{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T09:10:23Z","timestamp":1784797823131,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"National University of Health Sciences","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,12]],"date-time":"2014-03-12T11:16:51Z","timestamp":1394623011000},"page":"143-154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The Comparative Effect of Episodes of Chiropractic and Medical Treatment on the Health of Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.67400","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Paula A","family":"Weigel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Hockenberry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne E.","family":"Bentler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredric D.","family":"Wolinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"57152","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.10.023","article-title":"Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with spinal manipulation and mobilization","volume":"8","author":"Bronfort","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1340-18-3","article-title":"Effectiveness of manual therapies: the UK evidence report","volume":"18","author":"Bronfort","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chiropr Osteopat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2011.01.036","article-title":"Supervised exercise, spinal manipulation, and home exercise for chronic low back pain: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"11","author":"Bronfort","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0020","article-title":"Supervised exercise with and without spinal manipulation perform similarly and better than home exercise for chronic neck pain: a randomized controlled trial","author":"Evans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2008.10.007","article-title":"Chiropractic management of low back pain and low back-related leg complaints: a literature synthesis","volume":"31","author":"Lawrence","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2010.11.002","article-title":"Spinal manipulation or mobilization for radiculopathy: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Leininger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S120","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31822ef878","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of exercise, acupuncture, and spinal manipulation for low back pain","volume":"36","author":"Standaert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31827733e7","article-title":"Adding chiropractic manipulative therapy to standard medical care for patients with acute low back pain: results of a pragmatic randomized comparative effectiveness study","volume":"38","author":"Goertz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2009.04.012","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial comparing 2 types of spinal manipulation and minimal conservative medical care for adults 55 years and older with subacute or chronic low back pain","volume":"32","author":"Hondras","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-7-200710020-00007","article-title":"Nonpharmacologic therapies for acute and chronic low back pain: a review of the evidence for an American Pain Society\/American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline","volume":"147","author":"Chou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.10.026","article-title":"What have we learned about the evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain?","volume":"8","author":"Haldeman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200210150-00002","article-title":"A randomized trial of medical care with and without physical therapy and chiropractic care with and without physical modalities for patients with low back pain: 6-month follow-up outcomes from the UCLA low back pain study","volume":"27","author":"Hurwitz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318202ac73","article-title":"A Cochrane review of combined chiropractic interventions for low-back pain","volume":"36","author":"Walker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E825","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182197fe1","article-title":"Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low-back pain: an update of a Cochrane review","volume":"36","author":"Rubinstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1177\/2156587212458435","article-title":"Evidence-based practice and chiropractic care","volume":"18","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1340-18-34","article-title":"A longitudinal study of chiropractic use among older adults in the United States","volume":"18","author":"Weigel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chiropr Osteopat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2012.01.011","article-title":"Chiropractic episodes and the co-occurrence of chiropractic and health services use among older Medicare beneficiaries","author":"Weigel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2010.04.001","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness research and the chiropractic profession","volume":"33","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1995.tb06236.x","article-title":"Measuring physical function in community-dwelling older persons: a comparison of self-administered, interviewer-administered, and performance-based measures","volume":"43","author":"Reuben","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-11-43","article-title":"Long-term declines in ADLs, IADLs, and mobility among older Medicare beneficiaries","volume":"11","author":"Wolinsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1983.tb03391.x","article-title":"Assessing self-maintenance: activities of daily living, mobility, and instrumental activities of daily living","volume":"31","author":"Katz","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2307\/2955359","article-title":"Self-rated health and mortality: a review of twenty-seven community studies","volume":"38","author":"Idler","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S344","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/50B.6.S344","article-title":"Self-ratings of health: do they also predict change in functional ability?","volume":"50","author":"Idler","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200105000-00004","article-title":"The association of late-life depression and anxiety with physical disability: a review of the literature and prospectus for future research","volume":"9","author":"Lenze","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53202.x","article-title":"The course of functional decline in older people with persistently elevated depressive symptoms: longitudinal findings from the Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"53","author":"Lenze","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2011.621703","article-title":"Why does self-rated health predict mortality? An update on current knowledge and a research agenda for psychologists","volume":"26","author":"Benyamini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0130","unstructured":"Healthy People 2020. In: Services USDoHaH, editor. Washington, DC: Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.08.008","article-title":"Chiropractic use and changes in health among older Medicare beneficiaries: a comparative effectiveness observational study","volume":"36","author":"Weigel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.2307\/146277","article-title":"An overview of the Health and Retirement Study","volume":"30","author":"Juster","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Human Resources"},{"issue":"Special","key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0145","article-title":"Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD): initial results from the longitudinal study","volume":"52B","author":"Myers","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Gerontol: Psych, Soc Sc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0150","series-title":"University of Michigan","author":"Health and Retirement Study (HRS), Data Description: Assets and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD)","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2004.08.003","article-title":"Efficacy of preventive spinal manipulation for chronic low-back pain and related disabilities: a preliminary study","volume":"27","author":"Descarreaux","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2004.02.008","article-title":"Dose-response for chiropractic care of chronic low back pain","volume":"4","author":"Haas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0165","unstructured":"RB Wallace AH, MB Ofstedal, D Steffick, S Fonda, K Lange. Health and Retirement Study (HRS), Documentation of Affective Functioning Measures in the HRS (2000), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, U01AG009740) NIoAgnN; 2000 Contract No.: DR-005."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0170","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Biostatistics [Internet]","article-title":"Health Care Utilization and Behavior, Models of. 2005","author":"Aday","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/2137284","article-title":"Revisiting the behavioral model and access to medical care: does it matter?","volume":"36","author":"Andersen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3697","article-title":"Balance diagnostics for comparing the distribution of baseline covariates between treatment groups in propensity-score matched samples","volume":"28","author":"Austin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19981015)17:19<2265::AID-SIM918>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Propensity score methods for bias reduction in the comparison of a treatment to a non-randomized control group","volume":"17","author":"D'Agostino","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841X08317586","article-title":"Weighting regressions by propensity scores","volume":"32","author":"Freedman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eval Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41","article-title":"The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects","volume":"70","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1053\/j.nainr.2009.12.010","article-title":"A primer on propensity score analysis","volume":"10","author":"Shadish","year":"2010","journal-title":"Newborn Infant Nurs Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2010.09.004","article-title":"Medicare part B claims for chiropractic spinal manipulation, 1998 to 2004","volume":"33","author":"Whedon","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2011.12.004","article-title":"Geographic variations in availability and use of chiropractic under Medicare","volume":"35","author":"Whedon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31825762b7","article-title":"Use of chiropractic spinal manipulation in older adults is strongly correlated with supply","author":"Whedon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.07.003","article-title":"Medicare's demonstration of expanded coverage for chiropractic services: limitations of the demonstration and an alternative direct cost estimate","volume":"36","author":"Weeks","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0225","unstructured":"Hosmer D, Lemeshow S. New York: Wiley; 1989."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.12.2111","article-title":"Patient attitudes, insurance, and other determinants of self-referral to medical and chiropractic physicians","volume":"93","author":"Sharma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199501150-00018","article-title":"Comparing the costs between provider types of episodes of back pain care","volume":"20","author":"Shekelle","year":"1995","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199508000-00008","article-title":"Factors associated with choosing a chiropractor for episodes of back pain care","volume":"33","author":"Shekelle","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med Care"}],"container-title":["Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161475414000323?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0161475414000323?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T08:55:35Z","timestamp":1784796935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jmpt.kglmeridian.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0161475414000323"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.12.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-4754"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-4754","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}}}