{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T21:12:19Z","timestamp":1788469939901,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CN00000023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CN00000023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T00:00:44Z","timestamp":1766448044000},"page":"107314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Structural finite element analysis of the lumbar spine applied to the conceptual design of a compliant interbody cage implant"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"175","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0737-2443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Cortis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Agostinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2959-1014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Cortese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-6041\/3\/4\/044101","article-title":"Comparison of the load-sharing characteristics between pedicle-based dynamic and rigid rod devices","volume":"3","author":"Ahn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2025.124236","article-title":"Automated finite element modeling of the lumbar spine: a biomechanical and clinical approach to spinal load distribution and stress analysis","volume":"201","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2025","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.11.030","article-title":"Model and in vivo studies on human trunk load partitioning and stability in isometric forward flexions","volume":"39","author":"Arjmand","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000146457.83240.eb","article-title":"Lumbar disc degeneration: epidemiology and genetic influences","volume":"29","author":"Battie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.749914","article-title":"Stability evaluation of different oblique lumbar interbody fusion constructs in normal and osteoporotic condition - a finite element based study","volume":"9","author":"Bereczki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib6","series-title":"Orthoload","author":"Bergmann","year":"2008"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199208000-00007","article-title":"A universal model of the lumbar back muscles in the upright position","volume":"17","author":"Bogduk","year":"1992","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2017.01.013","article-title":"Chronic low back pain after lumbosacral fracture due to sagittal and frontal vertebral imbalance","volume":"103","author":"Boyoud-Garnier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthop. Traumatol. Surg. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181a136ab","article-title":"Adjacent segment mobility after rigid and semirigid instrumentation of the lumbar spine","volume":"34","author":"Cakir","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4533(01)00076-5","article-title":"Stress analysis of the disc adjacent to interbody fusion in lumbar spine","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-009-9053-8","article-title":"Comparison of low back fusion techniques: transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) or posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) approaches","volume":"2","author":"Cole","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Rev. Musculoskelet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engfracmech.2009.02.006","article-title":"The effect of stress invariants on ductile fracture limit in steels","volume":"76","author":"Coppola","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eng. Fract. Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3645","DOI":"10.3390\/app15073645","article-title":"Effective ductile fracture characterization of 17-4PH and Ti6Al4V by shear\u2013tension tests: experiments and damage models calibration","volume":"15","author":"Cortis","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002534","article-title":"Lumbar interbody fusion: a historical overview and a future perspective","volume":"43","author":"de Kunder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.07.039","article-title":"Biomechanical comparison between fusion of two vertebrae and implantation of an artificial intervertebral disc","volume":"39","author":"Denozi\u00e8re","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.04.002","article-title":"Comparison of eight published static finite element models of the intact lumbar spine: pre-dictive power of models improves when combined together","volume":"47","author":"Dreischarf","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-011-0801-8","article-title":"Biomechanical comparison of fusionless growth modulation corrective techniques in pediatric scoliosis","volume":"49","author":"Driscoll","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Biol. Eng. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12018-015-9201-1","article-title":"FEA to measure bone strength: a review","volume":"14","author":"Engelke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Rev. Bone. Miner. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.03.150","article-title":"The role of posterior screw fixation in single-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion during whole body vibration: a finite element study","volume":"114","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00098-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of low back pain, 1990-2020, its attributable risk factors, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"5","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(01)00072-0","article-title":"A finite element analysis of hollow stemmed hip prostheses as a means of reducing stress shielding of the femur","volume":"34","author":"Gross","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib23","series-title":"Handbook of Compliant Mechanisms","author":"Howell","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s12008-012-0167-7","article-title":"Finite element analysis of two total knee joint prostheses","volume":"7","author":"Ingrassia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/753470","article-title":"Dynamic stabilization for challenging lumbar degenerative diseases of the spine: a review of the literature","author":"Kaner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Orthop."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2014.936858","article-title":"Effect of disc degeneration on the muscle recruitment pattern in upright posture: a computational analysis","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Engin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198205000-00015","article-title":"Instability of the lumbar spine","volume":"165","author":"Kirkaldy-Willis","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-197812000-00004","article-title":"Pathology and pathogenesis of lumbar spondylosis and stenosis","volume":"3","author":"Kirkaldy-Willis","year":"1978","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"10294","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00733-9","article-title":"Low back pain","volume":"398","author":"Knezevic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib30","series-title":"Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials, Rapid Prototyping of Biomaterials","first-page":"289","article-title":"10 - rapid prototyping technology for bone regeneration","author":"Kundu","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib31","series-title":"A Variable Stiffness Elbow Joint for Upper Limb Prosthesis","first-page":"7327","author":"Lemerle","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07322-3","article-title":"Determining a relative total lumbar range of motion to alleviate adjacent segment degeneration after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a finite element analysis","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Muscoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfatigue.2015.12.003","article-title":"Critical assessment of the fatigue performance of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V and perspective for future research","volume":"85","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Fatig."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib34","first-page":"155","article-title":"Artroplastica vertebrale: stato dell\u2019arte della chirurgia protesica cervicale e lombare. Artificial disc technology in spinal surgery","volume":"33","author":"Logroscino","year":"2007","journal-title":"GIOT"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411913501293","article-title":"Strain changes on the cortical shell of vertebral bodies due to spine ageing: a parametric study using a finite element model evaluated by strain measurements","volume":"227","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. H."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199611150-00006","article-title":"Do bending, twisting, and diurnal fluid changes in the disc affect the propensity to prolapse? A viscoelastic finite element model","volume":"21","author":"Lu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200002150-00016","article-title":"Low back pain in relation to lumbar disc degeneration","volume":"25","author":"Luoma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"2021","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib38","article-title":"Effect of pedicle screw angles on the fracture risk of the human vertebra: a patient-specific computational model","volume":"116","author":"Molinari","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib39","first-page":"170","article-title":"The mechanical properties of collagen fibres: stress-strain curves","volume":"44","author":"Morgan","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Soc Leather Trades\u2019 Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00426175","article-title":"Lumbar disc degeneration and segmental instability: a comparison of magnetic resonance images and plain radiographs of patients with low back pain","volume":"113","author":"Murata","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2017.01.037","article-title":"Biomechanics of the human intervertebral disc: a review of testing techniques and results","volume":"69","author":"Newell","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.08.26","article-title":"Artificial disc replacement in spine surgery","volume":"7","author":"Othman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib43","first-page":"19","article-title":"Modeling and stress analyses of a normal foot-ankle and a prosthetic foot-ankle complex","volume":"15","author":"Ozen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Bioeng. Biomech."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2015.58.5.401","article-title":"Total disc replacement in lumbar degenerative disc diseases","volume":"58","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Korean Neurosurg. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000137069.88904.03","article-title":"Adjacent segment disease after lumbar or lumbosacral fusion: review of the literature","volume":"29","author":"Park","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1570114","article-title":"The use of finite element analysis to enhance research and clinical practice in orthopedics","volume":"29","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Knee Surg."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(92)90290-H","article-title":"Biomechanical properties of human lumbar spine ligaments","volume":"25","author":"Pintar","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-022-02750-6","article-title":"Biomechanical and clinical studies on lumbar spine fusion surgery: a review","volume":"61","author":"Pradeep","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med. Biol. Eng. Comput."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(97)00018-1","article-title":"Finite element models in tissue mechanics and orthopaedic implant design","volume":"12","author":"Prendergast","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-0942-x","article-title":"A numerical study to determine the effect of ligament stiffness on kinematics of the lumbar spine during flexion","volume":"17","author":"Putzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Muscoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.03.020","article-title":"Adjacent segment disease in the lumbar spine following different treatment interventions","volume":"13","author":"Radcliff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1386-x","article-title":"A probabilistic finite element analysis of the stresses in the augmented vertebral body after vertebroplasty","volume":"19","author":"Rohlmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2011.12.008","article-title":"Hyperelastic mechanical behavior of chitosan hydrogels for nucleus pulposus replacement-experimental testing and constitutive modeling","volume":"8","author":"Sasson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib54","series-title":"Atlas of Anatomy","author":"Sch\u00fcnke","year":"2020"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(86)90009-6","article-title":"A finite element study of a lumbar motion segment subjected to pure sagittal plane moments","volume":"19","author":"Shirazi-Adl","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198403000-00003","article-title":"Stress analysis of the lumbar disc-body unit in compression. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element study","volume":"9","author":"Shirazi-Adl","year":"1984","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2023.101189","article-title":"Total disc replacement devices: structure, material, fabrication, and properties","volume":"140","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/ar629","article-title":"Degeneration of the intervertebral disc","volume":"5","author":"Urban","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2758","article-title":"Cervical and lumbar spinal arthroplasty: clinical review","volume":"33","author":"Uschold","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib60","first-page":"145","article-title":"Fractures of the lumbar vertebral endplate in the etiology of low back pain: a hypothesis on the causative role of spinal compression in aspecific low back pain","volume":"52","author":"Van Die\u00ebn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/10255840600837074","article-title":"Application of the finite element method in dental implant research","volume":"9","author":"Van Staden","year":"2006","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Engin."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-020-09747-7","article-title":"History of spinal fusion: where we came from and where we are going","volume":"16","author":"Virk","year":"2020","journal-title":"HSS J.: the musculoskeletal journal of Hospital for Special Surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.7.SPINE23164","article-title":"A guide to finite element analysis models of the spine for clinicians","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib64","article-title":"Recent advancement in finite element analysis of spinal interbody cages: a review","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2024.122717","article-title":"The past, present, and the future of disc nucleus replacement. A systematic review of a large diversity of ideas and experiences","volume":"312","author":"Wilke","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198911000-00020","article-title":"Three-dimensional movements of the whole lumbar spine and lumbosacral joint","volume":"14","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1989","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib67","series-title":"Compliant Systems: Mechanics of Elastically Deformable Mechanisms, Actuators and Sensors","author":"Zentner","year":"2019"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24711","article-title":"Effect of stress-shielding-induced bone resorption on glenoid loosening in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib69","first-page":"21","article-title":"Application of finite element analysis in biomechanical research of degenerative diseases of lumbar spine","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Biosci. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1243\/09544119JEIM476","article-title":"Load- and displacement-controlled finite element analyses on fusion and non-fusion spinal implants","volume":"223","author":"Zhong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. H."}],"container-title":["Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751616125004308?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751616125004308?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T20:45:11Z","timestamp":1783025111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1751616125004308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["S1751616125004308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-6161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-6161","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Structural finite element analysis of the lumbar spine applied to the conceptual design of a compliant interbody cage implant","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2025.107314","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107314"}}