{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:04:20Z","timestamp":1791374660890,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jni-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,19]],"date-time":"2007-01-19T07:18:57Z","timestamp":1169191137000},"page":"232-238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Reduced circulating CD4+CD25+ cell populations in Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"183","author":[{"given":"Jane","family":"Pritchard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Makowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norman A.","family":"Gregson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian C.","family":"Hayday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.C.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(01)00306-X","article-title":"Expression and distribution of transcription factor NF-\u03baB and inhibitor I\u03baB in the inflamed peripheral nervous system","volume":"116","author":"Andorfer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.2.387","article-title":"Autoimmune disease as a consequence of developmental abnormality of a T cell subpopulation","volume":"184","author":"Asano","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410270707","article-title":"Assessment of current diagnostic criteria for Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Asbury","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-196905000-00001","article-title":"The inflammatory lesion in idiopathic polyneuritis. Its role in pathogenesis","volume":"48","author":"Asbury","year":"1969","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4622","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.8.4622","article-title":"MHC class II expression identifies functionally distinct human regulatory T cells","volume":"176","author":"Baecher-Allan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.8.1302","article-title":"Clinical correlation with serum-soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Bansil","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/83713","article-title":"The immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome (IPEX) is caused by mutations of FOXP3","volume":"27","author":"Bennett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(99)00165-4","article-title":"Phenotypic and functional properties of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells from patients with Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"102","author":"Borsellino","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R335","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1192","article-title":"CD25brightCD4+ regulatory T cells are enriched in inflamed joints of patients with chronic rheumatic disease","volume":"6","author":"Cao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-8411(03)00121-5","article-title":"Quantification of regulatory T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"21","author":"Crispin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(94)90032-9","article-title":"T lymphocyte subset abnormalities in peripheral blood from patients with the Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Dahle","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6435","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.10.6435","article-title":"CD4+ CD25bright regulatory T cells actively regulate inflammation in the joints of patients with the remitting form of juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"172","author":"de Kleer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.193.11.1303","article-title":"Ex vivo isolation and characterization of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells with regulatory properties from human blood","volume":"193","author":"Dieckmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2005.02220.x","article-title":"Circulating and thymic CD4 CD25 T regulatory cells in myasthenia gravis: effect of immunosuppressive treatment","volume":"116","author":"Fattorossi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1038\/ni904","article-title":"Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells","volume":"4","author":"Fontenot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(00)00270-8","article-title":"Flow cytometric analysis of infiltrating cells in the peripheral nerves in experimental allergic neuritis","volume":"108","author":"Fujioka","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3343","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200526065","article-title":"Reduced suppressive effect of CD4+ CD25high regulatory T cells on the T cell immune response against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"35","author":"Haas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440512","article-title":"Electrophysiological classification of Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome: clinical associations and outcome. Plasma Exchange\/Sandoglobulin Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 Syndrome Trial Group","volume":"44","author":"Hadden","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.2.215","article-title":"T cell activation in Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome and in MS: elevated serum levels of soluble IL-2 receptors","volume":"40","author":"Hartung","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410300110","article-title":"Serum interleukin-2 concentrations in Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome and chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: comparison with other neurological diseases of presumed immunopathogenesis","volume":"30","author":"Hartung","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.3.1245","article-title":"A clinicopathological study of the Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Nine cases and literature review","volume":"114","author":"Honavar","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67665-9","article-title":"Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 Syndrome","volume":"366","author":"Hughes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)92644-2","article-title":"Controlled trial of prednisolone in acute polyneuropathy","volume":"2","author":"Hughes","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib27","first-page":"209","article-title":"Morphologic study on experimental allergic neuritis mediated by T cell line specific for bovine P2 protein in Lewis rats","volume":"53","author":"Izumo","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.193.11.1285","article-title":"Identification and functional characterization of human CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells with regulatory properties isolated from peripheral blood","volume":"193","author":"Jonuleit","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(98)00121-X","article-title":"The distribution of CD1 molecules in inflammatory neuropathy","volume":"158","author":"Khalili-Shirazi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0213605","article-title":"Multiple immuno-regulatory defects in type-1 diabetes","volume":"109","author":"Kukreja","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.193.11.1295","article-title":"Human CD25+ CD4+ T regulatory cells suppress naive and memory T cell proliferation and can be expanded in vitro without loss of function","volume":"193","author":"Levings","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.133.4.1946","article-title":"A permanent rat T cell line that mediates experimental allergic neuritis in the Lewis rat in vivo","volume":"133","author":"Linington","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.03.008","article-title":"Impairment of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T-cells in autoimmune liver disease","volume":"41","author":"Longhi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.6.3074","volume":"170","author":"Magira","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021345","article-title":"CD4+ CD25+ Tr cells suppress innate immune pathology through cytokine-dependent mechanisms","volume":"197","author":"Maloy","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0320(19960315)26:1<16::AID-CYTO3>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Use of CD45 fluorescence and side-scatter characteristics for gating lymphocytes when using the whole blood lysis procedure and flow cytometry","volume":"26","author":"Nicholson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cytometry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(02)00393-4","article-title":"Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and chemokine receptor CCR2 productions in Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome and experimental autoimmune neuritis","volume":"134","author":"Orlikowski","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.3.1151","article-title":"Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor \u03b1-chains (CD25). Breakdown of a single mechanism of self-tolerance causes various autoimmune diseases","volume":"155","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00259.x","article-title":"Regulation by CD25+ lymphocytes of autoantigen-specific T-cell responses in Goodpasture's (anti-GBM) disease","volume":"64","author":"Salama","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425887","article-title":"Regulation of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cell activity: it takes (IL-)two to tango","volume":"35","author":"Scheffold","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199604)19:4<474::AID-MUS8>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Inflammatory infiltrates in sural nerve biopsies in Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy","volume":"19","author":"Schmidt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(97)00082-8","article-title":"A longitudinal study of circulating lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood during the acute stage of Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"151","author":"Sindern","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/10.12.1969","article-title":"Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by CD25+ CD4+ naturally anergic and suppressive T cells: induction of autoimmune disease by breaking their anergic\/suppressive state","volume":"10","author":"Takahashi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(89)90095-7","article-title":"T lymphocyte activation antigens in Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome and chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy","volume":"24","author":"Taylor","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031579","article-title":"Loss of functional suppression by CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"199","author":"Viglietta","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/83707","article-title":"X-linked neonatal diabetes mellitus, enteropathy and endocrinopathy syndrome is the human equivalent of mouse scurfy","volume":"27","author":"Wildin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.5.613","article-title":"A prospective study of acute idiopathic neuropathy. II. Antecedent events","volume":"51","author":"Winer","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(98)00065-3","article-title":"Natural killer cells in patients with Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"157","author":"Yoshii","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2000.00072.x","article-title":"Impaired interleukin-2 response of mononuclear cells in Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Yoshii","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1159\/000008227","article-title":"Lymphocyte subset proportions in Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome patients treated with plasmapharesis","volume":"44","author":"Yoshii","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016557280600511X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016557280600511X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T08:06:50Z","timestamp":1759046810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S016557280600511X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S016557280600511X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-5728"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-5728","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Reduced circulating CD4+CD25+ cell populations in Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Neuroimmunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.12.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}