{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:11:21Z","timestamp":1793225481402,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T12:53:39Z","timestamp":1603716819000},"page":"104155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Biomechanics of the keratoconic cornea: Theory, segmentation, pressure distribution, and coupled FE-optimization algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Seyed Mohammadali","family":"Rahmati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Razaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Karimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2132368","article-title":"Biomechanical modeling of refractive corneal surgery","volume":"128","author":"Alastru\u00e9","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng. Feb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2006.06.025","article-title":"Corneal-thickness spatial profile and corneal-volume distribution: tomographic indices to detect keratoconus","volume":"32","author":"Ambr\u00f3sio","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121486","article-title":"Coupled biomechanical response of the cornea assessed by non-contact tonometry. A simulation study","volume":"10","author":"Ariza-Gracia","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-015-1426-0","article-title":"Automatized patient-specific methodology for numerical determination of biomechanical corneal response","volume":"44","author":"Ariza-Gracia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2016.12.013","article-title":"A predictive tool for determining patient-specific mechanical properties of human corneal tissue","volume":"317","author":"Ariza-Gracia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.141.5.1277","article-title":"Lumican regulates collagen fibril assembly: skin fragility and corneal opacity in the absence of lumican","volume":"141","author":"Chakravarti","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib7","first-page":"1478","article-title":"Connective tissue remodeling in corneal and scleral wounds","volume":"27","author":"Davison","year":"1986","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib8","first-page":"121","article-title":"Collagen fibril orientation in the human corneal stroma and its implication in keratoconus","volume":"38","author":"Daxer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.3.000473","article-title":"Dynamic OCT measurement of corneal deformation by an air puff in normal and cross-linked corneas","volume":"3","author":"Dorronsoro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomed. Optic Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2006.03.015","article-title":"Biomechanics and wound healing in the cornea","volume":"83","author":"Dupps","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04000.x","article-title":"Corneal elasticity and ocular rigidity in normal and keratoconic eyes","volume":"66","author":"Edmund","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2007.12.002","article-title":"Assessment of the epithelium's contribution to corneal biomechanics","volume":"86","author":"Elsheikh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3148462","article-title":"Assessment of the ocular response analyzer as a tool for intraocular pressure measurement","volume":"131","author":"Elsheikh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2012.09.006","article-title":"Stress free configuration of the human eye","volume":"35","author":"Elsheikh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01698-7","article-title":"Keratocyte density in keratoconus. A confocal microscopy study(a)","volume":"134","author":"Erie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2006.10.014","article-title":"A study of corneal thickness, shape and collagen organisation in keratoconus using videokeratography and X-ray scattering techniques","volume":"84","author":"Hayes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib17","series-title":"A Numerical Procedure for Viscoelastic Stress Analysis","author":"Herrmann","year":"1968"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-19960501-09","article-title":"Mechanical stability of the cornea after radial keratotomy and photorefractive keratectomy","volume":"12","author":"Hjortdal","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Refract. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s11043-018-9390-3","article-title":"Numerical and clinical investigation on the material model of the cornea in Corvis tonometry tests: differentiation between hyperelasticity and viscoelasticity","volume":"23","author":"Jannesari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mech. Time-Dependent Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2015.1077515","article-title":"Development and validation of a correction equation for Corvis tonometry","volume":"19","author":"Joda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4474","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612825666181224123939","article-title":"Biomechanics of the healthy and keratoconic corneas: a combination of the clinical data, finite element analysis, and artificial neural network","volume":"24","author":"Karimi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Pharmaceut. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2011.10.032","article-title":"Relationship between corneal biomechanical properties, central corneal thickness, and intraocular pressure across the spectrum of glaucoma","volume":"153","author":"Kaushik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1999.0719","article-title":"Keratocyte apoptosis associated with keratoconus","volume":"69","author":"Kim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104904","article-title":"Corneal viscoelastic properties from finite-element analysis of in vivo air-puff deformation","volume":"9","author":"Kling","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.2667","article-title":"Calibrating corneal material model parameters using only inflation data: an ill\u2010posed problem","volume":"30","author":"Kok","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.067","article-title":"Laser scanning in vivo confocal analysis of keratocyte density in keratoconus","volume":"115","author":"Ku","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.11.009","article-title":"A new methodology for the in vivo estimation of the elastic constants that characterize the patient-specific biomechanical behavior of the human cornea","volume":"48","author":"Lago","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2017.1405044","article-title":"Measurement of orbital biomechanical properties in patients with thyroid Orbitopathy using the dynamic Scheimpflug analyzer (Corvis ST)","volume":"43","author":"Leszczynska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2004.09.031","article-title":"Influence of corneal biomechanical properties on intraocular pressure measurement: quantitative analysis","volume":"31","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-1253","article-title":"Changes in collagen orientation and distribution in keratoconus corneas","volume":"46","author":"Meek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2018.05.019","article-title":"Axial mechanical and structural characterization of keratoconus corneas","volume":"175","author":"Mikula","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12579","article-title":"Clinical biomicroscopy and retinoscopy findings of keratoconus in a Middle Eastern population","volume":"101","author":"Naderan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Optom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-010-0237-3","article-title":"An inverse finite element method for determining the anisotropic properties of the cornea","volume":"10","author":"Nguyen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2007.04.021","article-title":"Corneal biomechanical properties in normal, post-laser in situ keratomileusis, and keratoconic eyes","volume":"33","author":"Ortiz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-005-0014-x","article-title":"A model for the human cornea: constitutive formulation and numerical analysis","volume":"5","author":"Pandolfi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2982251","article-title":"Three-dimensional modeling and computational analysis of the human cornea considering distributed collagen fibril orientations","volume":"130","author":"Pandolfi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2004.10.048","article-title":"Computational modeling of mechanical anisotropy in the cornea and sclera","volume":"31","author":"Pinsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4002934","article-title":"Patient-specific modeling of corneal refractive surgery outcomes and inverse estimation of elastic property changes","volume":"133","author":"Roy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-7825(87)90107-1","article-title":"On a fully three-dimensional finite-strain viscoelastic damage model: formulation and computational aspects","volume":"60","author":"Simo","year":"1987","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmps.2016.04.012","article-title":"Theoretical and numerical analysis of the corneal air puff test","volume":"93","author":"Simonini","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mech. Phys. Solid."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2015.04.010","article-title":"Air-puff associated quantification of non-linear biomechanical properties of the human cornea in vivo","volume":"48","author":"Sinha Roy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib41","first-page":"180","article-title":"Keratocytes: no more the quiet cells","volume":"69","author":"Snyder","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Optom. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2012.11.018","article-title":"Patient-specific finite-element simulation of the human cornea: a clinical validation study on cataract surgery","volume":"46","author":"Studer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib43","first-page":"1068","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of collagen fiber in keratoconus","volume":"94","author":"Takahashi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nippon. Ganka Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(02)00287-4","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases in disease and repair processes in the anterior segment","volume":"47","author":"Wong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2018.1447104","article-title":"Sensitivity of corneal biomechanical and optical behavior to material parameters using design of experiments method","volume":"21","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng."}],"container-title":["Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751616120306998?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751616120306998?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T22:39:26Z","timestamp":1761691166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1751616120306998"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S1751616120306998"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-6161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-6161","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Biomechanics of the keratoconic cornea: Theory, segmentation, pressure distribution, and coupled FE-optimization algorithm","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104155","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104155"}}