Garzoni C., Antille C., Kaiser L., Ninet B., Borradori L.Value of a novel Neisseria meningitidis - specific polymerase chain reaction assay in skin biopsy specimens as a diagnostic tool in chronic meningococcemia. Arch Dermatol. 2008;144:770-3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archderm.144.6.770 (Erratum in: Arch Dermatol. 2008;144:1182).","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.144.9.1182"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61281-7","article-title":"Flu-like illness - and a rash","volume":"372","author":"Speranza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70174-4","article-title":"A cold case of meningococcal meningitis","volume":"9","author":"Wehrhahn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7103","DOI":"10.4076\/1757-1626-2-7103","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia in a 16-year-old boy: a case report","volume":"2","author":"Kern\u00e9is","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cases J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2008.09.025","article-title":"Une \u00e9ruption f\u00e9brile [Feverish skin eruption]","volume":"136","author":"Pham-Ledard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2008.08.013","article-title":"M\u00e9ningite chronique \u00e0 m\u00e9ningocoque de l\u2032adulte [Chronic meningococcal meningitis in an adult]","volume":"165","author":"Ursu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib87","first-page":"1916","article-title":"Kronisk meningokokaemi med meningitis udl\u00f8st af steriodbehandling [Chronic meningococcemia with meningitis triggered by steroid therapy]","volume":"172","author":"Molly-S\u00f8holm","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laege"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib88","first-page":"1","article-title":"Meningococcemia cr\u00f3nica por Neisseria meningitidis del serogrupo A [Chronic meningococcemia caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A]","volume":"103","author":"Guerrero V\u00e1zquez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Web Pedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2009.11.010","article-title":"Fi\u00e8vre prolong\u00e9e associ\u00e9e \u00e0 une \u00e9ruption cutan\u00e9e diffuse r\u00e9v\u00e9lant une m\u00e9ningococc\u00e9mie chronique [Recurrent fever and skin eruption revealing chronic meningococcemia]","volume":"31","author":"Roux","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev M\u00e9D Interne"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.09770.x","article-title":"Skin culture: another diagnostic tool in chronic meningococcaemia","volume":"163","author":"Shah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4322\/acr.2012.005","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia: a rare presentation of meningococcal disease: case report","volume":"2","author":"Brand\u00e3o","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autops Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis120","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia cutaneous lesions involve meningococcal perivascular invasion through the remodeling of endothelial barriers","volume":"54","author":"Dupin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib93","first-page":"235","article-title":"Meningococemia cr\u00f3nica: a prop\u00f3sito de um caso cl\u00ednico num adulto [Chronic meningococcemia: a clinical case in an adult]","volume":"26","author":"Santos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arq Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61645-7","article-title":"A pregnant woman with chronic meningococcaemia from Neisseria meningitidis with lpxL1-mutations","volume":"384","author":"Persa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.021980-0","article-title":"Chronic meningococcaemia and immunoglobulin A deficiency","volume":"59","author":"Theulin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.9350","article-title":"Corticosteroid-induced meningococcal meningitis in a patient with chronic meningococcemia","volume":"150","author":"Wenzel","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000700","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia presenting as a recurrent painful rash without fever in a teenage girl","volume":"34","author":"Bonville","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2014.11.002","article-title":"M\u00e9ningococc\u00e9mie chronique [Chronic meningococcemia","volume":"45","author":"de Boysson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib99","first-page":"A8103","article-title":"Koorts en huiduitslag door chronische meningokokkemie [Fever with a rash caused by chronic meningococcemia]","volume":"159","author":"de Jonge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib100","first-page":"97","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia","volume":"6","author":"Ferraz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13164","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia in an immunocompetent child","volume":"52","author":"Miguel-Gomez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2016.04.185","article-title":"M\u00e9ningococc\u00e9mie chronique: une pr\u00e9sentation rare et moins buyante d\u2019infection \u00e0 m\u00e9ningocoque","author":"Pichon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev M\u00e9D Interne"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2015.07.016","article-title":"M\u00e9ningococc\u00e9mie sans m\u00e9ningite: \u00e0 propos de deux observations [Meningococcemia without meningitis: a report of two cases]","volume":"37","author":"Poizeau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev M\u00e9D Interne"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcped.2016.03.011","article-title":"\u00c0 propos de deux cas de m\u00e9ningococc\u00e9mie. Revue de la litt\u00e9rature sur la m\u00e9ningococc\u00e9mie chronique [Two case reports of meningococcemia. Review of the literature on chronic meningococcemia]","volume":"23","author":"Thimmesch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch P\u00e9Diatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12943","article-title":"Chronic malaise and a persisting skin rash in an adolescent","volume":"33","author":"Van Gysel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2017-220552","article-title":"Skin eruption and long-lasting fever in a young man","volume":"2017","author":"Minet","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex219","article-title":"Chronic meningococcaemia - a medical oxymoron","volume":"56","author":"Rademacher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2018.e00416","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia presenting with recurrent painful rash and poly-arthralgia without fever","volume":"14","author":"Delwaide","year":"2018","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2019.e00502","article-title":"Chronic meningococcemia","volume":"15","author":"Prista-Le\u00e3o","year":"2019","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1586\/14737159.6.1.79","article-title":"SC. Molecular methods for the detection and characterization of Neisseria meningitidis","volume":"6","author":"Clarke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2007.130583","article-title":"Outcomes of febrile children without localising signs after pneumococcal conjugate vaccine","volume":"94","author":"Waddle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6007","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.12.6007-6014.2005","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing of Neisseria meningitidis directly from clinical samples and application of the method to the investigation of meningococcal disease case clusters","volume":"43","author":"Birtles","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.4.3.359","article-title":"Infectious diseases associated with complement deficiencies","volume":"4","author":"Figueroa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000209215.65445.04","article-title":"Complement and properidin deficiencies in meningococcal disease","volume":"25","author":"Mathew","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.12.161","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to meningococcal infection","volume":"11","author":"Dale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.08.013","article-title":"A hypothetical explanatory model for meningococcal meningitis in the African meningitis belt","volume":"14","author":"Mueller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Infection and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876034125002497?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876034125002497?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:57:49Z","timestamp":1777622269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1876034125002497"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":116,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S1876034125002497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900","relation":{},"ISSN":["1876-0341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1876-0341","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Chronic meningococcal disease: Systematic literature review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102900","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102900"}}