{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:52:09Z","timestamp":1791478329596,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jisakos.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of ISAKOS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T16:31:22Z","timestamp":1786465882000},"page":"101203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The crossing-sign angle and trochlear dysplasia length: New radiographic parameters to measure the dysplastic trochlea"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6228-0621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Martinez-Cano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5137-9384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Diaz-Solorzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacobo","family":"Trivi\u00f1o-Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Valencia-Orozco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Camila","family":"Gomez-Ayala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Tompkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516663498","article-title":"Morphology and anatomic patellar instability risk factors in first-time traumatic lateral patellar dislocations: a prospective magnetic resonance imaging study in skeletally immature children","volume":"45","author":"Askenberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120981636","article-title":"Patellofemoral dislocation recurrence after a first episode: a case-control study","volume":"9","author":"Martinez-Cano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000674","article-title":"Predictors of recurrent patellar instability in children and adolescents after first-time dislocation","volume":"37","author":"Jaquith","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514563904","article-title":"The prevalence and combined prevalences of anatomic factors associated with recurrent patellar dislocation: a magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"43","author":"Steensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-019-05469-4","article-title":"Recurrent patellar dislocations: trochleoplasty improves the results of medial patellofemoral ligament surgery only in severe trochlear dysplasia","volume":"27","author":"Zaffagnini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516635626","article-title":"Effect of trochlear dysplasia on outcomes after isolated soft tissue stabilization for patellar instability","volume":"44","author":"Hiemstra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib7","first-page":"45","article-title":"La dysplasie de la troclee femorale","volume":"76","author":"Dejour","year":"1990","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop\u00e9dique"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0000000000000183","article-title":"Osteotomies in patello-femoral instabilities","volume":"26","author":"Dejour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.103160","article-title":"Trochleoplasty: indications in patellar dislocation with high-grade dysplasia. Surgical technique","volume":"108","author":"Dejour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12158","article-title":"The dejour classification for trochlear dysplasia shows slight interobserver and substantial intraobserver reliability","volume":"32","author":"Martinez-Cano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5707","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-023-07612-8","article-title":"Inconsistent repeatability of the Dejour classification of trochlear dysplasia due to the variability of imaging modalities: a systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Pineda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12539","article-title":"Adapting the Dejour classification of trochlear dysplasia from qualitative radiograph-and CT-based assessments to quantitative MRI-based measurements","volume":"33","author":"Dejour","year":"2025","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546520958423","article-title":"Current concepts regarding patellofemoral trochlear dysplasia","volume":"49","author":"Levy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515572143","article-title":"The effect of trochlear Dysplasia on patellofemoral biomechanics:a cadaveric study with simulated trochlear deformities","volume":"43","author":"Van Haver","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.90B7.20447","article-title":"The effect of trochleoplasty on patellar stability and kinematics: a biomechanical study in vitro","volume":"90","author":"Amis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465251323806","article-title":"The effect of a supratrochlear spur on patellofemoral cartilage in patients with trochlear dysplasia","volume":"53","author":"Ackermann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19980115)17:1<101::AID-SIM727>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Sample size and optimal designs for reliability studies","volume":"17","author":"Walter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib18","series-title":"Ergebnisse der Chirurgie und Orthop\u00e4die: Einunddreissigster Band","first-page":"149","article-title":"Die lageabweichungen und verrenkungen der kniescheibe","author":"Blumensaat","year":"1938"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","article-title":"A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research","volume":"15","author":"Koo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Chiropract Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib21","series-title":"Straightforward statistics for the behavioral sciences","author":"Evans","year":"1996"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671251395739","article-title":"Excellent Intra- and interobserver reliability of the D.H. dejour version 2 classification for trochlear Dysplasia using radiographs combined with MRI with evaluation of shortcomings","volume":"14","author":"Dan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2020.109011","article-title":"3D-printed anatomic models of the knee for evaluation of patellofemoral dysplasia in comparison to standard radiographs and computed tomography","volume":"127","author":"Fritz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967116669490","article-title":"Are the current classifications and radiographic measurements for trochlear dysplasia appropriate in the skeletally immature patient?","volume":"4","author":"Stepanovich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0000000000000254","article-title":"When is trochleoplasty a rational addition?","volume":"27","author":"Rush","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/26350254251388503","article-title":"Mini-open lateral approach trochleoplasty for patellar dislocation","volume":"5","author":"Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4","year":"2025","journal-title":"Video Journal of Sports Medicine"}],"container-title":["Journal of ISAKOS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2059775426001392?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2059775426001392?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:02:47Z","timestamp":1791475367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2059775426001392"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["S2059775426001392"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203","relation":{},"ISSN":["2059-7754"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2059-7754","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The crossing-sign angle and trochlear dysplasia length: New radiographic parameters to measure the dysplastic trochlea","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of ISAKOS","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jisako.2026.101203","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery and Orthopedic Sports Medicine.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101203"}}