{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:46:51Z","timestamp":1761864411932,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":371,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20ek0210106h0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20ek0210106h0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19HA1003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19HA1003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal-of-cardiology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T02:45:54Z","timestamp":1649385954000},"page":"292-297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Renin-angiotensin system blocker and the COVID-19 aggravation in patients with hypertension, diabetes, renal failure, Cerebro-cardiovascular disease, or pulmonary disease: Report by the COVID-19 Registry Japan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Fumiki","family":"Yoshihara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ohtsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michikazu","family":"Nakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Tsuzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kayoko","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Terada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Matsunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisao","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norio","family":"Ohmagari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000237862.94083.45","article-title":"Enalapril attenuates downregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the late phase of ventricular dysfunction in myocardial infarcted rat","volume":"48","author":"Ocaranza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000302","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury by regulating the balance between angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase activation","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12573","article-title":"Perinatally administered losartan augments renal ACE2 expression but not cardiac or renal mas receptor in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"19","author":"Klimas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa097","article-title":"Hypertension, the renin-angiotensin system, and the risk of lower respiratory tract infections and lung injury: implications for COVID-19","volume":"116","author":"Kreutz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.04.003","article-title":"COVID-19: a new virus, but a familiar receptor and cytokine release syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Hirano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","article-title":"Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03375-7","article-title":"Dosing of thromboprophylaxis and mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients","volume":"24","author":"Jonmarker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005292","article-title":"Aspirin use is associated with decreased mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit admission, and in-hospital mortality in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"132","author":"Chow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06088-1","article-title":"Understanding pathophysiology of hemostasis disorders in critically ill patients with COVID-19","volume":"46","author":"Joly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20200922","article-title":"Correcting the imbalanced protective RAS in COVID-19 with angiotensin AT2-receptor agonists","volume":"134","author":"Steckelings","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.571996","article-title":"COVID-19 associated ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke: incidence, potential pathological mechanism, and management","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.06.047","article-title":"The use of renin angiotensin system inhibitor on mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Pranata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0070","first-page":"100627","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers and the risk of COVID-19 infection or severe disease: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Caldeira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9020127","article-title":"Mortality, severity, and hospital admission among COVID-19 patients with ACEI\/ARB use: a meta-analysis stratifying countries based on response to the first wave of the pandemic","volume":"9","author":"Alamer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-020-01101-w","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evidence for significant geographical disparities","volume":"22","author":"Patoulias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Hypertens. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-020-00535-8","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 in Kanagawa, Japan: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"43","author":"Matsuzawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0090","first-page":"429","article-title":"Reduction of microalbuminuria by using losartan in normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Agha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8575","article-title":"Comparative proteinuria management of different angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers for normotensive patients with CKD: a Bayesian network meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Peer J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S158634","article-title":"Comparative effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers on the risk of pneumonia and severe exacerbations in patients with COPD","volume":"13","author":"Lai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S104097","article-title":"The association of renin-angiotensin system blockades and pneumonia requiring admission in patients with COPD","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.04.096","article-title":"Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) outperform angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on ischemic stroke prevention in patients with hypertension and diabetes - a real-world population study in Taiwan","volume":"215","author":"Pai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3677","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1470","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Japan: report of the COVID-19 REGISTRY JAPAN","volume":"73","author":"Matsunaga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)--a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v3.i10.329","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme and bradykinin gene polymorphisms and cough: a meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Nishio","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2020-317393","article-title":"Risk of severe COVID-19 disease with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: cohort study including 8.3 million people","volume":"106","author":"Hippisley-Cox","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.14049","article-title":"Effect of comorbid pulmonary disease on the severity of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"G\u00fclsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000251865.35728.2f","article-title":"Angiotensin-(1-7) through receptor mas mediates endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation via Akt-dependent pathways","volume":"49","author":"Sampaio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14109","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1612668113","article-title":"Role of the receptor mas in macrophage-mediated inflammation in vivo","volume":"113","author":"Hammer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144944","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 mortalities strongly correlate with ACE1 I\/D genotype","volume":"758","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2020-0727","article-title":"Do genetic polymorphisms in angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene play a role in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)?","volume":"58","author":"Lippi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2021.198579","article-title":"Does immune recognition of SARS-CoV2 epitopes vary between different ethnic groups?","volume":"305","author":"Bose","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpaa168","article-title":"Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and COVID-19 infection or hospitalization: a cohort study","volume":"34","author":"Dublin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2700-3","article-title":"Sex differences in immune responses that underlie COVID-19 disease outcomes","volume":"588","author":"Takahashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13168","article-title":"Individual variation of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 gene expression and regulation","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103474","article-title":"COVID-19 and individual genetic susceptibility\/receptivity: role of ACE1\/ACE2 genes, immunity, inflammation and coagulation. Might the double X-chromosome in females be protective against SARS-CoV-2 compared to the single X-chromosome in males?","volume":"21","author":"Gemmati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.therap.2020.05.009","article-title":"French Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (SFPT). Drugs acting on renin angiotensin system and use in ill patients with COVID-19","volume":"75","author":"Alexandre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Therapie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2521-4","article-title":"Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY","volume":"584","author":"Williamson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1624","article-title":"Association of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors with severity or risk of death in patients with hypertension hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0200","article-title":"Features of 20133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO clinical characterisation protocol: prospective observational cohort study","volume":"369","author":"Docherty","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-02902-w","article-title":"Clinical determinants for fatality of 44,672 patients with COVID-19","volume":"24","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18909","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75848-2","article-title":"Explaining among-country variation in COVID-19 case fatality rate","volume":"10","author":"Sorci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S091450872200082X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S091450872200082X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T13:07:03Z","timestamp":1760274423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S091450872200082X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S091450872200082X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0914-5087"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0914-5087"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Renin-angiotensin system blocker and the COVID-19 aggravation in patients with hypertension, diabetes, renal failure, Cerebro-cardiovascular disease, or pulmonary disease: Report by the COVID-19 Registry Japan","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jjcc.2022.04.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Japanese College of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}