{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T04:52:17Z","timestamp":1772945537068,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["110-2314-B-182A-147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2314-B-182A-147"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["113-2314-B-182A-060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["113-2314-B-182A-060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001236","name":"Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001236","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004606","name":"Chang Gung Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG3P0171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3P0171"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T22:27:37Z","timestamp":1755037657000},"page":"259-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A retrospective cohort study of Mycobacterium kansasii complex pulmonary infections at a tertiary teaching hospital"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Yi-Chi","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsiu-Hui","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2015-355X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chong Kei","family":"Lao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7814-4723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeng-How","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nan-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Fu","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Po-Yen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shian-Sen","family":"Shie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Chi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang-Wei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shih-Hong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Liang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7915-0014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih-Wei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chung-Chi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1692-1707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jang-Jih","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Hsun","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Chih","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6710-3432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting-Shu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib1","article-title":"Necrotizing pneumonia in a patient with untreated Mycobacterium kansasii infection","volume":"27","author":"Toor","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.02097","article-title":"Mycobacterium kansasii subtype I is associated with clarithromycin resistance in China","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2020.05.019","article-title":"Nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease epidemiology in Taiwan: a systematic review","volume":"119","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2020.05.018","article-title":"Treatment of pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium kansasii","volume":"119","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-241662","article-title":"Huge cutaneous abscess and severe symptomatic hypercalcaemia secondary to Mycobacterium kansasii infection in an immunocompetent patient","volume":"14","author":"Vivatvakin","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.4.1001","article-title":"Mycobacterium kansasii bacteremia in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"21","author":"Parenti","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib7","article-title":"Non-tuberculous mycobacterial thoracic osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent host: a rare presentation of mycobacterium kansasii. BMJ case rep","volume":"15","author":"Becker","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1086\/378742","article-title":"Thrice-weekly clarithromycin-containing regimen for treatment of Mycobacterium kansasii lung disease: results of a preliminary study","volume":"37","author":"Griffith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2016.05.025","article-title":"Mycobacterium kansasii: a rare cause of brain abscess","volume":"353","author":"Onor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0047","article-title":"Case report: Disseminated Mycobacterium kansasii disease in a patient with anti-interferon-gamma antibody","volume":"101","author":"Kashihara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2011.02076.x","article-title":"Increased risk of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in asthmatic patients using long-term inhaled corticosteroid therapy","volume":"17","author":"Hojo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/23.4.363","article-title":"Human infection with atypical acid-fast organisms; report of two cases with pathologic findings","volume":"23","author":"Buhler","year":"1953","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200604-571ST","article-title":"An official ATS\/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases","volume":"175","author":"Griffith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12101249","article-title":"Molecular characterisation of M. kansasii isolates by whole-genome sequencing","volume":"12","author":"Rajendran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9020348","article-title":"Pathogenic determinants of the Mycobacterium kansasii complex: an unsuspected role for distributive conjugal transfer","volume":"9","author":"Tagini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00535-2020","article-title":"Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: an official ATS\/ERS\/ESCMID\/IDSA clinical practice guideline","volume":"56","author":"Daley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib17","first-page":"1048","article-title":"Short-course chemotherapy for pulmonary disease caused by mycobacterium kansasii. Am rev respir dis","volume":"128","author":"Ahn","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib18","first-page":"10","article-title":"Sulfonamide-containing regimens for disease caused by rifampin-resistant mycobacterium kansasii. Am rev respir dis","volume":"135","author":"Ahn","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/3.5.1035","article-title":"Treatment of pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium kansasii: recent experience with rifampin","volume":"3","author":"Pezzia","year":"1981","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.04.166","article-title":"Microbiological and clinical outcomes of treating non-mycobacterium avium complex nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"152","author":"Diel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2019.03.015","article-title":"Outcome of patients with and poor prognostic factors for Mycobacterium kansasii-pulmonary disease","volume":"151","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp238","article-title":"Clinical manifestations, antibiotic susceptibility and molecular analysis of Mycobacterium kansasii isolates from a university hospital in Taiwan","volume":"64","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2508(00)90129-3","article-title":"Molecular characterization of environmental mycobacterium strains by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism of hsp65 and by sequencing of hsp65, and of 16S and ITS1 rDNA","volume":"151","author":"Leclerc","year":"2000","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2015.12.009","article-title":"Proposal of a new method for subtyping of Mycobacterium kansasii based upon PCR restriction enzyme analysis of the tuf gene","volume":"84","author":"Baku\u0142a","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","article-title":"MEGA11: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 11","volume":"38","author":"Tamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00535-2020","article-title":"Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: an official ATS\/ERS\/ESCMID\/IDSA clinical practice guideline","volume":"56","author":"Daley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib27","series-title":"Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacteria, Nocardiae, and Other Aerobic Actinomycetess; Approved Standard","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib28","series-title":"Performance Standards for Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacteria, Nocardia spp., and Other Aerobic Actinomycetes","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00170-2018","article-title":"Treatment outcome definitions in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: an NTM-NET consensus statement","volume":"51","author":"van Ingen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202003-222CME","article-title":"Summary for clinicians: 2020 clinical practice guideline summary for the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease","volume":"17","author":"Kurz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib31","article-title":"Risk factors for developing Mycobacterium kansasii lung disease: a case-control study in Korea","volume":"98","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.15.0936","article-title":"Protein-calorie malnutrition, macronutrient supplements, and tuberculosis","volume":"20","author":"Koethe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Tubercul Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/0962-8479(95)90550-2","article-title":"Treatment of pulmonary disease caused by mycobacterium kansasii: results of 18 vs 12 months' chemotherapy","volume":"76","author":"Sauret","year":"1995","journal-title":"Tuber Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.04.020","article-title":"Impact of different subspecies on disease progression in initially untreated patients with Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease","volume":"27","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2017-210929","article-title":"Introducing the new BTS guideline: management of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD)","volume":"72","author":"Haworth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/3.5.1028","article-title":"Chemotherapy for pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium kansasii: efficacies of some individual drugs","volume":"3","author":"Ahn","year":"1981","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00834-19","article-title":"Antimycobacterial susceptibility testing of nontuberculous mycobacteria","volume":"57","author":"Brown-Elliott","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01475-21","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological characteristics of Mycobacterium kansasii pulmonary infections in China","volume":"10","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006_bib39","article-title":"Phylogenomic and genomic analysis reveals unique and shared genetic signatures of Mycobacterium kansasii complex species","volume":"10","author":"Machado","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microb Genom"}],"container-title":["Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1684118225001549?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1684118225001549?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T14:12:06Z","timestamp":1772892726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1684118225001549"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1684118225001549"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1684-1182"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1684-1182","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A retrospective cohort study of Mycobacterium kansasii complex pulmonary infections at a tertiary teaching hospital","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmii.2025.08.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Taiwan Society of Microbiology. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}