{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T09:10:04Z","timestamp":1784797804668,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"National University of Health Sciences","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,14]],"date-time":"2012-08-14T14:00:59Z","timestamp":1344952859000},"page":"614-621","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Quantification of Cavitation and Gapping of Lumbar Zygapophyseal Joints During Spinal Manipulative Therapy"],"prefix":"10.67400","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Gregory D.","family":"Cramer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.K.","family":"Raju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerrilyn","family":"Cambron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe A.","family":"Cantu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preetam","family":"Bora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Dexheimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ray","family":"McKinnis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam R.","family":"Habeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Selby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith D.","family":"Pocius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Gregerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"57152","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0005","first-page":"155","article-title":"The audible release associated with joint manipulation","volume":"18","author":"Brodeur","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2008.02.002","article-title":"The refractory period of the audible \u201ccrack\u201d after lumbar manipulation: a preliminary study","volume":"31","author":"Bereznick","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.30.4.348","article-title":"\u2018Cracking joints.\u2019 A bioengineering study of cavitation in the metacarpophalangeal joint","volume":"30","author":"Unsworth","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1067\/mmt.2000.108145","article-title":"Effects of side-posture positioning and side-posture adjusting on the lumbar zygapophysial joints as evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging: a before and after study with randomization","volume":"23","author":"Cramer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200211150-00008","article-title":"The effects of side-posture positioning and spinal adjusting on the lumbar Z joints: a randomized controlled trial with sixty-four subjects","volume":"27","author":"Cramer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2011.05.015","article-title":"Distribution of cavitations as identified with accelerometry during lumbar spinal manipulation","volume":"34","author":"Cramer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0035","series-title":"Cavitation studies of lumbar zygapophysial joints using vibration measurements","author":"Bora","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0040","series-title":"Principles and practice of chiropractic: an anthology","first-page":"326","author":"Janse","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0045","first-page":"149","article-title":"The facet syndrome","volume":"115","author":"Mooney","year":"1976","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0050","series-title":"Principles and practice of chiropractic","first-page":"225","article-title":"Interaction of spinal biomechanics and physiology","author":"Triano","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2010.08.002","article-title":"Zygapophysial joint adhesions following induced hypomobility","volume":"33","author":"Cramer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0060","first-page":"8","article-title":"Les menisques intervertebraux et le role possible dans les blocages vertebraux (translation)","volume":"1","author":"Kos","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/26.2.93","article-title":"Human zygapophyseal joint capsule and synovial fold innervation","volume":"26","author":"Giles","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000129024.95630.57","article-title":"Determining cavitation location during lumbar and thoracic spinal manipulation: is spinal manipulation accurate and specific?","volume":"29","author":"Ross","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0075","first-page":"150","article-title":"Basic science research in chiropractic: the state of the art and recommendations for a research agenda","volume":"20","author":"Brennan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(03)00048-0","article-title":"The audible pop is not necessary for successful spinal high-velocity thrust manipulation in individuals with low back pain","volume":"84","author":"Flynn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2005.11.005","article-title":"The audible pop from high-velocity thrust manipulation and outcome in individuals with low back pain","volume":"29","author":"Flynn","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2005.10.002","article-title":"Spinal manipulative therapy reduces inflammatory cytokines but not substance P production in normal subjects","volume":"29","author":"Teodorczyk-Injeyan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1340-16-5","article-title":"Enhancement of in vitro interleukin-2 production in normal subjects following a single spinal manipulative treatment","volume":"16","author":"Teodorczyk-Injeyan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chiropr Osteopat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2009.12.008","article-title":"The relationship of the audible pop to hypoalgesia associated with high-velocity, low-amplitude thrust manipulation: a secondary analysis of an experimental study in pain-free participants","volume":"33","author":"Bialosky","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0105","first-page":"185","article-title":"Outcomes research in chiropractic: the state of the art and recommendations for the chiropractic research agenda","volume":"20","author":"Nyiendo","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1067\/mmt.2002.126131","article-title":"Forces applied during manual therapy to patients with low back pain","volume":"25","author":"Chiradejnant","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(96)00172-8","article-title":"The biomechanics of low back injury: Implications on current practice in industry and the clinic","volume":"30","author":"McGill","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2006.09.003","article-title":"Basic science research related to chiropractic spinal adjusting: the state of the art and recommendations revisited","volume":"29","author":"Cramer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2003.12.014","article-title":"Does the adjustment cavitate the targeted joint? An investigation into the location of cavitation sounds","volume":"27","author":"Beffa","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0130","first-page":"65","article-title":"Analysis of zygapophyseal joint cracking during chiropractic manipulation","volume":"18","author":"Reggars","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2010.11.008","article-title":"Evaluating the relationship among cavitation, zygapophyseal joint gapping, and spinal manipulation: an exploratory case series","volume":"34","author":"Cramer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"lb1","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.25.1_supplement.lb1","article-title":"Morphometric differences of cavitating Z joints","volume":"25","author":"Cramer","year":"2011","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0145","series-title":"Chiropractic technique","first-page":"810","author":"Peterson","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2010.01.009","article-title":"Reliability of zygapophysial joint space measurements made from MRI scans of acute low back pain subjects: comparison of two statistical methods","volume":"33","author":"Cramer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3036","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012010-00011","article-title":"The effect of disc degeneration and facet joint osteoarthritis on the segmental flexibility of the lumbar spine","volume":"25","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-197901000-00001","article-title":"Mechanical properties of human lumbar spine motion segments. Influence of age, sex, disc level, and degeneration","volume":"4","author":"Nachemson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0165","series-title":"Handbook of fluid mechanics","first-page":"12.2","article-title":"Mechanics of cavitation","author":"Eisenberg","year":"1961"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007_bb0170","series-title":"Principles and practice of chiropractic","first-page":"197","article-title":"The pathophysiology of the zygapophysial joints","author":"Giles","year":"1992"}],"container-title":["Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161475412001200?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161475412001200?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T08:54:54Z","timestamp":1784796894000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmpt.kglmeridian.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0161475412001200"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.06.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-4754"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-4754","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]}}}