{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T20:49:21Z","timestamp":1793306961408,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]],"date-time":"2008-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1220227200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]],"date-time":"2008-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1220227200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jni-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,28]],"date-time":"2008-07-28T12:22:07Z","timestamp":1217247727000},"page":"64-73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The ageing and myasthenic thymus: A morphometric study validating a standard procedure in the histological workup of thymic specimens"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"201-202","author":[{"given":"Philipp","family":"Str\u00f6bel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Moritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Isabel","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Willcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Yu","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilfred","family":"Nix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berthold","family":"Schalke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Kiefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Konrad","family":"M\u00fcller-Hermelink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfred","family":"Jaretzki III","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Newsom-Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Marx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1254.055","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis in individuals over 40","volume":"998","author":"Aarli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107s5681","article-title":"Gender and risk of autoimmune diseases: possible role of estrogenic compounds","volume":"107","author":"Ahmed","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5221","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.10.5221","article-title":"B lymphopoiesis in the thymus","volume":"164","author":"Akashi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib4","first-page":"55","article-title":"A histologic reappraisal of the thymus in myasthenia gravis. A correlative study of thymic pathology and response to thymectomy","volume":"91","author":"Alpert","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0280250","article-title":"Immunosenescence: potential causes and strategies for reversal","volume":"28","author":"Aspinall","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006611518223","article-title":"Thymic involution in aging","volume":"20","author":"Aspinall","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1997.1148","article-title":"Phenotypic and immunohistological analyses of the human adult thymus: evidence for an active thymus during adult life","volume":"179","author":"Bertho","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cell Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4914(02)02415-2","article-title":"Thymic regeneration: teaching an old immune system new tricks","volume":"8","author":"Berzins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(02)02265-2","article-title":"One for all and all for one: thymic epithelial stem cells and regeneration","volume":"23","author":"Blackburn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib10","first-page":"421","article-title":"Involution of the mammalian thymus, one of the leading regulators of aging","volume":"11","author":"Bodey","year":"1997","journal-title":"In. Vivo."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.9.1579","article-title":"Do titin and cytokine antibodies in MG patients predict thymoma or thymoma recurrence?","volume":"57","author":"Buckley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1988.tb27079.x","article-title":"B-cell compartment in the thymus of patients with myasthenia gravis and control subjects","volume":"540","author":"Christensson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20577","article-title":"A CTLA4high genotype is associated with myasthenia gravis in thymoma patients","volume":"58","author":"Chuang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1038\/25374","article-title":"Changes in thymic function with age and during the treatment of HIV infection","volume":"396","author":"Douek","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830250231","article-title":"Location and sequence of rearranged immunoglobulin genes in human thymus","volume":"25","author":"Dunn-Walters","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/9.9.1311","article-title":"Diverse Fab specific for acetylcholine receptor epitopes from a myasthenia gravis thymus combinatorial library","volume":"9","author":"Farrar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E791","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2000.279.4.E791","article-title":"Age-related decrease of somatostatin receptor number in the normal human thymus","volume":"279","author":"Ferone","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"Suppl 9","key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/11.supp9.18","article-title":"Successful immunosenescence and the remodelling of immune responses with ageing","volume":"11","author":"Franceschi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(97)00046-1","article-title":"Anti-acetylcholine receptor Fab fragments isolated from thymus-derived phage display libraries from myasthenia gravis patients reflect predominant specificities in serum and block the action of pathogenic serum antibodies","volume":"57","author":"Graus","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib20","first-page":"519","article-title":"Tissue image segmentation with multicolor, multifocal algorithms","volume":"F3","author":"Harms","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.173.3.549","article-title":"Distinct mechanisms of neonatal tolerance induced by dendritic cells and thymic B cells","volume":"173","author":"Inaba","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)35684-3","article-title":"\u201cMaximal\u201d thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. Results.","volume":"95","author":"Jaretzki","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.08.006","article-title":"Effects of thymectomy on late-onset myasthenia gravis without thymoma","volume":"109","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02889966","article-title":"Immunohistological patterns of non-neoplastic changes in the thymus in myasthenia gravis","volume":"52","author":"Kirchner","year":"1986","journal-title":"Virchows Arch. B. Cell Pathol. Incl. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/383081a0","article-title":"Unopposed positive selection and autoreactivity in mice expressing class II MHC only on thymic cortex","volume":"383","author":"Laufer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.070240","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis thymus: complement vulnerability of epithelial and myoid cells, complement attack on them, and correlations with autoantibody status","volume":"171","author":"Leite","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(78)80131-2","article-title":"Thymic hyperplasia and neoplasia: a review of current concepts","volume":"9","author":"Levine","year":"1978","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.1968.17.1.1","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis: clinical, serological and histological studies in relation to thymectomy","volume":"17","author":"Mackay","year":"1968","journal-title":"Australas. Ann. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s004280050044","article-title":"Pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis","volume":"430","author":"Marx","year":"1997","journal-title":"Virchows Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1981.tb33773.x","article-title":"Comparison of the results of transsternal simple, transcervical simple, and extended thymectomy","volume":"377","author":"Masaoka","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1097\/01.LAB.0000032379.63784.9C","article-title":"Antibodies to acetylcholine receptor in parous women with myasthenia: evidence for immunization by fetal antigen","volume":"82","author":"Matthews","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-06-2383","article-title":"The chemokine CXCL13 is a key molecule in autoimmune myasthenia gravis","volume":"108","author":"Meraouna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib33","series-title":"Anderson's Pathology","first-page":"1218","article-title":"Thymus","author":"Muller-Hermelink","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib34","first-page":"1348","article-title":"Immunology","volume":"298","author":"Ohashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exposing thy self. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1982.00510140016004","article-title":"Thymectomy in late-onset myasthenia gravis","volume":"39","author":"Olanow","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d1056","DOI":"10.2741\/A831","article-title":"T cells and aging, January 2002 update","volume":"7","author":"Pawelec","year":"2002","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1992.tb00966.x","article-title":"Microscopic thymoma: histological evidence of multifocal cortical and medullary origin","volume":"20","author":"Pescarmona","year":"1992","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2001.01640.x","article-title":"Both age and gender affect thymic output: more recent thymic migrants in females than males as they age","volume":"125","author":"Pido-Lopez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(83)90016-4","article-title":"Thymic involvement in myasthenia gravis. Study by immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase staining","volume":"4","author":"Pizzighella","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0188-4409(02)00405-8","article-title":"Thymectomy in myasthenia gravis: response, complications, and associated conditions","volume":"33","author":"Remes-Troche","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib41","first-page":"14","article-title":"Increased estrogen-dependent expression of calcineurin in female SLE T cells is regulated by multiple mechanisms","volume":"6","author":"Rider","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Gend. Specif. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(03)00019-8","article-title":"Age related changes in population of peripheral T cells: towards a model of immunosenescence","volume":"124","author":"Romanyukha","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2002.00352.x","article-title":"Thymectomy and anti-muscle autoantibodies in late-onset myasthenia gravis","volume":"9","author":"Romi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(02)00038-3","article-title":"Thymic myoid cells and germinal center formation in myasthenia gravis; possible roles in pathogenesis","volume":"125","author":"Roxanis","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib45","first-page":"251","article-title":"Altered immune status in the elderly","volume":"5","author":"Simons","year":"1990","journal-title":"Semin. Respir. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.4.1935","article-title":"Somatic hypermutation and selection of B cells in thymic germinal centers responding to acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia gravis","volume":"167","author":"Sims","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1405.004","article-title":"Thymectomy for non-thymomatous MG \u2014 a critical analysis","author":"Sonett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1985.tb01916.x","article-title":"The involution of the ageing human thymic epithelium is independent of puberty. A morphometric study","volume":"22","author":"Steinmann","year":"1985","journal-title":"Scand J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V100.1.159","article-title":"Paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis correlates with generation of mature naive CD4(+) T cells in thymomas","volume":"100","author":"Strobel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib50","first-page":"4212","article-title":"[Diagnosis of thymoma and thymic atrophy in patients with myasthenia gravis]","volume":"117","author":"Sund","year":"1997","journal-title":"Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2000.00058.x","article-title":"Failure to remove autoreactive Vbeta6+ T cells in Mls-1 newborn mice attributed to the delayed development of B cells in the thymus","volume":"100","author":"Touma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib52","first-page":"78","article-title":"[Clinico-immunological features of generalized myasthenia in patients with hyperplasia and atrophy of the thymus gland]","volume":"69","author":"Vetshev","year":"1991","journal-title":"Klin. Med. (Mosk)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib53","first-page":"447","article-title":"Myasthenic and nonmyasthenic thymoma. An expansion of a minor cortical epithelial cell subset?","volume":"127","author":"Willcox","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1254.061","article-title":"Development of a thymectomy trial in nonthymomatous myasthenia gravis patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy","volume":"998","author":"Wolfe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.1999.00691.x","article-title":"Low-grade metaplastic carcinoma of the thymus","volume":"35","author":"Yoneda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017_bib56","first-page":"22","article-title":"[The morphological and clinico-immunological characteristics of 2 types of myasthenia]","volume":"53","author":"Zairat'iants","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arkh. Patol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165572808002075?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165572808002075?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T08:10:18Z","timestamp":1759047018000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165572808002075"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S0165572808002075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-5728"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-5728","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The ageing and myasthenic thymus: A morphometric study validating a standard procedure in the histological workup of thymic specimens","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Neuroimmunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}