{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:24:10Z","timestamp":1792740250927,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jni-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,20]],"date-time":"2011-05-20T23:56:57Z","timestamp":1305935817000},"page":"56-69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["A potential link between autoimmunity and neurodegeneration in immune-mediated neurological disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"235","author":[{"given":"Sangmin","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoojin","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Hartzes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. Curtis","family":"Dohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cedric","family":"Raine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramin","family":"Homayouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-006-0047-y","article-title":"Transient axonal injury in the absence of demyelination: a correlate of clinical disease in acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"111","author":"Aboul-Enein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. (Berl.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197712012972204","article-title":"Antibodies to oligodendroglia in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"297","author":"Abramsky","year":"1977","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1006\/jaut.1998.0221","article-title":"Antibodies to recoverin induce apoptosis of photoreceptor and bipolar cells in vivo","volume":"11","author":"Adamus","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.03.195","article-title":"Identification of nuclear localisation sequences in spastin (SPG4) using a novel Tetra-GFP reporter system","volume":"318","author":"Beetz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200012)48:6<893::AID-ANA10>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Neurological disability correlates with spinal cord axonal loss and reduced N-acetyl aspartate in chronic multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"48","author":"Bjartmar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(02)00069-2","article-title":"Axonal loss in the pathology of MS: consequences for understanding the progressive phase of the disease","volume":"206","author":"Bjartmar","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21307","article-title":"Time course and distribution of inflammatory and neurodegenerative events suggest structural bases for the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"502","author":"Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2005.06.009","article-title":"Spastin subcellular localization is regulated through usage of different translation start sites and active export from the nucleus","volume":"309","author":"Claudiani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0914845107","article-title":"The alternative splicing repressors hnRNP A1\/A2 and PTB influence pyruvate kinase isoform expression and cell metabolism","volume":"107","author":"Clower","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2004.03.005","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of FAM13A1-a gene near a milk protein QTL on BTA6: evidence for population-wide linkage disequilibrium in Israeli Holsteins","volume":"84","author":"Cohen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2006.03.010","article-title":"Karyopherin flexibility in nucleocytoplasmic transport","volume":"16","author":"Conti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.76.052705.161529","article-title":"Structural biology of nucleocytoplasmic transport","volume":"76","author":"Cook","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.31.061307.090711","article-title":"Role of axonal transport in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"31","author":"De Vos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh118","article-title":"Axonal loss in multiple sclerosis: a pathological survey of the corticospinal and sensory tracts","volume":"127","author":"DeLuca","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl074","article-title":"The contribution of demyelination to axonal loss in multiple sclerosis","volume":"129","author":"DeLuca","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0505-4","article-title":"The role of hereditary spastic paraplegia related genes in multiple sclerosis. A study of disease susceptibility and clinical outcome","volume":"254","author":"DeLuca","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02896922","article-title":"Processing of Alzheimer's disease-associated beta-amyloid precursor protein","volume":"2","author":"Dewji","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm760","article-title":"Messenger-RNA-binding proteins and the messages they carry","volume":"3","author":"Dreyfuss","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S22","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000275229.13012.32","article-title":"Pathogenesis of axonal and neuronal damage in multiple sclerosis","volume":"68","author":"Dutta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20736","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction as a cause of axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"59","author":"Dutta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.105.1.248","article-title":"The assessment by immunofluorescence methods of humoral anti-myelin antibodies in man","volume":"105","author":"Edgington","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2003.10.015","article-title":"Deconstructing the axon: Wallerian degeneration and the ubiquitin-proteasome system","volume":"27","author":"Ehlers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107s5767","article-title":"Neuroimmunotoxicology: humoral assessment of neurotoxicity and autoimmune mechanisms","volume":"107","author":"El-Fawal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh323","article-title":"Pathological study of spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis suggests limited role of local lesions","volume":"128","author":"Evangelou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.3.393","article-title":"Axonal damage in acute multiple sclerosis lesions","volume":"120","author":"Ferguson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70192-3","article-title":"B cells and multiple sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Franciotta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra052130","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis\u2014the plaque and its pathogenesis","volume":"354","author":"Frohman","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2990.1999.00205.x","article-title":"Spinal cord axonal loss in multiple sclerosis: a post-mortem study","volume":"25","author":"Ganter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3166","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq253","article-title":"Stiff person syndrome-associated autoantibodies to amphiphysin mediate reduced GABAergic inhibition","volume":"133","author":"Geis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/5532","article-title":"Identification of autoantibodies associated with myelin damage in multiple sclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Genain","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70191-1","article-title":"Grey matter pathology in multiple sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Geurts","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl075","article-title":"Understanding pathogenesis and therapy of multiple sclerosis via animal models: 70years of merits and culprits in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis research","volume":"129","author":"Gold","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0165","first-page":"430","article-title":"Regulated tissue-specific expression of antagonistic pre-mRNA splicing factors","volume":"4","author":"Hanamura","year":"1998","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1038\/15472","article-title":"Spastin, a new AAA protein, is altered in the most frequent form of autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia","volume":"23","author":"Hazan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bth464","article-title":"Gene clustering by latent semantic indexing of MEDLINE abstracts","volume":"21","author":"Homayouni","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth756","article-title":"Multiple-laboratory comparison of microarray platforms","volume":"2","author":"Irizarry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/348245a0","article-title":"Circulating CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for HTLV-I pX in patients with HTLV-I associated neurological disease","volume":"348","author":"Jacobson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000059866.03880.BA","article-title":"IgG in brain correlates with clinicopathological damage in HTLV-1 associated neurologic disease","volume":"60","author":"Jernigan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20137","article-title":"Molecular mimicry: cross-reactive antibodies from patients with immune-mediated neurologic disease inhibit neuronal firing","volume":"77","author":"Kalume","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1995.1366","article-title":"Cell type-specific expression of hnRNP proteins","volume":"221","author":"Kamma","year":"1995","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5462","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.8.5462","article-title":"Different development of myelin basic protein agonist- and antagonist-specific human TCR transgenic T cells in the thymus and periphery","volume":"181","author":"Kawamura","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2471","article-title":"HDAC1 nuclear export induced by pathological conditions is essential for the onset of axonal damage","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64537-3","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis and chronic autoimmune encephalomyelitis: a comparative quantitative study of axonal injury in active, inactive, and remyelinated lesions","volume":"157","author":"Kornek","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh641","article-title":"Cortical demyelination and diffuse white matter injury in multiple sclerosis","volume":"128","author":"Kutzelnigg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2006.08.016","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: is there neurodegeneration independent from inflammation?","volume":"259","author":"Lassmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2007.00064.x","article-title":"The immunopathology of multiple sclerosis: an overview","volume":"17","author":"Lassmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-007-7312-7","article-title":"Molecular mimicry in neurological disease: what is the evidence?","volume":"65","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0240","series-title":"Molecular Mimicry: Infection Inducing Autoimmune Disease","article-title":"HTLV-1 induced molecular mimicry in neurologic disease","author":"Lee","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.05.049","article-title":"Rules for nuclear localization sequence recognition by karyopherin beta 2","volume":"126","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.03.016","article-title":"Autoantibodies that recognize functional domains of hnRNPA1 implicate molecular mimicry in the pathogenesis of neurological disease","volume":"401","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289709015802","article-title":"HTLV-I associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP): a chronic progressive neurologic disease associated with immunologically mediated damage to the central nervous system","volume":"3","author":"Levin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199703203361205","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of HTLV-1 associated neurologic disease based on a spinal cord biopsy from a patient with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP)","volume":"336","author":"Levin","year":"1997","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440115","article-title":"Neuronal molecular mimicry in immune mediated neurologic disease","volume":"44","author":"Levin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0502-509","article-title":"Autoimmunity due to molecular mimicry as a cause of neurological disease","volume":"8","author":"Levin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1086\/344734","article-title":"Cross-reactivity between immunodominant human T lymphotropic virus type I tax and neurons: implications for molecular mimicry","volume":"186","author":"Levin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20471","article-title":"Autoimmunity to heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein in neurological disease","volume":"57","author":"Levin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh031","article-title":"Serum autoantibodies to cell surface determinants in multiple sclerosis: a flow cytometric study","volume":"127","author":"Lily","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0502-500","article-title":"Gene-microarray analysis of multiple sclerosis lesions yields new targets validated in autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"8","author":"Lock","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.2.308","article-title":"Axonal changes in chronic demyelinated cervical spinal cord plaques","volume":"123","author":"Lovas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1991.tb08128.x","article-title":"Antibody penetration of viable human cells. I. Increased penetration of human lymphocytes by anti-RNP IgG","volume":"84","author":"Ma","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20890","article-title":"B lineage cells in the inflammatory central nervous system environment: migration, maintenance, local antibody production, and therapeutic modulation","volume":"59","author":"Meinl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90119-1","article-title":"A nuclear export signal in hnRNP A1: a signal-mediated, temperature-dependent nuclear protein export pathway","volume":"83","author":"Michael","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.2000.4827","article-title":"The RGG domain in hnRNP A2 affects subcellular localization","volume":"256","author":"Nichols","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2005.06.031","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid levels of neurofilament light in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"67","author":"Norgren","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200009283431307","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis","volume":"343","author":"Noseworthy","year":"2000","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.12.13.1255","article-title":"Molecular mimicry and immune mediated disease","volume":"12","author":"Oldstone","year":"1998","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-05-01802.1992","article-title":"Pure, postmitotic, polarized human neurons derived from NTera 2 cells provide a system for expressing exogenous proteins in terminally differentiated neurons","volume":"12","author":"Pleasure","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wco.0000313359.61176.15","article-title":"The role of B cells in multiple sclerosis: rationale for B-cell-targeted therapies","volume":"21","author":"Racke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.1.68","article-title":"Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein P2 is an autoantibody target in mice deficient for Mer, Axl, and Tyro3 receptor tyrosine kinases","volume":"176","author":"Radic","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.06.010","article-title":"Phenotypic characterization of autoreactive T cells in multiple sclerosis","volume":"178","author":"Ratts","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1177\/135245859700300601","article-title":"Antibodies to the axolemma-enriched fraction in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases","volume":"3","author":"Rawes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.5224304","article-title":"Transportins 1 and 2 are redundant nuclear import factors for hnRNP A1 and HuR","volume":"10","author":"Rebane","year":"2004","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06482","article-title":"Structural basis of microtubule severing by the hereditary spastic paraplegia protein spastin","volume":"451","author":"Roll-Mecak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0370","first-page":"121","article-title":"Penetration of autoantibodies into living cells, 2000","volume":"3","author":"Ruiz-Arguelles","year":"2001","journal-title":"Isr. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440621","article-title":"Increased circulating antiganglioside antibodies in primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis","volume":"44","author":"Sadatipour","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70258-8","article-title":"Hereditary spastic paraplegia: clinical features and pathogenetic mechanisms","volume":"7","author":"Salinas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.11.054","article-title":"Fluoro-Jade C results in ultra high resolution and contrast labeling of degenerating neurons","volume":"1035","author":"Schmued","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.9.1372","article-title":"Patients with progressive multiple sclerosis have elevated antibodies to neurofilament subunit","volume":"58","author":"Silber","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2005.06.001","article-title":"Traffic accidents: molecular genetic insights into the pathogenesis of the hereditary spastic paraplegias","volume":"109","author":"Soderblom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2114","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of the nuclear protein import cycle","volume":"8","author":"Stewart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20276","article-title":"Autoantibodies against heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein B1 in CSF of MS patients","volume":"56","author":"Sueoka","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094313","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: an immune or neurodegenerative disorder?","volume":"31","author":"Trapp","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199801293380502","article-title":"Axonal transection in the lesions of multiple sclerosis","volume":"338","author":"Trapp","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.06.058","article-title":"The hereditary spastic paraplegia gene, spastin, regulates microtubule stability to modulate synaptic structure and function","volume":"14","author":"Trotta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(00)00324-5","article-title":"Axonal damage revealed by accumulation of beta-amyloid precursor protein in HTLV-I-associated myelopathy","volume":"176","author":"Umehara","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0430","first-page":"831","article-title":"Epitope spreading","volume":"8","author":"Vanderlugt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn221","article-title":"Stiff, twitchy or wobbly: are GAD antibodies pathogenic?","volume":"131","author":"Vincent","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3164","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq302","article-title":"Successful 'passive transfer' of paraneoplastic stiff person syndrome with antibodies to an intracellular antigen","volume":"133","author":"Vincent","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2004.11.008","article-title":"Nuclear localizing anti-DNA antibodies enter cells via caveoli and modulate expression of caveolin and p53","volume":"24","author":"Yanase","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11404","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402391101","article-title":"Carbohydrate mimicry between human ganglioside GM1 and Campylobacter jejuni lipooligosaccharide causes Guillain\u2013Barre syndrome","volume":"101","author":"Yuki","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165572811000312?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165572811000312?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T08:17:33Z","timestamp":1759047453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165572811000312"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165572811000312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-5728"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-5728","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A potential link between autoimmunity and neurodegeneration in immune-mediated neurological disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Neuroimmunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.02.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}