{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T09:08:14Z","timestamp":1784797694750,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"National University of Health Sciences","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,24]],"date-time":"2004-09-24T23:13:32Z","timestamp":1096067612000},"page":"449-456","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Spinal Manipulation Postepidural Injection for Lumbar and Cervical Radiculopathy: A Retrospective Case Series"],"prefix":"10.67400","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Dougherty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Bajwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanmarie","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Donald","family":"Dishman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"57152","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072080-00008","article-title":"Abnormal magnetic-resonance scans of the cervical spine in asymptomatic subjects. A prospective investigation","volume":"72","author":"Boden","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200109000-00002","article-title":"The value of magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine to predict low-back pain in asymptomatic subjects: a seven-year follow-up study","volume":"83","author":"Borenstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.80B1.7929","article-title":"MRI of cervical intervertebral discs in asymptomatic subjects","volume":"80","author":"Matsumoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199806010-00016","article-title":"Predictive signs of discogenic lumbar pain on magnetic resonance imaging with discography correlation","volume":"23","author":"Ito","year":"1998","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199901010-00011","article-title":"Differentiating lumbar disc protrusions, disc bulges, and discs with normal contour but abnormal signal intensity. Magnetic resonance imaging with discographic correlations","volume":"24","author":"Milette","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199909150-00009","article-title":"The clinical significance of the high-intensity zone on lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"24","author":"Rankine","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050124","article-title":"Extradural inflammation associated with annular tears: demonstration with gadolinium-enhanced lumbar spine MRI","volume":"8","author":"Saifuddin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199611150-00001","article-title":"A controlled biochemical and immunohistochemical study of human synovial-type (group II) phospholipase A2 and inflammatory cells in macroscopically normal, degenerated, and herniated human lumbar disc tissues","volume":"21","author":"Gronblad","year":"1996","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199310001-00022","article-title":"Pain and the nerve root. An interdisciplinary approach","volume":"18","author":"Hasue","year":"1993","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib10","unstructured":"Lundborg G. Structure and function of the intraneural microvessals as related to trauma, edema, formation, and nerve function. Annual Meeting American Society of Surgery Hand March 8-11, 1975. Englewood, CO: American Society of Surgery of Hand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200202150-00004","article-title":"The vascular pattern of the human dorsal root ganglion and its probable bearing on a compartment syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Parke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199508150-00013","article-title":"The role of inflammation in lumbar pain","volume":"20","author":"Saal","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199609150-00006","article-title":"The effects of mechanical compression and hypoxia on nerve root and dorsal root ganglia. An analysis of ectopic firing using an in vitro model","volume":"21","author":"Sugawara","year":"1996","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200201010-00009","article-title":"The role of mechanical deformation in lumbar radiculopathy: an in vivo model","volume":"27","author":"Winkelstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Primary afferents and inflammatory hyperexcitability","volume":"67","author":"Ren","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200003010-00002","article-title":"Injury to dorsal root ganglia alters innervation of spinal cord dorsal horn lamina involved in nociception","volume":"25","author":"Nakamura","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(86)90115-6","article-title":"Epidural steroid injections for low back pain and lumbosacral radiculopathy","volume":"24","author":"Benzon","year":"1986","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01982621","article-title":"Multiple control of inflammation by glucocorticoids","volume":"17","author":"Di Rosa","year":"1986","journal-title":"Agents Actions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200103010-00014","article-title":"Injection therapy for subacute and chronic benign low back pain","volume":"26","author":"Nelemans","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-200012000-00001","article-title":"Conservative treatment of sciatica: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Vroomen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib21","first-page":"697","article-title":"Epidurography and therapeutic epidural injections: technical considerations and experience with 5334 cases","volume":"20","author":"Johnson","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108145","article-title":"Effects of side-posture positioning and side-posture adjusting on the lumbar zygapophysial joints as evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging: a before and after study with randomization","volume":"23","author":"Cramer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1067\/mmt.2002.120422","article-title":"First prize: central motor excitability changes after spinal manipulation: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study","volume":"25","author":"Dishman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200010010-00015","article-title":"Spinal reflex attenuation associated with spinal manipulation","volume":"24","author":"Dishman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1067\/mmt.2001.118979","article-title":"Active range of motion in the cervical spine increases after spinal manipulation (toggle recoil)","volume":"24","author":"Whittingham","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-117-7-590","article-title":"Spinal manipulation for low-back pain","volume":"117","author":"Shekelle","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199709150-00012","article-title":"Conservative treatment of acute and chronic nonspecific low back pain. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of the most common interventions","volume":"22","author":"van Tulder","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(95)00124-7","article-title":"Efficacy of epidural steroid injections for low-back pain and sciatica: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials","volume":"63","author":"Koes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199608010-00007","article-title":"Manipulation and mobilization of the cervical spine. A systematic review of the literature","volume":"21","author":"Hurwitz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-4754(01)27922-6","article-title":"Treatment of cervical radiculopathy with flexion distraction","volume":"24","author":"Kruse","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib31","first-page":"177","article-title":"Chiropractic management and manipulative therapy for MRI documented cervical disk herniation","volume":"17","author":"Beneliyahu","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib32","first-page":"597","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging and clinical follow-up: study of 27 patients receiving chiropractic care for cervical and lumbar disc herniations","volume":"19","author":"Beneliyahu","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib33","first-page":"570","article-title":"Trunk exercise combined with spinal manipulative or NSAID therapy for chronic low back pain: a randomized, observer-blinded clinical trial","volume":"19","author":"Bronfort","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200104010-00020","article-title":"A randomized clinical trial of exercise and spinal manipulation for patients with chronic neck pain","volume":"26","author":"Bronfort","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200211010-00013","article-title":"Two-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial of spinal manipulation and two types of exercise for patients with chronic neck pain","volume":"27","author":"Evans","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/S1529-9430(02)00196-1","article-title":"Medication-assisted spinal manipulation","volume":"2","author":"Kohlbeck","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib37","series-title":"Low back pain: mechanism, diagnois and treatment","first-page":"261","author":"Cox","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib38","series-title":"Principles of neurology","first-page":"1386","article-title":"Principles of clinical myology: diagnosis and classification of muscle diseases\u2013general considerations","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1067\/mmt.2001.114359","article-title":"Chiropractic management of a patient with lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"24","author":"Snow","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib40","series-title":"Clinical biomechanics of spinal manipulation","first-page":"191","article-title":"The mechanical, neuromuscular, physiological effects produced by spinal manipulation","author":"Herzog","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199912010-00019","article-title":"The prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial in spine surgery: fact or fiction?","volume":"24","author":"Winter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198303000-00003","article-title":"Lumbar disc herniation. A controlled, prospective study with ten years of observation","volume":"8","author":"Weber","year":"1983","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199912050-00008","article-title":"Herniated cervical intervertebral discs with radiculopathy: an outcome study of conservatively or surgically treated patients","volume":"12","author":"Heckmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199903150-00021","article-title":"Outcome in patients with cervical radiculopathy. Prospective, multicenter study with independent clinical review","volume":"24","author":"Sampath","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7191.1122","article-title":"Low back pain: which is the best way forward?","volume":"318","author":"Samanta","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1990.tb03097.x","article-title":"Local corticosteroid application blocks transmission in normal nociceptive C-fibres","volume":"34","author":"Johansson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-136-3-200202050-00010","article-title":"Chiropractic: a profession at the crossroads of mainstream and alternative medicine","volume":"136","author":"Meeker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s005869900113","article-title":"Single-blind randomised controlled trial of chemonucleolysis and manipulation in the treatment of symptomatic lumbar disc herniation","volume":"9","author":"Burton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib49","first-page":"96","article-title":"Side posture manipulation for lumbar intervertebral disk herniation","volume":"16","author":"Cassidy","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib50","first-page":"622","article-title":"Rotary manipulation for cervical radiculopathy: observations on the importance of the direction of the thrust","volume":"20","author":"Hubka","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E287","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200107010-00013","article-title":"In vivo changes in the neuroforaminal size at flexion-extension and axial rotation of the cervical spine in healthy persons examined using kinematic magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"26","author":"Muhle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199407020-00001","article-title":"Kinematics of the cervical spine canal: changes with sagittal plane loads","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199611010-00002","article-title":"Anatomic changes of the spinal canal and intervertebral foramen associated with flexion-extension movement","volume":"21","author":"Inufusa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.1998.11740504","article-title":"Vertebral axial decompression therapy for pain associated with herniated or degenerated discs or facet syndrome: an outcome study","volume":"20","author":"Gose","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1994.81.3.0350","article-title":"Effects of vertebral axial decompression on intradiscal pressure","volume":"81","author":"Ramos","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib56","first-page":"618","article-title":"Manipulation under epidural anesthesia with corticosteroid injection: two case reports","volume":"20","author":"Aspegren","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib57","first-page":"605","article-title":"Manipulation under anesthesia combined with epidural steroid injection","volume":"17","author":"Ben-David","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199403000-00013","article-title":"Manual therapy with steroid injections\u2013a new approach to treatment of low back pain. A controlled multicenter trial with an evaluation by orthopedic surgeons","volume":"19","author":"Blomberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib59","first-page":"263","article-title":"The use of epidural steroid injection and manipulation on patients with chronic low back pain","volume":"20","author":"Nelson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib60","first-page":"53","article-title":"Chronic lumbosciatic syndrome treated by epidural injection and manipulation","volume":"209","author":"Warr","year":"1972","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677708994810","article-title":"Double blind evaluation of extradural methyl prednisolone for herniated lumbar discs","volume":"48","author":"Snoek","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199706053362303","article-title":"Epidural corticosteroid injections for sciatica due to herniated nucleus pulposus","volume":"336","author":"Carette","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161475404001289?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161475404001289?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T08:50:44Z","timestamp":1784796644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmpt.kglmeridian.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0161475404001289"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.06.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-4754"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-4754","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}}}