{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:55:16Z","timestamp":1787496916827,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006686","name":"University of Miami","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008530","name":"University of Miami Leonard M Miller School of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroscience Methods"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T16:56:35Z","timestamp":1762534595000},"page":"110620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Impact of buccal and marginal mandibular branch transection on neuromuscular junction integrity in a rodent model of facial nerve paralysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"425","author":[{"given":"Barbara G.","family":"Marin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan L.","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Tejeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruby R.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant M.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria L.","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella G.","family":"Cozzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael M.","family":"Robbio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trinity","family":"Robbio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shekhar K.","family":"Gadkaree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8455-7188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Courtney M.","family":"Dumont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3791\/59224","article-title":"Facial nerve surgery in the rat model to study axonal inhibition and regeneration","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp. JoVE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.12.016","article-title":"Mechanical stimulation of paralyzed vibrissal muscles following facial nerve injury in adult rat promotes full recovery of whisking","volume":"26","author":"Angelov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00545.x","article-title":"Contralateral trigeminal nerve lesion reduces polyneuronal muscle innervation after facial nerve repair in rats","volume":"11","author":"Angelov","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.08.020","article-title":"Heat shock protein is a key therapeutic target for nerve repair in autoimmune peripheral neuropathy and severe peripheral nerve injury","volume":"91","author":"Asthana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain. Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41536-022-00233-8","article-title":"Clinically relevant small-molecule promotes nerve repair and visual function recovery","volume":"7","author":"Au","year":"2022","journal-title":"Npj Regen. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.11.2165","article-title":"Aberrant reinnervation of facial musculature in a subhuman primate","volume":"44","author":"Baker","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1395940","article-title":"Long-term functional recovery after facial nerve transection and repair in the rat","volume":"31","author":"Banks","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Reconstr. Microsurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib8","first-page":"E2011","article-title":"Human olfactory stem cells for injured facial nerve reconstruction in a rat model","volume":"38","author":"Batioglu-Karaaltin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Head. Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2022.0346","article-title":"Biodegradable nerve guide with glial cell line\u2013derived neurotrophic factor improves recovery after facial nerve injury in rats","volume":"25","author":"Bengur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Facial Plast. Surg. Aesthetic Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/08990220500262505","article-title":"Topography of whisking II: interaction of whisker and pad","volume":"22","author":"Bermejo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Somatosens. Mot. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1768-z","article-title":"Mechanisms controlling neuromuscular junction stability","volume":"72","author":"Bloch-Gallego","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci. CMLS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005572","article-title":"Facial nerve trauma: clinical evaluation and management strategies","volume":"143","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib13","article-title":"Delayed repair of the facial nerve and its negative impacts on nerve and muscle regeneration","volume":"30","author":"Bueno","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21143","article-title":"Paralysis elicited by spinal cord injury evokes selective disassembly of neuromuscular synapses with and without terminal sprouting in ankle flexors of the adult rat","volume":"500","author":"Burns","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1159\/000514994","article-title":"Neuroprotective Effect of Brimonidine against Facial Nerve Crush Injury in Rats via Suppressing GFAP\/PAF Activation and Neuroinflammation","volume":"83","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"ORL"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4395-11.2012","article-title":"Dynamic Correlation between Whisking and Breathing Rhythms in Mice","volume":"32","author":"Cao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib17","article-title":"Outcome measures of facial nerve regeneration: A review of murine model systems","volume":"227","author":"Chacon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Anat. Anat. Anz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23053","article-title":"Muscles Involved in Naris Dilation and Nose Motion in Rat","volume":"298","author":"Desch\u00eanes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ad749d","article-title":"Enhancing facial nerve regeneration with scaffold-free conduits engineered using dental pulp stem cells and their endogenous, aligned extracellular matrix","volume":"21","author":"Drewry","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3156","article-title":"Establishment of a facial nerve trunk crush injury model and evaluation of facial nerve self-healing in rats","volume":"13","author":"Fei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3886","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-05-03886.1995","article-title":"Contributing factors to poor functional recovery after delayed nerve repair: prolonged denervation","volume":"15","author":"Fu","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reth.2019.08.004","article-title":"Dedifferentiated fat cells in polyglycolic acid-collagen nerve conduits promote rat facial nerve regeneration","volume":"11","author":"Fujimaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Regen. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1372522","article-title":"Facial Nerve Trauma: Evaluation and Considerations in Management","volume":"8","author":"Gordin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Reconstr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1179\/016164104225013806","article-title":"Adaptive and maladaptive motor axonal sprouting in aging and motoneuron disease","volume":"26","author":"Gordon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5325","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6156-10.2011","article-title":"The Basis for Diminished Functional Recovery after Delayed Peripheral Nerve Repair","volume":"31","author":"Gordon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1002\/term.2669","article-title":"Electrophysiological Assessment of a Peptide Amphiphile Nanofiber Nerve Graft for Facial Nerve Repair","volume":"12","author":"Greene","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib27","first-page":"60","article-title":"Measuring nerve regeneration in the mouse","volume":"223","author":"Griffin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol. Regen. Peripher. Nerv. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.09.016","article-title":"Local stabilization of microtubule assembly improves recovery of facial nerve function after repair","volume":"209","author":"Grosheva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12061256","article-title":"Inflammation in the Peripheral Nervous System after Injury","volume":"12","author":"Gu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968310376058","article-title":"Improved functional recovery after facial nerve reconstruction by temporary denervation of the contralateral mimic musculature with botulinum toxin in rats","volume":"25","author":"Guntinas-Lichius","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurorehabil. Neural Repair"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000306107.70421.a4","article-title":"Impact of different types of facial nerve reconstruction on the recovery of motor function: an experimental study in adult rats","volume":"61","author":"Guntinas-Lichius","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.03877.x","article-title":"Factors limiting motor recovery after facial nerve transection in the rat: combined structural and functional analyses","volume":"21","author":"Guntinas-Lichius","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.1019554","article-title":"Pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of facial synkinesis: A systematic review and clinical practice recommendations by the international head and neck scientific group","volume":"13","author":"Guntinas-Lichius","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2013.430","article-title":"Quantitative histologic analysis of muscle micro-architecture following facial nerve injury in a rodent model","volume":"15","author":"Hadlock","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plast. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181c2a5ea","article-title":"Rodent facial nerve recovery after selected lesions and repair techniques","volume":"125","author":"Hadlock","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.01.038","article-title":"Rat whisker movement after facial nerve lesion: evidence for autonomic contraction of skeletal muscle","volume":"265","author":"Heaton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23232","article-title":"Terminal segment surgical anatomy of the rat facial nerve: implications for facial reanimation study","volume":"45","author":"Henstrom","year":"2012","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24117","article-title":"Epidemiology of iatrogenic facial nerve injury: a decade of experience","volume":"124","author":"Hohman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E283","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24542","article-title":"Etiology, diagnosis, and management of facial palsy: 2000 patients at a facial nerve center","volume":"124","author":"Hohman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000204319.37546.5F","article-title":"Nerve regeneration through nerve autografts and cold preserved allografts using tacrolimus (FK506) in a facial paralysis model: a topographical and neurophysiological study in monkeys","volume":"58","author":"Hontanilla","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988509300202","article-title":"Facial nerve grading system","volume":"93","author":"House","year":"1985","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Neck Surg."},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/116.3.633","article-title":"Congenital endplate acetylcholinesterase deficiency","volume":"116","author":"Hutchinson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib43","first-page":"157","article-title":"An animal model of type-1 herpes simplex virus infection of facial nerve","author":"Ishii","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta OtoLaryngol. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1159\/000147653","article-title":"Reinnervation by Axon Collaterals from single facial motoneurons to multiple muscle targets following axotomy in the adult Guinea pig","volume":"151","author":"Ito","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Anat. (Basel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.031","article-title":"Effect of polycaprolactone\/collagen\/hUCS microfiber nerve conduit on facial nerve regeneration","volume":"93","author":"Jang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.1133","article-title":"Changes in a rat facial muscle after facial nerve injury and repair","volume":"24","author":"Jergovi\u0107","year":"2001","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.160240","article-title":"NMJ-morph reveals principal components of synaptic morphology influencing structure\u2013function relationships at the neuromuscular junction","volume":"6","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24625","article-title":"Schwann cell guidance of nerve growth between synaptic sites explains changes in the pattern of muscle innervation and remodeling of synaptic sites following peripheral nerve injuries","volume":"527","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00071.2007","article-title":"Rapid and precise control of sniffing during olfactory discrimination in rats","volume":"98","author":"Kepecs","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1089\/fpsam.2020.0082","article-title":"Degree of self-reported facial impairment correlates with social impairment in individuals with facial paralysis and synkinesis","volume":"22","author":"Krane","year":"2020","journal-title":"Facial Plast. Surg. Aesthetic Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s40136-018-0200-x","article-title":"How best to manage facial synkinesis?","volume":"6","author":"Krane","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Otorhinolaryngol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(84)90207-0","article-title":"Endplate topography of denervated and disused rat neuromuscular junctions: Comparison by scanning and light microscopy","volume":"11","author":"Labovitz","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0000000000000062","article-title":"Update in Facial Nerve Paralysis: Tissue engineering and new technologies","volume":"22","author":"Langhals","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Otolaryngol. Head. Neck Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.266925","article-title":"Remnant neuromuscular junctions in denervated muscles contribute to functional recovery in delayed peripheral nerve repair","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI58675","article-title":"Accelerating axonal growth promotes motor recovery after peripheral nerve injury in mice","volume":"121","author":"Ma","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.2010.71","article-title":"A new model for facial nerve research","volume":"12","author":"Magill","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Facial Plast. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1136\/ewjm.173.4.266","article-title":"Bell\u2019s palsy","volume":"173","author":"Marson","year":"2000","journal-title":"West. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1002\/term.1540","article-title":"A polylactic acid non-woven nerve conduit for facial nerve regeneration in rats","volume":"8","author":"Matsumine","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib59","first-page":"43","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of the rat facial nerve","volume":"8","author":"Mattox","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Otol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2018.00085","article-title":"Innervation of the Nose and Nasal Region of the rat: implications for initiating the mammalian diving response","volume":"12","author":"McCulloch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neuroanat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3791\/51586-v","article-title":"Tissue triage and freezing for models of skeletal muscle disease","author":"Meng","year":"2014","journal-title":"JoVE J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib62","unstructured":"Mistry, R.K., Hohman, M.H., Al-Sayed, A.A., 2024. Facial Nerve Trauma, in: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1054\/bjps.2000.3441","article-title":"The influence of the donor nerve on the function and morphology of a mimic muscle after cross innervation: an experimental study in rabbits","volume":"53","author":"Nehrer-Tairych","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2012.697639","article-title":"Experimental model of facial paralysis by nerve compression in primates (Callithrix sp.): a new model of facial paralysis in small nonhuman primates","volume":"132","author":"Neiva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2016.1462","article-title":"Association among facial paralysis, depression, and quality of life in facial plastic surgery patients","volume":"19","author":"Nellis","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plast. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023280110386","article-title":"Differential effects of facial nerve transection on heat shock protein 70 expression in the developing and adult hamster facial nucleus","volume":"13","author":"Newfry","year":"1998","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30291","article-title":"A collagen-coated PGA conduit for interpositional-jump graft with end-to-side neurorrhaphy for treating facial nerve paralysis in rat","volume":"39","author":"Niimi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00225","article-title":"The mouse levator auris longus muscle: an amenable model system to study the role of postsynaptic proteins to the maintenance and regeneration of the neuromuscular synapse","volume":"14","author":"Ojeda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e31822e952d","article-title":"Outcomes of facial nerve grafting in 155 cases: predictive value of history and preoperative function","volume":"32","author":"Ozmen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol. Off. Publ. Am. Otol. Soc. Am. Neurotol. Soc. Eur. Acad. Otol. Neurotol."},{"issue":"302","key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24122","article-title":"Effect of pulsed and continuous ultrasound therapy on the degree of collateral axonal branching at the lesion site, polyinnervation of motor end plates, and recovery of motor function after facial nerve reconstruction","volume":"2007","author":"Ozsoy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anat. Rec. Hoboken NJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.05091.x","article-title":"Improved outcome of facial nerve repair in rats is associated with enhanced regenerative response of motoneurons and augmented neocortical plasticity","volume":"24","author":"Peeva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib72","article-title":"Anatomical description of the extratemporal facial nerve under high-definition system: a microsurgical study in rats","volume":"37","author":"Pinto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Cir. \u00fargica Bras."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib73","first-page":"251","article-title":"Management of synkinesis and asymmetry in facial nerve palsy: a review article","volume":"26","author":"Pourmomeny","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran. J. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.241679","article-title":"Effects of in vivo injury on the neuromuscular junction in healthy and dystrophic muscles","volume":"591","author":"Pratt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1080\/000164801316878999","article-title":"Facial nerve paralysis in temporal bone fractures: outcomes after late decompression surgery","volume":"121","author":"Quaranta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2015.12.002","article-title":"Facial paralysis reconstruction","volume":"49","author":"Razfar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-05-01781.1989","article-title":"In vivo visualization of pre- and postsynaptic changes during synapse elimination in reinnervated mouse muscle","volume":"9","author":"Rich","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24123","article-title":"Experimental studies on facial nerve regeneration","volume":"302","author":"Rink","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.28051","article-title":"Appropriate dosage, timing, and site of intramuscular injections of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promote motor recovery after facial nerve injury in rats","volume":"69","author":"Rink-Notzon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ronchi, G., Cillino, M., Gambarotta, G., Fornasari, B.E., Raimondo, S., Pugliese, P., Tos, P., Cordova, A., Moschella, F., Geuna, S., 2017. Irreversible changes occurring in long-term denervated Schwann cells affect delayed nerve repair. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2016.9.JNS16140.","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.9.JNS16140"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2017.08.013","article-title":"Primary facial reanimation in head and neck cancer","volume":"74","author":"Sahovaler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e369","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001545","article-title":"Selective Stimulation of Facial Muscles Following Chronic Intraneural Electrode Array Implantation and Facial Nerve Injury in the Feline Model","volume":"38","author":"Sahyouni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Otol. Neurotol. Off. Publ. Am. Otol. Soc. Am. Neurotol. Soc. Eur. Acad. Otol. Neurotol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13059","article-title":"Lack of motor recovery after prolonged denervation of the neuromuscular junction is not due to regenerative failure","volume":"43","author":"Sakuma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000602","article-title":"Electrophysiologic and functional evaluations of regenerated facial nerve defects with a tube containing dental pulp cells in rats","volume":"134","author":"Sasaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902470203","article-title":"The facial \u201cmotor\u201d nerve of the rat: control of vibrissal movement and examination of motor and sensory components","volume":"247","author":"Semba","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2016.05.006","article-title":"The histopathological and electrophysiological effects of thymoquinone and methylprednisolone in a rabbit traumatic facial nerve paralysis model","volume":"37","author":"Sereflican","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599812451551","article-title":"Facial Nerve Neurorrhaphy and the Effects of Glucocorticoids in a Rat Model","volume":"147","author":"Seth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. Neck Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e31802c79a5","article-title":"Developing a canine model of composite facial\/scalp allograft transplantation","volume":"59","author":"Shengwu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2011.12.009","article-title":"Direction of innervation after interpositional nerve graft between facial and hypoglossal nerves in individuals with or without facial palsy: A rat model for treating incomplete facial palsy","volume":"65","author":"Shichinohe","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Plast. Reconstr. Aesthet. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.108.2.647","article-title":"Degradation rate of acetylcholine receptors inserted into denervated vertebrate neuromuscular junctions","volume":"108","author":"Shyng","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2011.10.015","article-title":"Structure\u2013activity relationships in rodent diaphragm muscle fibers vs. neuromuscular junctions","volume":"180","author":"Sieck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2009.03.004","article-title":"Electrical stimulation of paralyzed vibrissal muscles reduces endplate reinnervation and does not promote motor recovery after facial nerve repair in rats","volume":"191","author":"Sinis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Anat. Anat. Anz."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib93","first-page":"1","article-title":"Altered sensory input improves the accuracy of muscle reinnervation","volume":"20","author":"Skouras","year":"2002","journal-title":"Restor. Neurol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib94","first-page":"451","article-title":"Structure and function of neuromuscular junctions in the vastus lateralis of man","volume":"115","author":"Slater","year":"1992","journal-title":"A Mot. Point Biopsy Study two Groups Patients Brain J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(96)10032-1","article-title":"Schwann cells induce and guide sprouting and reinnervation of neuromuscular junctions","volume":"19","author":"Son","year":"1996","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.01971.x","article-title":"Focal application of neutralizing antibodies to soluble neurotrophic factors reduces collateral axonal branching after peripheral nerve lesion","volume":"15","author":"Streppel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib97","first-page":"100","article-title":"Neurobiology of peripheral nerve injury, regeneration, and functional recovery: from bench top research to bedside application","volume":"13","author":"Sulaiman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ochsner J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2018.03.007","article-title":"A method package for electrophysiological evaluation of reconstructed or regenerated facial nerves in rodents","volume":"5","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"MethodsX"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101790","article-title":"Genetical modification on adipose-derived stem cells facilitates facial nerve regeneration","volume":"11","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2021.650761","article-title":"Selective denervation of the facial dermato-muscular complex in the rat: experimental model and anatomical basis","volume":"15","author":"Tereshenko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neuroanat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26654","article-title":"What is normal? Neuromuscular junction reinnervation after nerve injury","volume":"60","author":"Vannucci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/coa.12026","article-title":"The psychosocial impact of facial palsy: Our experience in one hundred and twenty six patients","volume":"37","author":"Walker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Otolaryngol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1002\/term.1919","article-title":"Undifferentiated and differentiated adipose-derived stem cells improve nerve regeneration in a rat model of facial nerve defect","volume":"11","author":"Watanabe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000273","article-title":"The dilator naris muscle as a reporter of facial nerve regeneration in a rat model","volume":"76","author":"Weinberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000273","article-title":"The dilator naris muscle as a reporter of facial nerve regeneration in a rat model","volume":"76","author":"Weinberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6634","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24888-w","article-title":"3D bio-printed scaffold-free nerve constructs with human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote rat facial nerve regeneration","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroscience Methods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016502702500264X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016502702500264X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T18:02:13Z","timestamp":1775152933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S016502702500264X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":106,"alternative-id":["S016502702500264X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0270","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of buccal and marginal mandibular branch transection on neuromuscular junction integrity in a rodent model of facial nerve paralysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2025.110620","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110620"}}