{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T08:38:45Z","timestamp":1778661525638,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]],"date-time":"2005-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]],"date-time":"2005-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jni-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,26]],"date-time":"2005-05-26T07:20:07Z","timestamp":1117092007000},"page":"57-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Morphine withdrawal sensitizes mice to lipopolysaccharide: Elevated TNF-\u03b1 and nitric oxide with decreased IL-12"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Pu","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Joseph J.","family":"Meissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin W.","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toby K.","family":"Eisenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1023\/B:NERE.0000023613.44988.9d","article-title":"Gene expression of transcription factors in the rat brain after morphine withdrawal","volume":"29","author":"Ammon-Treiber","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10535","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.23.10535","article-title":"Protection against endotoxic shock by a tumor necrosis factor receptor immunoadhesin","volume":"88","author":"Ashkenazi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2003.10.023","article-title":"Immune cell activity during the initial stages of withdrawal from chronic exposure to cocaine or morphine","volume":"147","author":"Avila","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(03)00195-9","article-title":"Escalating morphine exposures followed by withdrawal in feline immunodeficiency virus-infected cats: a model for HIV infection in chronic opiate abusers","volume":"72","author":"Barr","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(84)90530-7","article-title":"Substance P levels in various regions of the rat central nervous system after acute and chronic morphine treatment","volume":"35","author":"Bergstrom","year":"1984","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3895437","article-title":"Passive immunization against cachectin\/tumor necrosis factor protects mice from lethal effect of endotoxin","volume":"229","author":"Beutler","year":"1985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)90899-0","article-title":"Effects of morphine tolerance and abstinence on cellular immune function","volume":"642","author":"Bhargava","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1086\/324667","article-title":"Morphine-induced degradation of the host defense barrier: role of macrophage injury","volume":"184","author":"Bhaskaran","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00428791","article-title":"Development of physical dependence on morphine in respect to time and dosage and quantification of the precipitated withdrawal syndrome in rats","volume":"33","author":"Blasig","year":"1973","journal-title":"Psychopharmacologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1988.tb06286.x","article-title":"The effect of acute and chronic administration of morphine and morphine withdrawal on intestinal transit time in the rat","volume":"40","author":"Brown","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)29424-1","article-title":"Morphine pellet implantation in rats: quantitative assessment of tolerance and dependence","volume":"184","author":"Cicero","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199807)28:07<2227::AID-IMMU2227>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"The role of IL-12 in the maintenance of an established Th1 immune response in experimental leishmaniasis","volume":"28","author":"Constantinescu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199204000-00009","article-title":"Cytokine serum level during severe sepsis in human IL-6 as a marker of severity","volume":"215","author":"Damas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2980-4_4","article-title":"Consequences of opiate-dependency in a monkey model of AIDS","volume":"335","author":"Donahoe","year":"1993","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.2.209-219.2003","article-title":"Microbial infections, immunomodulation, and drugs of abuse","volume":"16","author":"Friedman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)37665-7","article-title":"Alterations of immune functions in heroin addicts and heroin withdrawal subjects","volume":"286","author":"Govitrapong","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4244","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.10.4244-4249.1994","article-title":"Interleukin 12 is produced in vivo during endotoxemia and stimulates synthesis of gamma interferon","volume":"62","author":"Heinzel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1086\/514021","article-title":"Morphine induces sepsis in mice","volume":"176","author":"Hilburger","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.177.4.1205","article-title":"Interleukin 10 protects mice from lethal endotoxemia","volume":"177","author":"Howard","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI18246","article-title":"IL-10 is critical for Th2 responses in a murine model of allergic dermatitis","volume":"112","author":"Laouini","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90085-3","article-title":"Altered responses to bacterial infection and endotoxic shock in mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase","volume":"81","author":"MacMicking","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)24947-3","article-title":"Inhibition of gastrointestinal transit by morphine in rats results primarily from direct drug action on gut opioid sites","volume":"237","author":"Manara","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198806093182301","article-title":"Detection of circulating tumor necrosis factor after endotoxin administration","volume":"318","author":"Michie","year":"1988","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5335.58","article-title":"Molecular and cellular basis of addiction","volume":"278","author":"Nestler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-128-2-199801150-00009","article-title":"The pathophysiologic roles of interleukin-6 in human disease","volume":"128","author":"Papanicolaou","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)10719-2","article-title":"Development of tolerance to the analgesic activity of mu agonists after continuous infusion of morphine, meperidine or fentanyl in rats","volume":"262","author":"Paronis","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib27","first-page":"493","article-title":"Nitric oxide. A key mediator in sepsis and endotoxaemia?","volume":"48","author":"Parratt","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"Suppl. A","key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/41.suppl_1.31","article-title":"Nitric oxide in sepsis and endotoxaemia","volume":"41","author":"Parratt","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199305203282008","article-title":"Pathogenetic mechanisms of septic shock","volume":"328","author":"Parrillo","year":"1993","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)31263-2","article-title":"Disposition of morphine in chronically infused rats: relationship to antinociception and tolerance","volume":"205","author":"Patrick","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90134-C","article-title":"Mice deficient for the 55 kd tumor necrosis factor receptor are resistant to endotoxic shock, yet succumb to L. monocytogenes infection","volume":"73","author":"Pfeffer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5396.2085","article-title":"Defective LPS signaling in C3H\/HeJ and C57BL\/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene","volume":"282","author":"Poltorak","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8272","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.15.8272-8279.2003","article-title":"Exogenous interleukin-12 protects against lethal infection with coxsackievirus B4","volume":"77","author":"Potvin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(02)00103-0","article-title":"Abrupt or precipitated withdrawal from morphine induces immunosuppression","volume":"127","author":"Rahim","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(03)00273-X","article-title":"Withdrawal from morphine in mice suppresses splenic macrophage function, cytokine production, and costimulatory molecules","volume":"144","author":"Rahim","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2003.10.024","article-title":"Paradoxes of immunosuppression in mouse models of withdrawal","volume":"147","author":"Rahim","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(98)00265-3","article-title":"Morphine synergizes with lipopolysaccharide in a chronic endotoxemia model","volume":"95","author":"Roy","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2001.116033","article-title":"Morphine directs T cells toward T(H2) differentiation","volume":"130","author":"Roy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2003.10.016","article-title":"Chronic morphine treatment differentiates T helper cells to Th2 effector cells by modulating transcription factors GATA 3 and T-bet","volume":"147","author":"Roy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.55.6.711","article-title":"The cooperative effects of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma are determining factors in the ability of IL-10 to protect mice from lethal endotoxemia","volume":"55","author":"Smith","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.4.2222","article-title":"Neutralization of IL-10 increases lethality in endotoxemia. Cooperative effects of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and tumor necrosis factor","volume":"155","author":"Standiford","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3764421","article-title":"Shock and tissue injury induced by recombinant human cachectin","volume":"234","author":"Tracey","year":"1986","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1038\/330662a0","article-title":"Anti-cachectin\/TNF monoclonal antibodies prevent septic shock during lethal bacteraemia","volume":"330","author":"Tracey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.2002.1015","article-title":"Differential effects between marimastat, a TNF-alpha converting enzyme inhibitor, and anti-TNF-alpha antibody on murine models for sepsis and arthritis","volume":"17","author":"Tsuji","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)28247-7","article-title":"Simultaneous quantitative assessment of morphine tolerance and physical dependence","volume":"167","author":"Way","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130051123","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects of morphine withdrawal in the rat are time dependent and reversible by clonidine","volume":"146","author":"West","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830250307","article-title":"Interleukin-12 is required for interferon-gamma production and lethality in lipopolysaccharide-induced shock in mice","volume":"25","author":"Wysocka","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165572805001207?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165572805001207?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T08:00:52Z","timestamp":1759046452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165572805001207"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165572805001207"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-5728"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-5728","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Morphine withdrawal sensitizes mice to lipopolysaccharide: Elevated TNF-\u03b1 and nitric oxide with decreased IL-12","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Neuroimmunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.03.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}