{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T23:19:00Z","timestamp":1783120740089,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/igo\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008627","name":"Global Affairs Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004421","name":"World Bank Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016195","name":"United Nations Development Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016195","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006641","name":"UNICEF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006641","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016285","name":"World Health Organization Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016285","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Infection and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T16:11:53Z","timestamp":1777306313000},"page":"103233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Visceral leishmaniasis & HIV co-infection in Bangladesh: Investigating prevalence and policy recommendations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Faria","family":"Hossain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashik","family":"Sharfaraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prakash","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Golam","family":"Sarwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Rasel","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2530-9982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Utba","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3746-9414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debashis","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupen","family":"Nath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shomik","family":"Maruf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6784-7893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soumik Kha","family":"Sagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Sohel","family":"Shomik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Proggananda","family":"Nath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abu Nayeem Mohammad","family":"Sohel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Sakhawat","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharful Islam","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5024-6127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megha Raj","family":"Banjara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Halleux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Aseffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib1","article-title":"India National Vector Borne Diseases Control Programme","volume":"2017","year":"2017","journal-title":"Accel Plan Kala-azar \u00c9limin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(24)00028-4","article-title":"Bangladesh eliminates visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"5","author":"Nagi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib3","article-title":"World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia","volume":"2022","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reg Strateg Framew Accel Sustain \u00c9limin Kala-Azar South-East Asia Reg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib4","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Guideline for the Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis in HIV Co-infected Patients in East Africa and South-East Asia. 2015."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib5","article-title":"Visceral Leishmaniasis and HIV co-infection in Bihar, India: long-term effectiveness and treatment outcomes with liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome)","volume":"8","author":"Burza","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib6","article-title":"Predictors of visceral leishmaniasis relapse in HIV-infected patients: A systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Cota","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0883","article-title":"Human Competence to transmit Leishmania infantum to Lutzomyia longipalpis and the influence of human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"98","author":"Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae156","article-title":"Visceral Leishmaniasis\u2013human immunodeficiency virus\u2013coinfected patients are highly infectious to sandflies in an endemic area in India","volume":"229","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib9","unstructured":"National Elimination Programme, Kala-azar. National Guideline for Kala-azar Case Management 2016. 2016."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib10","article-title":"Real-time PCR in detection and quantitation of Leishmania donovani for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis and monitoring treatment response","volume":"12","author":"Hossain","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib11","series-title":"National HIV Testing Services (HTS) Guideline","article-title":"Ministry of Health & Family Welfare","author":"National AIDS Control Programme","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib12","article-title":"Prevalence of HIV, risk behaviours and vulnerabilities of female sex partners of HIV positive people who inject drugs (PWID) in Dhaka city, Bangladesh","volume":"18","author":"Reza","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21990-3","article-title":"Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and prevention practices regarding HIV\/AIDS among urban slum dwellers in Bangladesh: an interview-based study","volume":"25","author":"Siddique","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7124-3","article-title":"Determinants of overall knowledge of and attitudes towards HIV\/AIDS transmission among ever-married women in Pakistan: evidence from the Demographic and Health Survey 2012-13","volume":"19","author":"Iqbal","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Strive Technical Brief","year":"2012","journal-title":"Meas HIV stigma Discrim"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3516-9","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding HIV\/AIDS among senior secondary school students in Fako Division, South West Region, Cameroon","volume":"16","author":"Nubed","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib17","first-page":"879","article-title":"Clinical and hematological features of visceral leishmaniasis at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital","volume":"29","author":"Malek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mymensingh Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib18","unstructured":"Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. Fifth National Strategic Plan for HIV and AIDS Response (2024\u20132028) in Bangladesh.2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2016.00246","article-title":"Extent of knowledge about HIV and its determinants among men in Bangladesh","volume":"4","author":"Yaya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib20","first-page":"162","article-title":"Knowledge about HIV\/AIDS among women in Bangladesh: an urban-rural comparison of trend, attitude and determinants","volume":"8","author":"Islam Mondal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biom Biostat Int J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-011-9888-z","article-title":"Blame, symbolic stigma and HIV misconceptions are associated with support for coercive measures in urban India","volume":"16","author":"Ekstrand","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib22","first-page":"162","article-title":"Knowledge about HIV\/AIDS among women in Bangladesh: an urban-rural comparison of trend, attitude and determinants","volume":"8","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biom Biostat Int J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hossain M.B., Kippax S.. HIV-related Discriminatory Attitudes of Healthcare Workers in Bangladesh. 2010;28:199\u2013207.","DOI":"10.3329\/jhpn.v28i2.4892"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Factors affecting knowledge, attitudes and behavior of HIV\/AIDS: a study of Bangladesh","volume":"9","author":"Hosain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aust J Bus Sci Des Lit"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3414","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-023-04057-5","article-title":"Impact of mass media on HIV\/AIDS stigma reduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","year":"2023","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib26","unstructured":"UNAIDS. Terminology Guidelines.2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25954","article-title":"Correcting for selection bias in HIV prevalence estimates: an application of sample selection models using data from population-based HIV surveys in seven sub-Saharan African countries","volume":"25","author":"Palma","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib28","article-title":"Participation dynamics in population-based longitudinal HIV surveillance in rural South Africa","volume":"10","author":"Larmarange","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib29","article-title":"The Global Fund\u2019s Bangladesh program","volume":"15","author":"Rahman","year":"2025","journal-title":"IJID Reg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233_bib30","first-page":"1418","volume":"353","author":"World Medical Association","year":"1974"}],"container-title":["Journal of Infection and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187603412600105X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187603412600105X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T22:34:51Z","timestamp":1783118091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S187603412600105X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S187603412600105X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233","relation":{},"ISSN":["1876-0341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1876-0341","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Visceral leishmaniasis & HIV co-infection in Bangladesh: Investigating prevalence and policy recommendations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Infection and Public Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2026.103233","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 World Health Organization; licensee Elsevier Ltd on behalf of King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103233"}}