{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T09:03:41Z","timestamp":1779872621139,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,4,22]],"date-time":"2027-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1808352000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":264,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MH57440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MH57440"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroscience Methods"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2026.110778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T06:41:40Z","timestamp":1776408100000},"page":"110778","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Chloral Hydrate versus Isofluorane anesthesia and their differential impact on the midbrain system"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"432","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Hamza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.A.","family":"Grace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2026.110778_bib1","unstructured":"American Veterinary Medical Association, 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2026.110778_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181a8617e","article-title":"Chloral hydrate is not acceptable for anesthesia or euthanasia of small animals","volume":"111","author":"Baxter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2026.110778_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.11.022","article-title":"Dopamine in motivational control: rewarding, aversive, and alerting","volume":"68","author":"Bromberg-Martin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2026.110778_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2011.00605.x","article-title":"GABAA receptor antagonism increases NMDA receptor inhibition by isoflurane at a minimum alveolar concentration","volume":"38","author":"Brosnan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2026.110778_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200004000-00024","article-title":"Contrasting synaptic actions of the inhalational general anesthetics isoflurane and xenon","volume":"92","author":"De Sousa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2026.110778_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(85)90448-5","article-title":"Firing properties of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons in freely moving rats","volume":"36","author":"Freeman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2026.110778_bib7","first-page":"200","article-title":"Chloral hydrate: a hypnotic best forgotten?","volume":"28","author":"Gauillard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Encephale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2026.110778_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(83)90135-5","article-title":"Intracellular and extracellular electrophysiology of nigral dopaminergic neurons \u2014 1. Identification and characterization","volume":"10","author":"Grace","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2026.110778_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2877","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.04-11-02877.1984","article-title":"The control of firing pattern in nigral dopamine neurons: burst firing","volume":"4","author":"Grace","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2026.110778_bib10","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Isoflurane","author":"Hawkley","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2026.110778_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145711000113","article-title":"Divergent activation of ventrolateral and ventromedial dopamine systems in animal models of amphetamine sensitization and schizophrenia","volume":"15","author":"Lodge","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2026.110778_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1492126","article-title":"The dopamine hypothesis for ADHD: an evaluation of evidence accumulated from human studies and animal models","volume":"15","author":"MacDonald","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2026.110778_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0066-0","article-title":"\u03b17 Nicotinic receptor-modulating agents reverse the hyperdopaminergic tone in the MAM model of schizophrenia","volume":"43","author":"Neves","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2026.110778_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18195","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4924-11.2011","article-title":"Shedding light on the role of ventral tegmental area dopamine in reward","volume":"31","author":"Saunders","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2026.110778_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3798","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00923.2014","article-title":"Awake vs. anesthetized: layer-specific sensory processing in visual cortex and functional connectivity between cortical areas","volume":"113","author":"Sellers","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2026.110778_bib16","first-page":"210","article-title":"A review of laboratory animal anesthesia with chloral hydrate and chloralose","volume":"43","author":"Silverman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lab. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2026.110778_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10040735","article-title":"Dopamine: the neuromodulator of long-term synaptic plasticity, reward and movement control","volume":"10","author":"Speranza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2026.110778_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2012.02.003","article-title":"Are you or aren't you? Challenges associated with physiologically identifying dopamine neurons","volume":"35","author":"Ungless","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2026.110778_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02233-0","article-title":"The interplay of dopamine metabolism abnormalities and mitochondrial defects in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia","volume":"12","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2026.110778_bib20","first-page":"10568","article-title":"Effects of repeated high dosage of chloral hydrate and pentobarbital sodium anesthesia on hepatocellular system in rats","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroscience Methods"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165027026001081?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165027026001081?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T08:29:04Z","timestamp":1779870544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165027026001081"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["S0165027026001081"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2026.110778","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-0270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-0270","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Chloral Hydrate versus Isofluorane anesthesia and their differential impact on the midbrain system","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2026.110778","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110778"}}