{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:37:35Z","timestamp":1790750255833,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]],"date-time":"2005-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]],"date-time":"2005-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jni-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,21]],"date-time":"2005-10-21T07:13:38Z","timestamp":1129878818000},"page":"134-140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Noradrenaline transporter and its turnover rate are decreased in blood lymphocytes of patients with major depression"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"170","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Mata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Urbina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Manzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib1","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200208000-00010","article-title":"Reboxetine, a new noradrenaline selective antidepressant, is at least as effective as fluoxetine in the treatment of depression","volume":"22","author":"Andreoli","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000436","article-title":"Endocrine and cytokine correlates of major depression and dysthymia with typical or atypical features","volume":"4","author":"Anisman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib4","first-page":"123","article-title":"Mechanism of action of antidepressants","volume":"2","author":"Artigas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib5","unstructured":"Baccichet, E., Pe\u00f1a, S., 2001. Transportador de serotonina en linfocitos de pacientes con depresi\u00f3n mayor antes y despu\u00e9s del tratamiento con mirtazapina. Tesis de Grado. Universidad Central de Venezuela and Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(88)90019-3","article-title":"Brain norepinephrine levels after BCG stimulation of the immune system","volume":"18","author":"Barneoud","year":"1988","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib7","first-page":"278","article-title":"Chromosomal mapping of the human gene for the tricyclic antidepressant-sensitive noradrenaline transporter","volume":"91","author":"Br\u00fcss","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/07435807509053848","article-title":"Norepinephrine stimulation of lymphocyte ATPase by an alpha adrenergic receptor mechanism","volume":"2","author":"Coffey","year":"1975","journal-title":"Endocr. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"Suppl. 20","key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib10","first-page":"85","article-title":"Differential pharmacology of newer antidepressants","volume":"59","author":"DeVane","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.03.023","article-title":"Cytokines as mediators of depression: what can we learn from animal studies?","volume":"29","author":"Dunn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(03)00116-4","article-title":"Serotonin, serotonin 5-HT1A receptors and dopamine in blood peripheral lymphocytes of major depression patients","volume":"3","author":"Fajardo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/0192-0561(94)90107-4","article-title":"Expression of high-affinity serotonin transporter in human lymphocytes","volume":"16","author":"Faraj","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1006\/brbi.2000.0615","article-title":"Mechanism of norepinephrine-mediated inhibition of human NK cytotoxic functions: inhibition of cytokine secretion, target binding, and programming for cytotoxicity","volume":"16","author":"Gan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.10.1702","article-title":"Inhibition of norepinephrine uptake in patients with major depression treated with paroxetine","volume":"159","author":"Gilmor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib16","unstructured":"GraphPad, Prisma, Version 4th, 2003."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2005.02.011","article-title":"Neuroendocrine and cytokine profile of chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia","volume":"84","author":"Grippo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale of depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.66062621.x","article-title":"Allelic variation of human serotonin transporter gene expression","volume":"66","author":"Heils","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2004.09.004","article-title":"Increased levels of glucocorticoid receptors and enhanced glucocorticoid receptor auto-regulation after hydrocortisone challenge in B-lymphoblastoids from patients with affective disorders","volume":"30","author":"Henning","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(02)00025-5","article-title":"Serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleactic acid and serotonin transporter in blood peripheral lymphocytes of patients with generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"2","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.02605.x","article-title":"Noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake inhibition as clinical principles: a review of antidepressant efficacy","volume":"402","author":"Humble","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000728","article-title":"Neurotransmitter transporters: fruitful targets for CNS drug discovery","volume":"5","author":"Iversen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050479","article-title":"Effects of elevated plasma noradrenaline concentration on the immune system in humans","volume":"79","author":"Kappel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8451","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-21-08451.1997","article-title":"Reduced levels of norepinephrine transporters in the locus coeruleus in major depression","volume":"17","author":"Klimek","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01510-2","article-title":"Norepinephrine and beta2-adrenergic receptor stimulation regulate CD4+ T and B lymphocyte function in vitro and in vivo","volume":"53","author":"Kohm","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1159\/000074635","article-title":"Expression of cAMP response element-binding protein in major depression before and after antidepressant treatment","volume":"48","author":"Lai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.01215.x","article-title":"Norepinephrine alters the expression of genes involved in neuronal sprouting and differentiation: relevance for major depression and antidepressant mechanism","volume":"83","author":"Laifenfeld","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"Suppl. 6","key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib29","first-page":"12","article-title":"Evidence for a biochemical lesion in depression","volume":"61","author":"Leonard","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(93)90010-J","article-title":"Carrier-mediated release of neurotransmitter","volume":"16","author":"Levi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-5846(93)90013-I","article-title":"Modulation of 5HT1A receptors in the hippocampus and the raphe area of rats treated with clonazepam","volume":"17","author":"Lima","year":"1993","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(85)90031-1","article-title":"Involvement of peripheral and central catecholamine systems in neural\u2013immune interactions","volume":"10","author":"Livnat","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.191","article-title":"The immunoregulatory effects of antidepressants","volume":"16","author":"Maes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1997.0238","article-title":"Increased serum IL-6 and IL-1 receptor antagonist concentrations in major depression and treatment resistant depression","volume":"9","author":"Maes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(00)00232-3","article-title":"Noradrenergic function and clinical outcome in antidepressant pharmacotherapy","volume":"24","author":"Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib36","first-page":"24","article-title":"Are all antidepressants the same?","volume":"6","author":"Moller","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-200111000-00004","article-title":"Association of plasma free-3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl(ethylene)glycol, natural killer cell activity and delirium in postoperative patients","volume":"16","author":"Nakamura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.609","article-title":"Cytokines: abnormalities in major depression and implications for pharmacological treatment","volume":"19","author":"O'Brien","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/350350a0","article-title":"Expression of a cocaine- and antidepressant-sensitive human noradrenaline transporter","volume":"350","author":"Pacholczyk","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2005.02.005","article-title":"Effect of mirtazapine treatment on serotonin transporter in blood peripheral lymphocytes of major depression patients","volume":"5","author":"Pe\u00f1a","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-5428(96)00018-6","article-title":"Immunoregulatory role of neurotransmitters","volume":"6","author":"Qiu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Adv. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2542","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.6.2542","article-title":"Antidepressant- and cocaine-sensitive human serotonin transporter: molecular cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization","volume":"90","author":"Ramamoorthy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(96)00045-6","article-title":"Primary dysthymia: a study of several psychosocial, endocrine and immune correlates","volume":"40","author":"Ravindran","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2728(93)90109-S","article-title":"From synpase to vesicle: the reuptake and storage of biogenic amine neurotransmitters","volume":"1144","author":"Rudnik","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2004.11.003","article-title":"Cytokines and major depression","volume":"29","author":"Schiepers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2004.06.004","article-title":"Lymphocyte subsets and lymphokine production in patients with melancholic versus nonmelancholic depression","volume":"128","author":"Schlatter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1159\/000079411","article-title":"5HT1A and \u03b2-adrenergic receptors regulate proliferation of rat blood lymphocytes","volume":"11","author":"Sempere","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1994.tb00991.x","article-title":"Neuroendocrine\u2013immune interactions in homeostasis and autoimmunity","volume":"20","author":"Smith","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)11249-4","article-title":"[3H]Nisoxetine: a radioligand for quantitation of norepinephrine uptake sites by autoradiography or by homogenate binding","volume":"260","author":"Tejani-Butt","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4221","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(92)90133-Q","article-title":"Transporter explosion: update on uptake","volume":"13","author":"Uhl","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S0192-0561(99)00035-1","article-title":"[3H]Paroxetine binding to human peripheral lymphocyte membranes of patients with major depression before and after treatment with fluoxetine","volume":"21","author":"Urbina","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.2001.0965","article-title":"Regulation of beta2-adrenergic receptors on CD4 and CD8 positive lymphocytes by cytokines in vitro","volume":"16","author":"Wahle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(85)90033-5","article-title":"Neuroimmunomodulatory interactions of norepinephrine and serotonin","volume":"10","author":"Walker","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00245-0","article-title":"Genetic approaches to studying norepinephrine function: knockout of the mouse norepinephrine transporter gene","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl. 17","key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib55","first-page":"4","article-title":"Pharmacology of antidepressants: selectivity or multiplicity?","volume":"60","author":"Westenberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108254","article-title":"Identification of beta-adrenergic receptors in human lymphocytes by [3H]alprenolol binding","volume":"57","author":"Williams","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00386-4","article-title":"Identification of a naturally occurring polymorphism in the promoter region of the norepinephrine transporter and analysis in major depression","volume":"26","author":"Zill","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165572805003620?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165572805003620?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T08:02:37Z","timestamp":1759046557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165572805003620"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165572805003620"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-5728"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-5728","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Noradrenaline transporter and its turnover rate are decreased in blood lymphocytes of patients with major depression","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Neuroimmunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.08.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}