{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T22:34:04Z","timestamp":1787610844332,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629244800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":290,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000183","name":"Army Research Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W911NF-16-1-0208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911NF-16-1-0208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000183","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000183","name":"Army Research Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W911NF-19-1-0347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911NF-19-1-0347"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000183","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000183","name":"Army Research Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["911NF-16-1-0208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["911NF-16-1-0208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000183","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000183","name":"Army Research Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["911NF-19-1-0347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["911NF-19-1-0347"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000183","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA9550-12-1-0249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA9550-12-1-0249"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA9550-19-1-0286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA9550-19-1-0286"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,26]],"date-time":"2020-07-26T01:27:32Z","timestamp":1595726852000},"page":"103991","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Radular stylus of Cryptochiton stelleri: A multifunctional lightweight and flexible fiber-reinforced composite"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Pohl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven A.","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5462-5434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Restrepo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Negishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6773-3730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae-Young","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Salinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Wuhrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Yoshino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"McKittrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Arakaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0551-5284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michiko","family":"Nemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Zavattieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kisailus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2017.03.071","article-title":"Dynamic behaviour of composite adhesive joints for the automotive industry","volume":"171","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compos. Struct."},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.059451","article-title":"Flexural stiffness of feather shafts: geometry rules over material properties","volume":"215","author":"Bachmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1080\/01694243.2016.1229842","article-title":"Effect of material on the mechanical behaviour of adhesive joints for the automotive industry","volume":"31","author":"Banea","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Adhes. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2018.06.009","article-title":"Multi-material adhesive joints for automotive industry","volume":"151","author":"Banea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compos. B Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5193(88)80122-X","article-title":"Bone curvature: sacrificing strength for load predictability?","volume":"131","author":"Bertram","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib6","series-title":"Structural Interfaces and Attachments in Biology","first-page":"388","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3390\/act6030023","article-title":"Flexible medical devices: review of controllable stiffness solutions","volume":"6","author":"Blanc","year":"2017","journal-title":"Actuators"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib8","series-title":"Advanced Topics in Biomineralization","article-title":"The chiton radula: a unique model for biomineralization studies","author":"Brooker","year":"2012"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1177\/002199838401800601","article-title":"Residual strength prediction of impacted CFRP laminates","volume":"18","author":"Caprino","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Compos. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib10","series-title":"Composite Materials: Science and Applications","first-page":"371","author":"Chung","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2007.10.082","article-title":"Functionally graded Nylon-11\/silica nanocomposites produced by selective laser sintering","volume":"487","author":"Chung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. A"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-018-0022-y","article-title":"Biomedical applications of soft robotics","volume":"3","author":"Cianchetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mater"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1179\/1743284714Y.0000000618","article-title":"Characterisation of materials: determining density using X-ray microtomography","volume":"31","author":"Davis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2017.11.010","article-title":"Real-time observations of tooth demineralization in 3 dimensions using X-ray microtomography","volume":"69","author":"Davis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2009.05.043","article-title":"Functional grading of mineral and collagen in the attachment of tendon to bone","volume":"97","author":"Genin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/0969-806X(93)90326-P","article-title":"X-ray attenuation coefficients: current state of knowledge and availability","volume":"41","author":"Gerward","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiat. Phys. Chem."},{"issue":"1870","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib17","first-page":"1557","article-title":"Biological attachment devices: exploring nature's diversity for biomimetics","volume":"366","author":"Gorb","year":"2008","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences"},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib18","article-title":"Elastic inflatable Actuators for soft robotic applications","volume":"29","author":"Gorissen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3207","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201400559","article-title":"Crustacean-derived biomimetic components and nanostructured composites","volume":"10","author":"Grunenfelder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6093","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201401091","article-title":"Stress and damage mitigation from oriented nanostructures within the radular teeth of Cryptochiton stelleri","volume":"24","author":"Grunenfelder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1080\/14686996.2018.1431862","article-title":"3D printing for soft robotics - a review","volume":"19","author":"Gul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib22","first-page":"60","article-title":"The insect exoskeleton: a natural structural composite","volume":"41","author":"Gunderson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Occup. Med."},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.08.031","article-title":"The tooth attachment mechanism defined by structure, chemical composition and mechanical properties of collagen fibers in the periodontium","volume":"28","author":"Ho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2011.05.004","article-title":"Assembly system design and operations for product variety","volume":"60","author":"Hu","year":"2011","journal-title":"CIRP Annals"},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901561","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201901561","article-title":"Multiscale toughening mechanisms in biological materials and bioinspired designs","volume":"31","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0370-1573(81)90014-4","article-title":"X-ray attenuation coefficients of elements and mixtures","volume":"70","author":"Jackson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Phys. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib27","first-page":"686","volume":"vol. XVII","author":"Kar","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2018.01.011","article-title":"Development of design allowables for the design of composite bonded double-lap joints in aerospace applications","volume":"82","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Adhesion Adhes."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2013.03.002","article-title":"Soft robotics: a bioinspired evolution in robotics","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-821X(79)90168-7","article-title":"Mineralization and magnetization of chiton teeth: paleomagnetic, sedimentologic, and biologic implications of organic magnetite","volume":"44","author":"Kirschvink","year":"1979","journal-title":"Earth Planet Sci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib31","series-title":"Leichtbau-Konstruktion","first-page":"532","author":"Klein","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-3538(00)00228-1","article-title":"Microhardness studies on functionally graded polymer composites","volume":"61","author":"Krumova","year":"2001","journal-title":"Compos. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2005.08.033","article-title":"Failure of aerospace composite scarf-joints subjected to uniaxial compression","volume":"412","author":"Kumar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib34","series-title":"On Biomineralization","first-page":"336","author":"Lowenstam","year":"1989"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4687(199610)230:1<33::AID-JMOR3>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"The junction zone: initial site of mineralization in radula teeth of the chiton Cryptoplax striata (Mollusca: polyplacophora)","volume":"230","author":"Macey","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Morphol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib36","series-title":"Fiber-reinforced Composites: Materials, Manufacturing, and Design","first-page":"640","author":"Mallick","year":"2007"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2016.2582718","article-title":"Stiffening in soft robotics: a review of the state of the art","volume":"23","author":"Manti","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2015.05.006","article-title":"Joining of dissimilar materials","volume":"64","author":"Martinsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"CIRP Annals"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.2307\/2656647","article-title":"Theoretical aspects of surface-to-volume ratios and water-storage capacities of succulent shoots","volume":"87","author":"Mauseth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"issue":"4610","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1038\/181699a0","article-title":"Carbohydrases in the sugar-gland juice of Cryptochiton (Polyplacophora, mollusca)","volume":"181","author":"Meeuse","year":"1958","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2007.05.002","article-title":"Biological materials: structure and mechanical properties","volume":"53","author":"Meyers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"issue":"6121","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1220854","article-title":"Structural biological materials: critical mechanics-materials connections","volume":"339","author":"Meyers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.93.10.1455","article-title":"Biomimetics and technical textiles: solving engineering problems with the help of nature's wisdom","volume":"93","author":"Milwich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7947","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712150105","article-title":"Characterization of the structure-function relationship at the ligament-to-bone interface","volume":"105","author":"Moffat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5455","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201502403","article-title":"Structural design elements in biological materials: application to bioinspiration","volume":"27","author":"Naleway","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2890","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201100473","article-title":"Proteomic analysis from the mineralized radular teeth of the giant Pacific chiton, Cryptochiton stelleri (Mollusca)","volume":"12","author":"Nemoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib47","series-title":"Magnetite Biomineralization and Magnetoreception in Organisms. A New Biomagnetism","article-title":"Biomineralization processes of the radula teeth of chitons","author":"Nesson","year":"1996"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1557\/jmr.2009.0096","article-title":"Critical issues in making small-depth mechanical property measurements by nanoindentation with continuous stiffness measurement","volume":"24","author":"Pharr","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-5093(03)00580-X","article-title":"Functionally graded materials for biomedical applications","volume":"362","author":"Pompe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.72.1.251","article-title":"Mechanical properties of primary feathers from the pigeon","volume":"72","author":"Purslow","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2018.04.071","article-title":"The enhancement of adhesively-bonded aerospace-grade composite joints using steel fibres","volume":"198","author":"Quan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compos. Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib52","series-title":"Between Pacific Tides","first-page":"680","author":"Ricketts","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2017.03.012","article-title":"Adhesive joints with improved mechanical properties for aerospace applications","volume":"75","author":"Scarselli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Adhesion Adhes."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpvp.2004.09.007","article-title":"Mechanical and thermal stresses of a functionally graded circular hollow cylinder with finite length","volume":"82","author":"Shao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Pres. Ves. Pip."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1086\/BBLv218n2p132","article-title":"Tooth use and wear in three iron-biomineralizing mollusc species","volume":"218","author":"Shaw","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Bull."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10705","article-title":"The chiton stylus canal: an element delivery pathway for tooth cusp biomineralization","volume":"270","author":"Shaw","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Morphol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib57","series-title":"Soft Robotic Grippers. Advanced Materials","author":"Shintake","year":"2018"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1002\/pen.760291903","article-title":"Joining methods for plastics and plastic composites: an overview","volume":"29","author":"Stokes","year":"1989","journal-title":"Polym. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.05.022","article-title":"A lightweight, biological structure with tailored stiffness: the feather vane","volume":"41","author":"Sullivan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"issue":"5526","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1059716","article-title":"Graded materials for resistance to contact deformation and damage","volume":"292","author":"Suresh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib61","series-title":"Structural Interfaces and Attachments in Biology","first-page":"3","article-title":"The challenge of attaching dissimilar materials","author":"Thomopoulos","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(03)0057-3","article-title":"Variation of biomechanical, structural, and compositional properties along the tendon to bone insertion site","volume":"21","author":"Thomopoulos","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5320(67)80015-7","article-title":"Ultrastructure and development of iron mineralization in the radular teeth of Cryptochiton stelleri (mollusca)","volume":"17","author":"Towe","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Ultra. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mspro.2014.07.442","article-title":"Functionally graded composite materials: an overview","volume":"5","author":"Udupa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia Materials Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-4931(99)00129-0","article-title":"Radular teeth as models for the improvement of industrial cutting devices","volume":"7","author":"van der Wal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asd.2004.05.006","article-title":"Design and mechanical properties of insect cuticle","volume":"33","author":"Vincent","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthropod Struct. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib66","series-title":"Mechanical Design in Organisms","first-page":"423","author":"Wainwright","year":"1982"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-018-0002-2","article-title":"3D printing of soft robotic systems","volume":"3","author":"Wallin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mater"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2908","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201202894","article-title":"Phase transformations and structural developments in the radular teeth of Cryptochiton stelleri","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"6086","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1218764","article-title":"The stomatopod dactyl club: a formidable damage-tolerant biological hammer","volume":"336","author":"Weaver","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-7021(10)70016-X","article-title":"Analysis of an ultra hard magnetic biomineral in chiton radular teeth","volume":"13","author":"Weaver","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6835","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201600786","article-title":"A sinusoidally architected helicoidal biocomposite","volume":"28","author":"Yaraghi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991_bib72","first-page":"S224","article-title":"Lightweight design of mechanical structures based on structural bionic methodology","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2010","journal-title":"JBE"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751616120305439?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751616120305439?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T22:40:08Z","timestamp":1778625608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1751616120305439"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":73,"alternative-id":["S1751616120305439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-6161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-6161","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Radular stylus of Cryptochiton stelleri: A multifunctional lightweight and flexible fiber-reinforced composite","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103991","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103991"}}