{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T20:19:16Z","timestamp":1776025156226,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010313","name":"Racing Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010313","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T02:15:21Z","timestamp":1592273721000},"page":"103920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Fatigue behavior of subchondral bone under simulated physiological loads of equine athletic training"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Shaktivesh","family":"Shaktivesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2415-0778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Malekipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. Christopher","family":"Whitton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7528-7056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peta L.","family":"Hitchens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3666-4872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter VS.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100120306","article-title":"Comparative study of the intrinsic mechanical properties of the human acetabular and femoral head cartilage","volume":"12","author":"Athanasiou","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.2746\/042516409X429437","article-title":"Influence of intensity and changes of physical activity on bone mineral density of immature equine subchondral bone","volume":"41","author":"Brama","year":"2009","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2003.33.10.578","article-title":"Sports, joint injury, and posttraumatic osteoarthritis","volume":"33","author":"Buckwalter","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(98)00016-5","article-title":"Does microdamage accumulation affect the mechanical properties of bone?","volume":"31","author":"Burr","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(89)90013-4","article-title":"Bone creep-fatigue damage accumulation","volume":"22","author":"Caler","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-015-1305-8","article-title":"Uniaxial and multiaxial fatigue life prediction of the trabecular bone based on physiological loading: a comparative study","volume":"43","author":"Fatihhi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2016.12.006","article-title":"Risk factors for equine fractures in Thoroughbred flat racing in North America","volume":"139","author":"Georgopoulos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.10.001","article-title":"Evaluation of a subject-specific finite-element model of the equine metacarpophalangeal joint under physiological load","volume":"47","author":"Harrison","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.2746\/042516400777032237","article-title":"The forelimb in walking horses: 1. Kinematics and ground reaction forces","volume":"32","author":"Hodson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083662","article-title":"Microdamage caused by fatigue loading in human cancellous bone: relationship to reductions in bone biomechanical performance","volume":"8","author":"Lambers","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.2003.00211.x","article-title":"Detecting microdamage in bone","volume":"203","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.56.4.247","article-title":"Mechanical and material properties of the subchondral bone plate from the femoral head of patients with osteoarthritis or osteoporosis","volume":"56","author":"Li","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1243\/EMED_JOUR_1985_014_042_02","article-title":"Material properties of cancellous bone in repetitive axial loading","volume":"15","author":"Linde","year":"1985","journal-title":"Eng. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib14","first-page":"109594","article-title":"Effects of in vivo fatigue-induced subchondral bone microdamage on the mechanical response of cartilage-bone under a single impact compression","author":"Malekipour","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2018.05.031","article-title":"Stiffness and energy dissipation across the superficial and deeper third metacarpal subchondral bone in Thoroughbred racehorses under high-rate compression","volume":"85","author":"Malekipour","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12241","article-title":"Bone fatigue and its implications for injuries in racehorses","author":"Martig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib17","article-title":"The relationship between microstructure, stiffness and compressive fatigue life of equine subchondral bone","volume":"101","author":"Martig","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12794","article-title":"Subchondral bone morphology in the metacarpus of racehorses in training changes with distance from the articular surface but not with age","volume":"232","author":"Martig","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2013.09.006","article-title":"Compressive fatigue life of subchondral bone of the metacarpal condyle in thoroughbred racehorses","volume":"57","author":"Martig","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib20","first-page":"19","article-title":"Relationship between the mineral content of human trabecular bone and selected parameters determined from fatigue test at stepwise-increasing amplitude","volume":"19","author":"Mazurkiewicz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Bioeng. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1177\/0954406214559112","article-title":"Experimental evaluation of fatigue damage in two-stage loading tests based on the energy dissipation","volume":"229","author":"Meneghetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C J. Mech. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(93)90009-4","article-title":"Compressive fatigue behavior of bovine trabecular bone","volume":"26","author":"Michel","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1631583","article-title":"Fatigue of bovine trabecular bone","volume":"125","author":"Moore","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib24","first-page":"273","article-title":"Training practices , speed and distances undertaken by Thoroughbred racehorses in Victoria","volume":"52","author":"Morrice-West","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust. Now."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(94)00156-1","article-title":"Cyclic mechanical property degradation during fatigue loading of cortical bone","volume":"29","author":"Pattin","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2015.05.006","article-title":"In-situ fatigue life prognosis for composite laminates based on stiffness degradation","volume":"132","author":"Peng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Compos. Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12036","article-title":"Pathological and clinical features associated with palmar\/plantar osteochondral disease of the metacarpo\/metatarsophalangeal joint in Thoroughbred racehorses","volume":"45","author":"Pinchbeck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.1110","article-title":"Macroscopic changes in the distal ends of the third metacarpal and metatarsal bones of Thoroughbred racehorses with condylar fractures","author":"Radtke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib30","series-title":"Quantitative Methods for the Analysis of Equine Locomotion and Their Applications to Other Species Author (S): Marc H . Ratzlaff Published by","author":"Ratzlaff","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.69.11.1423","article-title":"Mechanical properties of subchondral bone in the distal aspect of third metacarpal bones from Thoroughbred racehorses","volume":"69","author":"Rubio-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-017-1510-8","article-title":"Fatigue strength of bovine articular cartilage-on-bone under three-point bending: the effect of loading frequency","volume":"18","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Muscoskel. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(89)90055-0","article-title":"Mechanical and morphological effects of strain rate on fatigue of compact bone","volume":"10","author":"Schaffler","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0737-0806(03)70019-7","article-title":"Temporal and kinematic gait variables of thoroughbred racehorses at or near racing speeds","author":"Seder","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Equine Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/bonekey.2015.11","article-title":"Bone microdamage, remodeling and bone fragility: how much damage is too much damage?","volume":"4","author":"Seref-Ferlengez","year":"2015","journal-title":"BoneKEy Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(90)90032-X","article-title":"Measurement of the density of trabecular bone","volume":"23","author":"Sharp","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8442(90)90007-M","article-title":"Fatigue load sequence effect ranked by critical available energy density","volume":"14","author":"Sih","year":"1990","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2008.06.003","article-title":"High-intensity exercise induces structural, compositional and metabolic changes in cuboidal bones - findings from an equine athlete model","volume":"43","author":"Tidswell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/MSF.726.84","article-title":"Method of determining the initial stiffness modulus for trabecular bone under stepwise load","volume":"726","author":"Topoli\u0144ski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.3139\/120.110235","article-title":"Fatigue energy dissipation in trabecular bone samples with stepwise-increasing amplitude loading","volume":"53","author":"Topoli\u0144ski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mater. Test."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2018.7459","article-title":"Knee joint loading in healthy adults during functional exercises: implications for rehabilitation guidelines","volume":"48","author":"Van Rossom","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2006.05.025","article-title":"Exercise distance and speed affect the risk of fracture in racehorses","volume":"39","author":"Verheyen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfatigue.2007.03.001","article-title":"Failure behaviour of EUROFER 97 in the low-cycle fatigue region under multi-step loading","volume":"30","author":"Walter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Fatig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12948","article-title":"Subchondral bone microdamage accumulation in distal metacarpus of Thoroughbred racehorses","volume":"50","author":"Whitton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4389","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.02518","article-title":"Effect of speed on stride parameters in racehorses at gallop in field conditions","volume":"209","author":"Witte","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1294\/jes1990.3.143","article-title":"Relationships between stride frequency, stride length, step length and velocity with asymmetric gaits in the thoroughbred horse","volume":"3","author":"Yamanobe","year":"1992","journal-title":"Japanese J. Equine Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.78.BJR-2018-0025.R1","article-title":"Standardizing compression testing for measuring the stiffness of human bone","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751616120304744?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751616120304744?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T22:33:41Z","timestamp":1761690821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1751616120304744"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S1751616120304744"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-6161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-6161","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Fatigue behavior of subchondral bone under simulated physiological loads of equine athletic training","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103920","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103920"}}