{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T13:53:17Z","timestamp":1772977997276,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,12]],"date-time":"2018-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526083200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":284,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008980","name":"Zablocki VA Medical Center (ZVAMC), Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the Department of Neurosurgery at the Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008980","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006438","name":"Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006438","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Broad Agency Announcement","award":["W81XWH-16-1-0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-16-1-0010"]}]},{"name":"Broad Agency Announcement","award":["W81XWH-12\u20130041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-12\u20130041"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,5]],"date-time":"2017-05-05T22:19:25Z","timestamp":1494022765000},"page":"246-251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Foot-ankle complex injury risk curves using calcaneus bone mineral density data"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Narayan","family":"Yoganandan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sajal","family":"Chirvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Voo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"DeVogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank A.","family":"Pintar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anjishnu","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib1","series-title":"Hybrid III: The First Human-Like Crash Test Dummy","first-page":"830","author":"Backaitis","year":"1994"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S96","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2015.1061185","article-title":"Survival model for foot and leg high rate axial impact injury data","volume":"16","author":"Bailey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Begeman, P., Balakrishnan, P., Levine, R., King, A., 1994. Dynamic Human Ankle Response to Inversion and Eversion., Stapp Car Crash Conference.","DOI":"10.4271\/933115"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib4","series-title":"6th Injury Prevention Through Biomechanics Symposium","first-page":"125","article-title":"Axial load strength and some ligament properties of the ankle joint","author":"Begeman","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00296338","article-title":"Ultrasound and densitometry of the calcaneus correlate with the failure loads of cadaveric femurs","volume":"56","author":"Bouxsein","year":"1995","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib6","unstructured":"Davidsson, J., Carrollo, J., Hybd, D.L., E, Trossellie, X., Eggers, A., Sunnevnag, C., Praxl, N., Martinez, L., Lemmen, P., Been, B., 2014. Development of injury risk functions for use with the THORAX Demonstrator; an updated THOR. IRCOBI."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib7","series-title":"Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, 49 CFR; Parts 571. Side Impact Protection","first-page":"43722","author":"FMVSS","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1514675","article-title":"The axial injury tolerance of the human foot\/ankle complex and the effect of Achilles tension","volume":"124","author":"Funk","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198011000-00010","article-title":"The influence of age, height, and weight on the bone mineral content of lumbar vertebrae","volume":"5","author":"Hansson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198103000-00007","article-title":"The relation between bone mineral content, experimental compression fractures, and disc degeneration in lumbar vertebrae","volume":"6","author":"Hansson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kitagawa, Y., Ichikawa, H., King, A.I., Levine, R.S., 1998. A severe ankle and foot injury in frontal crashes and its mechanism. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA.","DOI":"10.4271\/983145"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib12","series-title":"Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems","author":"Kleinberger","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib13","unstructured":"Klopp, G.S., Crandall, J.R., Hall, G.W., Pilkey, W.D., Hurwitz, S.R., Kuppa, S.M., 1997. Mechanisms of injury and injury criteria for the human foot and ankle in dynamic axial impacts to the foot. In: Proceedings of International IRCOBI Conference. International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Impact, Bron, France, pp. 73\u201386."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib14","first-page":"189","article-title":"Development of side impact thoracic injury criteria and their application to the modified ES-2 dummy with rib extensions (ES-2re)","volume":"47","author":"Kuppa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stapp Car Crash J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib15","first-page":"229","article-title":"Lower extremity injury criteria for evaluating military vehicle occupant injury in underbelly blast events","volume":"53","author":"McKay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stapp Car Crash J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib16","series-title":"Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention","first-page":"577","author":"Nahum","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib17","series-title":"Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention","first-page":"769","article-title":"Normalization and scaling for human response corridors and development of risk curves","author":"Petitjean","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib18","first-page":"323","article-title":"Injury risk curves for the WorldSID 50th male dummy","volume":"56","author":"Petitjean","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stapp Car Crash J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199809150-00007","article-title":"Effect of age and loading rate on human cervical spine injury threshold","volume":"23","author":"Pintar","year":"1998","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib20","unstructured":"R, Core, Team, 2014. R Core Team (2014). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Injury tolerance and response of the ankle joint in dynamic dorsiflexion","volume":"48","author":"Rudd","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stapp Car Crash J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib22","series-title":"Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention","first-page":"499","article-title":"Leg, foot and ankle injury biomechanics","author":"Salzar","year":"2015"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S100","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2015.1015118","article-title":"Lower leg injury reference values and risk curves from survival analysis for male and female dummies: meta-analysis of postmortem human subject tests","volume":"16","author":"Yoganandan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S151","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2014.935357","article-title":"Optimized lower leg injury probability curves from postmortem human subject tests under axial impacts","volume":"15","author":"Yoganandan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Traffic Inj. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib25","first-page":"230","article-title":"Hybrid III lower leg injury assessment reference curves under axial impacts using matched-pair tests","volume":"51","author":"Yoganandan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoganandan, N., Pintar, F.A., Boynton, M., Begeman, P.C., Prasad, P., Kuppa, S.M., Morgan, R.M., Eppinger, R.H., 1996. Dynamic axial tolerance of the human foot-ankle complex. In: Proceedings of the 40th Stapp Car Crash Conference. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA, pp. 207\u2013218.","DOI":"10.4271\/962426"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2798290","article-title":"Axial impact biomechanics of the human foot-ankle complex","volume":"119","author":"Yoganandan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.06.008","article-title":"Vertical accelerator device to apply loads simulating blast environments in the military to human surrogates","volume":"48","author":"Yoganandan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(00)00017-8","article-title":"Experimental production of extra- and intra-articular fractures of the os calcis","volume":"33","author":"Yoganandan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000192684.12046.93","article-title":"Bone mineral density of human female cervical and lumbar spines from quantitative computed tomography","volume":"31","author":"Yoganandan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2006.01.160","article-title":"Trabecular bone density of male human cervical and lumbar vertebrae","volume":"39","author":"Yoganandan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bone"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751616117301984?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751616117301984?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T22:17:23Z","timestamp":1761689843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1751616117301984"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S1751616117301984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-6161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-6161","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Foot-ankle complex injury risk curves using calcaneus bone mineral density data","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.05.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}