{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T23:07:00Z","timestamp":1782515220829,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,24]],"date-time":"2010-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":660,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Midwife Womens Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Obstetric fistula is a devastating complication of obstructed labor that affects more than two million women in developing countries, with at least 75,000 new cases every year. Prolonged pressure of the infant's skull against the tissues of the birth canal leads to ischemia and tissue death. The woman is left with a hole between her vagina and bladder (vesicovaginal) or vagina and rectum (rectovaginal) or both, and has uncontrollable leakage of urine or feces or both. It is widely reported in scientific publications and the media that women with obstetric fistula suffer devastating social consequences, but these claims are rarely supported with evidence. Therefore, the true prevalence and nature of the social implications of obstetric fistula are unknown. An integrative review was undertaken to determine the current state of the science on social implications of obstetric fistula in sub\u2010Saharan Africa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2008.09.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,4]],"date-time":"2009-03-04T10:14:28Z","timestamp":1236161668000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Social Implications of Obstetric Fistula: An Integrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Karen M.","family":"Roush","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldg015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.06.012"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Child\u2010bearing, health and social priorities: A survey of 22,774 consecutive births in Zaria, Northern Nigeria","volume":"92","author":"Harrison KA.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511800375"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-200507001-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","article-title":"The illiterate surgeon","author":"Kristof ND.","year":"2005","journal-title":"New York Times"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","unstructured":"United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Web site.UNFPA campaign to end fistula. The challenge of living with fistulaAvailable from:www.endfistula.orgliving_with_fistula.htm. [Accessed August 12 2008.]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2005.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","unstructured":"United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Web site.UNFPA & EngenderHealth. Obstetric fistula needs assessment report: Findings from nine African countriesAvailable from:http:www.unpa.orgfistuladocsfistula\u2010needs\u2010assessment.pdf. [Accessed May 15 2008.]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.4770100103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","first-page":"54","article-title":"Medico\u2010social problems of patients with vesico\u2010vaginal fistula in Murtala Mohammad Specialist Hospital, Kano","volume":"2","author":"Kabir M","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Afr Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932000013304"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","unstructured":"Women's Dignity Project Web site.Women's Dignity Project and EngenderHealth. Risk and resilience: Obstetric in TanzaniaAvailable from:www.womensdignity.orgpdfRiskandResilienceFistulareport.pdf. 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