{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T11:48:10Z","timestamp":1777895290466,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,27]],"date-time":"2027-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1803686400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":302,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T08:59:10Z","timestamp":1772096350000},"page":"107382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["In silico mechanical evaluation of a liquid crystal elastomer-based biomimetic implant for the first metatarsophalangeal joint"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8062-837X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leila","family":"Rezaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Risheng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lyssa","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Rall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir H.","family":"Torbati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4119-8821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurelie","family":"Azoug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.01.012","article-title":"A new discrete element analysis method for predicting hip joint contact stresses","volume":"46","author":"Abraham","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4032413","article-title":"Metatarsal loading during gait\u2014a musculoskeletal analysis","volume":"138","author":"Al-Munajjed","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2953472","article-title":"Validation of finite element predictions of cartilage contact pressure in the human hip joint","volume":"130","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b4","first-page":"269","article-title":"Biomechanical topography of human articular cartilage in the first metatarsophalangeal joint","volume":"348","author":"Athanasiou","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.\u00ae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2016.06.022","article-title":"Viscoelasticity of the polydomain-monodomain transition in main-chain liquid crystal elastomers","volume":"98","author":"Azoug","year":"2016","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.3390\/polym7121539","article-title":"Tailoring hydrogel viscoelasticity with physical and chemical crosslinking","volume":"7","author":"Bartnikowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/aa6b15","article-title":"Biofabricated soft network composites for cartilage tissue engineering","volume":"9","author":"Bas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24610","article-title":"Hemiarthroplasty implants should have very low stiffness to optimize cartilage contact stress","volume":"38","author":"Berkmortel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res.\u00ae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b9","series-title":"Great toe hemiarthroplasty implant: Surgical technique","author":"BioPoly LLC","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b10","first-page":"159","article-title":"Biomechanical properties of human articular cartilage under compressive loads","volume":"41","author":"Boschetti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(84)90035-6","article-title":"A contact-coupled finite element analysis of the natural adult hip","volume":"17","author":"Brown","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.08.005","article-title":"Stress distributions and material properties determined in articular cartilage from MRI-based finite strains","volume":"44","author":"Butz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2010.04.007","article-title":"Surgical treatment of hallux rigidus using a metatarsal head resurfacing implant: mid-term follow-up","volume":"49","author":"Carpenter","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Foot Ankle Surg."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.02.030","article-title":"In vivo cartilage strain increases following medial meniscal tear and correlates with synovial fluid matrix metalloproteinase activity","volume":"48","author":"Carter","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19220","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19220","article-title":"In vivo articular cartilage deformation: noninvasive quantification of intratissue strain during joint contact in the human knee","volume":"6","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1053\/joca.2001.0424","article-title":"Depth-dependent compressive properties of normal aged human femoral head articular cartilage: relationship to fixed charge density","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsolstr.2024.112712","article-title":"Revealing the unusual rate-dependent mechanical behaviors of nematic liquid crystal elastomers","volume":"292","author":"Chung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Solids Struct."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4436","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.81.4436","article-title":"Slow stress relaxation in randomly disordered nematic elastomers and gels","volume":"81","author":"Clarke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200311000-00003","article-title":"Hallux rigidus: grading and long-term results of operative treatment","volume":"85","author":"Coughlin","year":"2003","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199506000-00008","article-title":"Rate of degeneration of human acetabular cartilage after hemiarthroplasty","volume":"77","author":"Dalldorf","year":"1995","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100716679979","article-title":"Midterm outcomes of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel hemiarthroplasty of the first metatarsophalangeal joint in advanced hallux rigidus","volume":"38","author":"Daniels","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2021.03.004","article-title":"Metallic hemiarthroplasty or arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint as treatment for hallux rigidus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"de Bot","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b23","volume":"vol. 250","author":"De Jeu","year":"2012"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b24","article-title":"Hallux rigidus: current concepts review and treatment algorithm with special focus on interposition arthroplasty","volume":"93","author":"Di Caprio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Bio Medica: Atenei Parm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2018.12.015","article-title":"Assessment of healthy trapeziometacarpal cartilage properties using indentation testing and contrast-enhanced computed tomography","volume":"61","author":"Dourthe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b26","series-title":"Anatomic human foot & lower extremity version 2.0 [3D model]","author":"DrGlassDPM","year":"2013"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2013.03.014","article-title":"Comparison of arthrodesis, resurfacing hemiarthroplasty, and total joint replacement in the treatment of advanced hallux rigidus","volume":"52","author":"Erdil","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Foot Ankle Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b28","volume":"vol. 264","author":"Ferry","year":"1980"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.90B10.20506","article-title":"A finite-element analysis study of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the hallux rigidus","volume":"90","author":"Flavin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Br. Vol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5605","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16165605","article-title":"The effects of different femoral component materials on bone and implant response in total knee arthroplasty: a finite element analysis","volume":"16","author":"Galas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Materials"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1318904","article-title":"Biomechanical analysis of the three-dimensional foot structure during gait: a basic tool for clinical applications","volume":"122","author":"Gefen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"826","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-69-826-968","article-title":"Foot axes and angles","volume":"69","author":"Gentili","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-010-1012-x","article-title":"First metatarsophalangeal hemiarthroplasty for hallux rigidus","volume":"34","author":"Giza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fas.2017.05.002","article-title":"Treatment of first metatarsophalangeal joint arthritis using hemiarthroplasty with a synthetic cartilage implant or arthrodesis: a comparison of operative and recovery time","volume":"24","author":"Glazebrook","year":"2018","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078000100104","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of foot problems in the continental united states: 1978\u20131979","volume":"1","author":"Gould","year":"1980","journal-title":"Foot Ankle"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.2.160031","article-title":"Hallux rigidus","volume":"2","author":"Ho","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev."},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b37","first-page":"11453","article-title":"Long-time stress relaxation in polyacrylate nematic liquidcrystalline elastomers","volume":"13","author":"Hotta","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Condens. Matter."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(01)00070-5","article-title":"Forces acting in the forefoot during normal gait\u2013an estimate","volume":"16","author":"Jacob","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b39","article-title":"Three-dimensional foot modeling and analysis of stresses in normal and early...","volume":"36","author":"Jacob","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Res. Dev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1243\/095441103765212712","article-title":"Mechanical anisotropy of the human knee articular cartilage in compression","volume":"217","author":"Jurvelin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part H: J. Eng. Med."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427S","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603520973240","article-title":"Assessment of native human articular cartilage: a biomechanical protocol","volume":"13","author":"Kabir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.10.016","article-title":"Indentation diagnostics of cartilage degeneration","volume":"16","author":"Kiviranta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v8.i5.364","article-title":"Hallux rigidus: how do I approach it?","volume":"8","author":"Lam","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Orthop."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.10.028","article-title":"In vivo tibiofemoral cartilage deformation during the stance phase of gait","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(1999)48:4<482::AID-JBM13>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"In vivo characterization of indentation stiffness of articular cartilage in the normal human knee","volume":"48","author":"Lyyra","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-020-00646-y","article-title":"Management of high-grade hallux rigidus: a narrative review of the literature","volume":"104","author":"Massimi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Musculoskelet. Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079101100505","article-title":"First metatarsophalangeal joint reaction forces during high-heel gait","volume":"11","author":"McBride","year":"1991","journal-title":"Foot Ankle"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100712460220","article-title":"Evidence-based analysis of the efficacy for operative treatment of hallux rigidus","volume":"34","author":"McNeil","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b49","series-title":"Hallux valgus workup","author":"Medscape","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1177\/1938640020943715","article-title":"Adverse events related to cartiva hemiarthroplasty of first metatarsal: an analysis of reports to the United States food and drug administration","volume":"15","author":"Metikala","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Spec."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6677","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27013-0","article-title":"Soft elasticity optimises dissipation in 3D-printed liquid crystal elastomers","volume":"12","author":"Mistry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3138202","article-title":"Biphasic creep and stress relaxation of articular cartilage in compression: theory and experiments","volume":"102","author":"Mow","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.OA.16.00011","article-title":"Partial resurfacing of the knee with the BioPoly implant: interim report at 2 years","volume":"2","author":"Nathwani","year":"2017","journal-title":"JBJS Open Access"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.03.014","article-title":"Performance of modified anatomic plates is comparable to proximal femoral nail, dynamic hip screw and anatomic plates: finite element and biomechanical testing","volume":"42","author":"Oken","year":"2011","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.04.008","article-title":"Wear and damage of articular cartilage with friction against orthopedic implant materials","volume":"48","author":"Oungoulian","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-025-01945-3","article-title":"Radiological approach to metatarsalgia in current practice: an educational review","volume":"16","author":"Palka","year":"2025","journal-title":"Insights Into Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b57","article-title":"A review of adverse events related to synthetic cartilage implant for the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint: An analysis of manufacturer and user facility device experience database from 2016 to 2023","author":"Radcliffe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg.: Tech. Rep. & Cases"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b58","article-title":"A review of adverse events related to synthetic cartilage implant for the first metatarsophalangeal joint: An analysis of manufacturer and user facility device experience database from 2016 to 2023","volume":"4","author":"Radcliffe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Surg.: Tech. Rep. Cases"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100030406","article-title":"Contact finite element stress analysis of the hip joint","volume":"3","author":"Rapperport","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b60","series-title":"Modeling the Coupling Between Viscoelasticity and Soft Elasticity in Nematic Liquid Crystal Elastomers","author":"Rezaei","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmps.2024.105612","article-title":"Coupling between viscoelasticity and soft elasticity in main-chain nematic liquid crystal elastomers","volume":"187","author":"Rezaei","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mech. Phys. Solids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b62","article-title":"Liquid crystal elastomers for orthopedic applications: Part I \u2013 comparative analysis of formulations and viscoelastic properties","author":"Rezaei","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.3390\/mi9080416","article-title":"Liquid crystal elastomer-based microelectrode array for in vitro neuronal recordings","volume":"9","author":"Rihani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10040-1278","article-title":"Patient reported outcome measure for cartiva synthetic cartilage replacement in advanced degenerative disease of the hallux metatarsophalangeal joint: a single surgeon series","volume":"10","author":"Rutnagur","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Foot Ankle Surg. (Asia Pacific)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6676","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27012-1","article-title":"Impact damping and vibration attenuation in nematic liquid crystal elastomers","volume":"12","author":"Saed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b66","article-title":"Synthesis of programmable main-chain liquid-crystalline elastomers using a two-stage thiol-acrylate reaction","volume":"107","author":"Saed","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp.: JoVE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.103757","article-title":"Biocompatible liquid-crystal elastomers mimic the intervertebral disc","volume":"107","author":"Shaha","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668030-00012","article-title":"Kinematics of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.","volume":"68","author":"Shereff","year":"1986","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2019.04.007","article-title":"First metatarsophalangeal joint space area decreases within 1 month after implantation of a polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel implant: a retrospective radiographic case series","volume":"58","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Foot Ankle Surg."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst14100859","article-title":"The role of liquid crystal elastomers in pioneering biological applications","volume":"14","author":"Shiralipour","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crystals"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.17.00032","article-title":"Clinical outcome following total joint replacement and arthrodesis for hallux rigidus: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Stevens","year":"2017","journal-title":"JBJS Rev."},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b72","first-page":"579","article-title":"Forces acting on the metatarsals during normal walking","volume":"129","author":"Stokes","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1279-1","article-title":"Viscoelastic properties of human and bovine articular cartilage: a comparison of frequency-dependent trends","volume":"17","author":"Temple","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"issue":"39","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7013","DOI":"10.1039\/C7SM01405H","article-title":"Liquid-crystal order during synthesis affects main-chain liquid-crystal elastomer behavior","volume":"13","author":"Traugutt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100180510","article-title":"Comparison of biomechanical and biochemical properties of cartilage from human knee and ankle pairs","volume":"18","author":"Treppo","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603516681133","article-title":"Development of a cartilage shear-damage model to investigate the impact of surface injury on chondrocytes and extracellular matrix wear","volume":"8","author":"Trevino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.74.041709","article-title":"Slow dynamics of shape recovery of disordered nematic elastomers","volume":"74","author":"Urayama","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E\u2014Statistical Nonlinear Soft Matter Phys."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.08.006","article-title":"An MRI-compatible loading device to assess knee joint cartilage deformation: Effect of preloading and inter-test repeatability","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4835","DOI":"10.1039\/C5PY00640F","article-title":"Programmed liquid crystal elastomers with tunable actuation strain","volume":"6","author":"Ware","year":"2015","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b80","volume":"vol. 120","author":"Warner","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2006.09.009","article-title":"Nonlinear finite element analysis for musculoskeletal biomechanics of medial and lateral plantar longitudinal arch of virtual Chinese human after plantar ligamentous structure failures","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Biomech."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(90)90312-Q","article-title":"Joint reaction forces at the first MTP joint in a normal elderly population","volume":"23","author":"Wyss","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2008.0637","article-title":"Current concepts review: hallux rigidus","volume":"29","author":"Yee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382_b84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/BTF.0b013e3182a2b350","article-title":"Polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel hemiarthroplasty of the great toe: technique and indications","volume":"12","author":"Younger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tech. Foot Ankle Surg."}],"container-title":["Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751616126000512?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751616126000512?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:47:58Z","timestamp":1777621678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1751616126000512"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["S1751616126000512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-6161"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-6161","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"In silico mechanical evaluation of a liquid crystal elastomer-based biomimetic implant for the first metatarsophalangeal joint","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2026.107382","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107382"}}