{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:31:18Z","timestamp":1793381478174,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jisakos.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of ISAKOS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T07:39:05Z","timestamp":1779781145000},"page":"101146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Large medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy increases gastrocnemius tension: a cadaveric study with clinical correlation to early knee flexion contracture"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9438-1670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junwei","family":"Soong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4777-675X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Don Thong Siang","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shao Jin","family":"Teo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7325-3768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashton Kai Shun","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6510-9733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen Jonathan","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2701-9057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamid Rahmatullah Bin Abd","family":"Razak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7098-367X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kong Hwee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-020-06262-4","article-title":"Good long-term survival and patient-reported outcomes after high tibial osteotomy for medial compartment osteoarthritis","volume":"29","author":"Ollivier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-23-00323","article-title":"High tibial osteotomy in knee reconstruction and joint preservation","volume":"32","author":"Pullen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2011.08.310","article-title":"Prospective outcomes of young and middle-aged adults with medial compartment osteoarthritis treated with a proximal tibial opening wedge osteotomy","volume":"28","author":"Laprade","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000037036","article-title":"Osteotomy for treating knee osteoarthritis from 2012 to 2023: bibliometric analysis and global trends","volume":"103","author":"Hou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.21.00127","article-title":"High tibial osteotomies for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"10","author":"Kanakamedala","year":"2022","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2309499019831455","article-title":"Preoperative planning of medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy using 3D computer-aided design weight-bearing simulated guidance: technique and preliminary result","volume":"27","author":"Chernchujit","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-2920-x","article-title":"High reliability in digital planning of medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy, using Miniaci's method","volume":"23","author":"Elson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12121","article-title":"The tipping point in medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy relates to the shape of the proximal tibia more than to lower limb alignment correction","volume":"32","author":"Mabrouk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4355","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-023-07486-w","article-title":"Clinical relevance of joint line obliquity after high tibial osteotomy for medial knee osteoarthritis remains controversial: a systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465221148496","article-title":"Large versus small opening wedge high tibial osteotomies performed with a protective wire over the lateral Hinge: incidence of lateral Hinge fracture and early clinical outcomes","volume":"51","author":"Koh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-022-07286-8","article-title":"Distalization of hinge site with use of hinge wire reduces hinge fracture rates in closing wedge distal femoral osteotomy","volume":"31","author":"Teo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2024.06.003","article-title":"High tibial osteotomy versus unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in advanced medial compartmental knee arthrosis: a comparative study with propensity score matched analysis","volume":"49","author":"Teo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Knee"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3847-6","article-title":"Age does not affect the clinical and radiological outcomes after open-wedge high tibial osteotomy","volume":"25","author":"Goshima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib14","article-title":"Medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy for the treatment of degenerative varus knee osteoarthritis in geriatric patients: a retrospective study","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.2.188","article-title":"The role of knee alignment in disease progression and functional decline in knee osteoarthritis","volume":"286","author":"Sharma","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.01.005","article-title":"Varus thrust during walking and the risk of incident and worsening medial tibiofemoral MRI lesions: the multicenter osteoarthritis study","volume":"25","author":"Wink","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2023.10.004","article-title":"Medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy for the treatment of medial unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis: a state-of-the-art review","volume":"9","author":"Palmer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J ISAKOS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s43019-021-00130-2","article-title":"How to achieve an optimal alignment in medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy?","volume":"34","author":"Kang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Knee Surg Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib19","series-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","article-title":"Anatomy, bony pelvis and lower limb, gastrocnemius muscle. 2023 Apr 17","author":"Bordoni","year":"2025"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2012.06.010","article-title":"The effect of isolated gastrocnemius contracture and gastrocnemius recession on lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during stance","volume":"27","author":"Chimera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.07.118","article-title":"Influence of different degrees of bilateral emulated contractures at the triceps surae on gait kinematics: the difference between gastrocnemius and soleus","volume":"58","author":"Attias","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-020-03695-x","article-title":"The effect of gastrocnemius resection on knee flexion in a total knee arthroplasty model","volume":"142","author":"Rocco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3939-3","article-title":"Effects of gastrocnemius recession on ankle motion, strength, and functional outcomes: a systematic review and national healthcare database analysis","volume":"24","author":"Gianakos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-14-104","article-title":"Ankle dorsi- and plantar-flexion torques measured by dynamometry in healthy subjects from 5 to 80 years","volume":"14","author":"Moraux","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Muscoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2019.08.003","article-title":"Gastrocnemius recession in the setting of metatarsalgia: the Baumann procedure","volume":"24","author":"Slullitel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-015-2860-1","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of three isolated gastrocnemius recession procedures in a cadaveric model of gastrocnemius tightness","volume":"40","author":"Rong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198911000-00004","article-title":"Rationale of the knee society clinical rating system","volume":"248","author":"Insall","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.80B1.0800063","article-title":"Questionnaire on the perceptions of patients about total knee replacement","volume":"80","author":"Dawson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002","article-title":"The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection","volume":"30","author":"Ware","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(02)00171-5","article-title":"Quality of life in an urban Asian population: the impact of ethnicity and socio-economic status","volume":"56","author":"Thumboo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.16.4.494","article-title":"Radiological assessment of osteoarthrosis","volume":"16","author":"Kellgren","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2025.100900","article-title":"Assessment and surgical correction of posterior tibial slope in revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery: an international expert Delphi consensus statement","volume":"13","author":"Wackerle","year":"2025","journal-title":"J ISAKOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib33","series-title":"StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure island (FL)","article-title":"Anatomy, bony pelvis and lower limb: Tibia. 2023 Aug 8","author":"Bourne","year":"2025"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200704000-00009","article-title":"The anatomy of the posterior aspect of the knee. An anatomic study","volume":"89","author":"LaPrade","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520980076","article-title":"What is the relationship between the distal semimembranosus tendon and the medial meniscus? A gross and microscopic analysis from the SANTI study group","volume":"49","author":"Cavaignac","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310062101","article-title":"The posterolateral attachments of the knee: a qualitative and quantitative morphologic analysis of the fibular collateral ligament, popliteus tendon, popliteofibular ligament, and lateral gastrocnemius tendon","volume":"31","author":"LaPrade","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2022.11.023","article-title":"The effects of open wedge high tibial osteotomy for knee osteoarthritis on the patellofemoral joint. A systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Kurien","year":"2023","journal-title":"Knee"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib38","first-page":"203","article-title":"Patella baja after the modified coventry-maquet high tibial osteotomy","volume":"16","author":"Backstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Knee Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2024.09.013","article-title":"Quadriceps strength can improve twelve months after opening wedge high tibial osteotomy and opening wedge distal tibial tubercle osteotomy, particularly after opening wedge high tibial osteotomy","volume":"51","author":"Goto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Knee"}],"container-title":["Journal of ISAKOS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2059775426000829?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2059775426000829?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T16:45:54Z","timestamp":1793378754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2059775426000829"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S2059775426000829"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146","relation":{},"ISSN":["2059-7754"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2059-7754","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Large medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy increases gastrocnemius tension: a cadaveric study with clinical correlation to early knee flexion contracture","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of ISAKOS","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101146","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery and Orthopedic Sports Medicine.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101146"}}