{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:15:22Z","timestamp":1790021722679,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,1]],"date-time":"2009-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1257033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Molecular Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,27]],"date-time":"2009-08-27T10:17:35Z","timestamp":1251368255000},"page":"978-992","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["Examining Polyglutamine Peptide Length: A Connection between Collapsed Conformations and Increased Aggregation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"393","author":[{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Walters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina M.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13304-1","article-title":"Huntingtin aggregation and toxicity in Huntington's disease","volume":"361","author":"Bates","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.888401","article-title":"Beyond the Qs in the polyglutamine diseases","volume":"15","author":"Orr","year":"2001","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2000.114","article-title":"Protein aggregation and pathogenesis of Huntington's disease: mechanisms and correlations","volume":"381","author":"Wanker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/35039051","article-title":"Molecular genetics: unmasking polyglutamine triggers in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"1","author":"Gusella","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Rev., Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.2004.04245.x","article-title":"Structural and functional analysis of ataxin-2 and ataxin-3","volume":"271","author":"Albrecht","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2008.07.004","article-title":"Polyglutamine neurodegeneration: protein misfolding revisited","volume":"31","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/11.23.2905","article-title":"Aggregated polyglutamine peptides delivered to nuclei are toxic to mammalian cells","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9195","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M607865200","article-title":"Identification of anti-prion compounds as efficient inhibitors of polyglutamine protein aggregation in a zebrafish model","volume":"282","author":"Schiffer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00872-3","article-title":"Polyglutamine pathogenesis: emergence of unifying mechanisms for Huntington's disease and related disorders","volume":"35","author":"Ross","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80464-X","article-title":"Ectopically expressed CAG repeats cause intranuclear inclusions and a progressive late onset neurological phenotype in the mouse","volume":"91","author":"Ordway","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408936102","article-title":"A potent small molecule inhibits polyglutamine aggregation in Huntington's disease neurons and suppresses neurodegeneration in vivo","volume":"102","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.05032.x","article-title":"Sensitive biochemical aggregate detection reveals aggregation onset before symptom development in cellular and murine models of Huntington's disease","volume":"104","author":"Weiss","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm311","article-title":"Soluble polyglutamine oligomers formed prior to inclusion body formation are cytotoxic","volume":"17","author":"Takahashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R115","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm213","article-title":"Polyglutamine diseases: emerging concepts in pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"16","author":"Shao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2006.11.004","article-title":"Nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and transcription effects of huntingtin in Huntington's disease","volume":"83","author":"Truant","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1073845","article-title":"Perspectives: neurodegeneration\u2014a glutamine-rich trail leads to transcription factors","volume":"296","author":"Freiman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2001.4850","article-title":"Polyglutamine aggregation behavior in vitro supports a recruitment mechanism of cytotoxicity","volume":"311","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14367","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602348103","article-title":"Normal-repeat-length polyglutamine peptides accelerate aggregation nucleation and cytotoxicity of expanded polyglutamine proteins","volume":"103","author":"Slepko","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7391","DOI":"10.1021\/bi011772q","article-title":"Amyloid-like features of polyglutamine aggregates and their assembly kinetics","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11884","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.182276099","article-title":"Huntington's disease age-of-onset linked to polyglutamine aggregation nucleation","volume":"99","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15400","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501651102","article-title":"Polyglutamine aggregation nucleation: thermodynamics of a highly unfavorable protein folding reaction","volume":"102","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2008.12.3903","article-title":"Model discrimination and mechanistic interpretation of kinetic data in protein aggregation studies","volume":"96","author":"Bernacki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)02335-9","article-title":"Solution structure of polyglutamine tracts in GST-polyglutamine fusion proteins","volume":"513","author":"Masino","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3011.1997.tb00622.x","article-title":"Random coil conformation for extended polyglutamine stretches in aqueous soluble monomeric peptides","volume":"50","author":"Altschuler","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Pept. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2007.05.028","article-title":"Pathogenic and non-pathogenic polyglutamine tracts have similar structural properties: towards a length-dependent toxicity gradient","volume":"371","author":"Klein","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.21132","article-title":"Effects of chain length on the aggregation of model polyglutamine peptides: molecular dynamics simulations","volume":"66","author":"Marchut","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proteins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2008.09.026","article-title":"Atomistic simulations of the effects of polyglutamine chain length and solvent quality on conformational equilibria and spontaneous homodimerization","volume":"384","author":"Vitalis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13172","DOI":"10.1021\/jp805636p","article-title":"The intrinsic stiffness of polyglutamine peptides","volume":"112","author":"Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16764","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0608175103","article-title":"Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy shows that monomeric polyglutamine molecules form collapsed structures in aqueous solutions","volume":"103","author":"Crick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(04)74303-9","article-title":"Conformation of prion protein repeat peptides probed by FRET measurements and molecular dynamics simulations","volume":"86","author":"Gustiananda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12394","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0604748103","article-title":"End-to-end distance distributions and intrachain diffusion constants in unfolded polypeptide chains indicate intramolecular hydrogen bond formation","volume":"103","author":"Moglich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2008.11.014","article-title":"Kinetics of contact formation and end-to-end distance distributions of swollen disordered peptides","volume":"96","author":"Soranno","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib33","series-title":"Circular Dichroism and the Conformational Analysis of Biomolecules","author":"Fasman","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12810","DOI":"10.1021\/bi700806c","article-title":"Reconsidering the mechanism of polyglutamine peptide aggregation","volume":"46","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochemistry,"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib35","series-title":"Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy","author":"Lakowicz","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7206","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00528a023","article-title":"Interaction of alpha-dansylated peptide inhibitors with porcine pepsin\u2014detection of complex-formation by fluorescence energy-transfer and chromatography and evidence for a 2-step binding scheme","volume":"20","author":"Dunn","year":"1981","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1994.1134","article-title":"Resonance energy transfer\u2014methods and applications","volume":"218","author":"Wu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1139\/v81-154","article-title":"The tryptophan fluorescence lifetime puzzle. A study of decay times in aqueous solution as a function of pH and buffer composition","volume":"59","author":"Gudgin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Can. J. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib39","series-title":"Principles of Polymer Chemistry","author":"Flory","year":"1953"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib40","series-title":"Proteins: Structures and Molecular Principles","author":"Creighton","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1021\/bi036269n","article-title":"Polymer models of protein stability, folding, and interactions","volume":"43","author":"Zhou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104905","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2178805","article-title":"Kinetics of interior loop formation in semiflexible chains","volume":"124","author":"Hyeon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6763","DOI":"10.1021\/jp011355n","article-title":"Loops in proteins can be modeled as worm-like chains","volume":"105","author":"Zhou","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem., B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1021\/ma60033a018","article-title":"Translational friction coefficient of wormlike chains","volume":"6","author":"Yamakawa","year":"1973","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4788","DOI":"10.1021\/jp044347q","article-title":"Conformational distribution of a 14-residue peptide in solution: a fluorescence resonance energy transfer study","volume":"109","author":"Tucker","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem., B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5315.1112","article-title":"Folding\u2013unfolding transitions in single titin molecules characterized with laser tweezers","volume":"276","author":"Kellermayer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science,"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.105.071167","article-title":"Effects of denaturants on the dynamics of loop formation in polypeptides","volume":"91","author":"Buscaglia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2754","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408164102","article-title":"Polyproline and the \u201cspectroscopic ruler\u201d revisited with single-molecule fluorescence","volume":"102","author":"Schuler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2009.05.003","article-title":"Thermodynamics of \u03b2-sheet formation in polyglutamine","volume":"97","author":"Vitalis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb1215","article-title":"A toxic monomeric conformer of the polyglutamine protein","volume":"14","author":"Nagai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12605","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900678106","article-title":"Single homopolypeptide chains collapse into mechanically rigid conformations","volume":"106","author":"Dougan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.42301","article-title":"Solubilization and disaggregation of polyglutamine peptides","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Protein Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2005.11.072","article-title":"Cooperative effects of cofilin (ADF) on actin structure suggest allosteric mechanism of cofilin function","volume":"356","author":"Bobkov","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib54","series-title":"Resonance Energy Transfer","first-page":"1","article-title":"Resonance energy transfer in proteins","author":"dos Remedios","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.65.4.823","article-title":"Failure of energy transfer between identical aromatic molecules on excitation at long wave edge of absorption spectrum","volume":"65","author":"Weber","year":"1970","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(94)80593-4","article-title":"Effect of acid predissolution on fibril size and fibril flexibility of synthetic beta-amyloid peptide","volume":"67","author":"Shen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-12030-0_1","article-title":"Static and dynamic light-scattering from branched polymers and bio-polymers","volume":"48","author":"Burchard","year":"1983","journal-title":"Adv. Polym. Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Molecular Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022283609010316?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022283609010316?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T03:53:51Z","timestamp":1710561231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022283609010316"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022283609010316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.08.034","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2836"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2836","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11]]}}}