{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T11:24:34Z","timestamp":1787397874171,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jmirs.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:34:22Z","timestamp":1785414862000},"page":"102552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Is 3D\u2013CRT still a reasonable option for high\u2013grade gliomas in contact with the brainstem in the absence of IMRT\/VMAT?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Dalal M.","family":"AL\u2013Aqmar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Ahmed Ben","family":"Saud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"Jowhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Breaikh Almabrouk","family":"Alwoddi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma A.","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nouria Em.","family":"Eltayef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fadwa S. Ben","family":"Saied","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Makki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulsalam Bin","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1693-2406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamal M.","family":"AL\u2013Shareef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4103\/jrcr.jrcr_19_22","article-title":"Dosimetric comparative study of conformal radiation techniques in patients with glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"14","author":"Rather","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Radiat Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.32628\/IJSRST52310347","article-title":"Comparison of dose distribution to target volume and organs at risk using 3D CRT, IMRT, and VMAT techniques in glioblastoma cases","volume":"10","author":"Fuadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Sci Res Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.132138","article-title":"Glioblastoma multiforme: state of the art and future therapeutics","volume":"5","author":"Wilson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.09.004","article-title":"Survival comparison between glioblastoma multiforme and other incurable cancers","volume":"17","author":"Tran","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-025-02778-6","article-title":"Adaptive radiation therapy for glioblastoma: clinical efficacy and recurrence patterns","volume":"21","author":"Matsuyama","year":"2026","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meddos.2026.03.003","article-title":"Improved scalp sparing using 10 MV photons in glioblastoma radiotherapy combined with adjuvant tumor treating fields: a dosimetric comparison","author":"You","year":"2026","journal-title":"Med Dosim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.43.2674","article-title":"Phase III trial of chemoradiotherapy for anaplastic oligodendroglioma: long\u2013term results of RTOG 9402","volume":"31","author":"Cairncross","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106","article-title":"The 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary","volume":"23","author":"Louis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0009","first-page":"246","article-title":"Associations between central nervous system tumor diagnosis stage and survival and Medicaid enrollment among children, adolescents, and young adults","volume":"12","author":"Johnson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurooncol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-00447-z","article-title":"EANO guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of diffuse gliomas of adulthood","volume":"18","author":"Weller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.13906","article-title":"A dosimetric comparison of hyperArc therapy planning and volumetric modulated arc therapy planning in treating patients with glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"39","author":"Hong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vivo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0012","article-title":"Advancements in imaging and neurosurgical techniques for brain tumor resection: a comprehensive review","volume":"16","author":"Vadhavekar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-018-1105-z","article-title":"A retrospective dosimetry study of intensity\u2013modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: radiation\u2013induced brainstem injury and dose\u2013volume analysis","volume":"13","author":"Yao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.01.016","article-title":"Organs at risk in the brain and their dose\u2013constraints in adults and in children: a radiation oncologist\u2019s guide for delineation in everyday practice","volume":"114","author":"Scoccianti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6041","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.12954","article-title":"Technical advances in radiation therapy for brain tumors","volume":"38","author":"Scaringi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-016-1007-7","article-title":"Intensity\u2013modulated proton therapy, volumetric\u2013modulated arc therapy, and 3D conformal radiotherapy in anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma: a dosimetric comparison","volume":"192","author":"Adeberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/15330338251413154","article-title":"A unified planning platform comparison of VMAT, Helical Tomotherapy, and IMRT in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: dosimetric superiority and organ sparing analysis","volume":"25","author":"Hu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Technol Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.7785\/tcrt.2012.500341","article-title":"IMRT or 3D\u2013CRT in glioblastoma? A dosimetric criterion for patient selection","volume":"12","author":"Lorentini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Technol Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0019","first-page":"72","article-title":"Comparison of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy, and volumetric-modulated arc therapy in glioblastoma multiforme radiation therapy with EORTC target delineation","volume":"65","author":"\u0130bi\u0307\u015f","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Vehic Struct Syst (IJVSS)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14010063","article-title":"Radiation dose to critical cardiac structures from three\u2013dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D\u2013CRT), intensity\u2013modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) techniques for left\u2013sided breast cancer","volume":"14","author":"Konstantinou","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2015.12.003","article-title":"ESTRO\u2013ACROP guideline \"target delineation of glioblastomas\"","volume":"118","author":"Niyazi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2020.0052","article-title":"Central nervous system cancers, version 3.2020, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology","volume":"18","author":"Nabors","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2217\/cns-2020-0010","article-title":"Can 3D\u2013CRT meet the desired dose distribution to target and OARs in glioblastoma? A tertiary cancer center experience","volume":"9","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"CNS Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12748","article-title":"A dosimetric comparison of the use of equally spaced beam (ESB), beam angle optimization (BAO), and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in head and neck cancers treated by intensity modulated radiotherapy","volume":"20","author":"Leung","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0025","first-page":"1","article-title":"A dose\u2013volume\u2013based tool for evaluating and ranking IMRT treatment plans","volume":"5","author":"Miften","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0026","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dosimetric comparison of 3D\u2013conformal radiotherapy, volumetric modulated arc therapy, and h\u2013VMAT in left breast radiotherapy under free\u2013breathing and breath\u2013hold conditions","volume":"15","author":"Nair","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3009","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2022.23.9.3009","article-title":"Plan Quality Index\u2013An integrated dosimetric approach for Plan evaluation with consideration of quality of dose coverage to tumors and quality of organs\u2019 Sparing","volume":"23","author":"Krishnan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev: APJCP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0028","article-title":"International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements: ICRU Report 62","author":"Washigton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prescr Rec Report Photon Beam Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1120\/jacmp.v8i2.2390","article-title":"A new homogeneity index based on statistical analysis of the dose\u2013volume histogram","volume":"8","author":"Yoon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-011-0015-x","article-title":"The ICRU Report 83: prescribing, recording and reporting photon\u2013beam intensity\u2013modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)","volume":"188","author":"Hodapp","year":"2012","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol: Organ Dtsch Rontgenges"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2005.09.028","article-title":"Conformity index: a review","volume":"64","author":"Feuvret","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol* Biol* Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1002\/pro6.1072","article-title":"Analysis of different evaluation indexes for prostate stereotactic body radiation therapy plans: conformity index, homogeneity index and gradient index","volume":"3","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Precis Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpor.2014.10.010","article-title":"Integral dose: comparison between four techniques for prostate radiotherapy","volume":"20","author":"\u015alosarek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rep Pract Oncol Radiother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2023.05.003","article-title":"Comparison of photon versus electron for tumor bed boost radiotherapy post\u2013breast conserving surgery","volume":"54","author":"Al\u2013Shareef","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Imaging Radiat Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0035","article-title":"Assessment and comparison of 3D conformal radiotherapy with volumetric modulated arc therapy for preserving remaining brain volume in high-grade gliomas","volume":"17","author":"Singh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphy.2025.1632620","article-title":"Three\u2013dimensional conformal therapy vs. intensity modulated radiation therapy in GBM: survival, dosimetry, and side effects a systematic review and meta\u2013analysis","volume":"13","author":"Freihat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.5603\/rpor.110470","article-title":"Radiation-induced malignancies from simultaneous integrated boost-VMAT for oropharyngeal cancer delivered with four different fractionation schemes","volume":"31","author":"Mazonakis","year":"2026","journal-title":"Rep Pract Oncol Radiother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2022.23.6.2169","article-title":"3D\u2013CRT versus RapidArc in deep tempero\u2013parietal high grade gliomas: do we really need higher technology?","volume":"23","author":"Mashhour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev: APJCP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2022.110237","article-title":"Peripheral and surface dose assessment using diode and gafchromic EBT3 films dosimeters for different radiotherapy techniques","volume":"198","author":"Al\u2013Shareef","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiat Phys Chem"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1939865426003668?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1939865426003668?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T11:04:38Z","timestamp":1787396678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1939865426003668"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1939865426003668"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-8654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-8654","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Is 3D\u2013CRT still a reasonable option for high\u2013grade gliomas in contact with the brainstem in the absence of IMRT\/VMAT?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmir.2026.102552","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Canadian Association of Medical Radiation Technologists.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102552"}}