{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:58:24Z","timestamp":1791349104792,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jni-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]],"date-time":"2013-01-08T17:17:32Z","timestamp":1357665452000},"page":"55-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Expansion of circulating counterparts of follicular helper T cells in patients with myasthenia gravis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"256","author":[{"given":"Chuanming","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weibin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiyu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis and related diseases: disorders of the neuromuscular junction. Proceedings of a conference. Santa Monica, California, USA. May 7\u201310, 1997","volume":"841","author":"anon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1987.tb51282.x","article-title":"The role of the thymus in myasthenia gravis: immunohistological and immunological studies in 115 cases","volume":"505","author":"Berrih-Aknin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4927","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.7.4927","article-title":"ICOS deficiency is associated with a severe reduction of CXCR5+CD4 germinal center Th cells","volume":"177","author":"Bossaller","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2843","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29894","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis: past, present, and future","volume":"116","author":"Conti-Fine","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-031210-101400","article-title":"Follicular helper CD4 T cells (TFH)","volume":"29","author":"Crotty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1837","article-title":"Effectors and memories: Bcl-6 and Blimp-1 in T and B lymphocyte differentiation","volume":"11","author":"Crotty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.03.003","article-title":"Follicular helper T cells: lineage and location","volume":"30","author":"Fazilleau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1877","article-title":"PD-1 regulates germinal center B cell survival and the formation and affinity of long-lived plasma cells","volume":"11","author":"Good-Jacobson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113369","article-title":"Amphipathic segment of the nicotinic receptor alpha subunit contains epitopes recognized by T lymphocytes in myasthenia gravis","volume":"81","author":"Hohlfeld","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/16717","article-title":"ICOS is an inducible T-cell co-stimulator structurally and functionally related to CD28","volume":"397","author":"Hutloff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090331","article-title":"PD-1 and its ligands in tolerance and immunity","volume":"26","author":"Keir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.26.021607.090344","article-title":"T follicular helper (TFH) cells in normal and dysregulated immune responses","volume":"26","author":"King","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2009.019133","article-title":"A novel subset of T-helper cells: follicular T-helper cells and their markers","volume":"95","author":"Laurent","year":"2010","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3109\/08916930903563491","article-title":"Thymic remodeling associated with hyperplasia in myasthenia gravis","volume":"43","author":"Le Panse","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081886","article-title":"Follicular helper T cells are required for systemic autoimmunity","volume":"206","author":"Linterman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2889","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002955","article-title":"Memory CD4 T cells that express CXCR5 provide accelerated help to B cells","volume":"186","author":"MacLeod","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/35051107","article-title":"ICOS is critical for CD40-mediated antibody class switching","volume":"409","author":"McAdam","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113401","article-title":"Thymus in myasthenia gravis. Isolation of T-lymphocyte lines specific for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from thymuses of myasthenic patients","volume":"81","author":"Melms","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-06-2383","article-title":"The chemokine CXCL13 is a key molecule in autoimmune myasthenia gravis","volume":"108","author":"Meraouna","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70063-8","article-title":"Autoimmune myasthenia gravis: emerging clinical and biological heterogeneity","volume":"8","author":"Meriggioli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117050","article-title":"Epitopes on the beta subunit of human muscle acetylcholine receptor recognized by CD4+ cells of myasthenia gravis patients and healthy subjects","volume":"93","author":"Moiola","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4686","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.9.4686","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis. Residues of the alpha and gamma subunits of muscle acetylcholine receptor involved in formation of immunodominant CD4+ epitopes","volume":"152","author":"Moiola","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.12.012","article-title":"Human blood CXCR5(+)CD4(+) T cells are counterparts of T follicular cells and contain specific subsets that differentially support antibody secretion","volume":"34","author":"Morita","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1176676","article-title":"Bcl6 mediates the development of T follicular helper cells","volume":"325","author":"Nurieva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1077002","article-title":"A critical role for IL-21 in regulating immunoglobulin production","volume":"298","author":"Ozaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636136","article-title":"Follicular B helper T cell activity is confined to CXCR5(hi)ICOS(hi) CD4 T cells and is independent of CD57 expression","volume":"36","author":"Rasheed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2005.09.001","article-title":"Altered expression of chemokine receptor CXCR5 on T cells of myasthenia gravis patients","volume":"170","author":"Saito","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.11.1553","article-title":"CXC chemokine receptor 5 expression defines follicular homing T cells with B cell helper function","volume":"192","author":"Schaerli","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.02.013","article-title":"Ectopic and high CXCL13 chemokine expression in myasthenia gravis with thymic lymphoid hyperplasia","volume":"221","author":"Shiao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1002\/art.25032","article-title":"Expansion of circulating T cells resembling follicular helper T cells is a fixed phenotype that identifies a subset of severe systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"62","author":"Simpson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/35051113","article-title":"ICOS is essential for effective T-helper-cell responses","volume":"409","author":"Tafuri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.01.006","article-title":"Blood relatives of follicular helper T cells","volume":"34","author":"Vinuesa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1714","article-title":"Follicular B helper T cells in antibody responses and autoimmunity","volume":"5","author":"Vinuesa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2637","article-title":"Dysregulation of germinal centres in autoimmune disease","volume":"9","author":"Vinuesa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-07-2955","article-title":"Human ICOS deficiency abrogates the germinal center reaction and provides a monogenic model for common variable immunodeficiency","volume":"107","author":"Warnatz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2003","article-title":"Increased frequency of follicular helper T cells in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease","volume":"97","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091777","article-title":"IL-21 regulates germinal center B cell differentiation and proliferation through a B cell-intrinsic mechanism","volume":"207","author":"Zotos","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165572812003347?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165572812003347?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T08:19:58Z","timestamp":1759047598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165572812003347"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165572812003347"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-5728"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-5728","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Expansion of circulating counterparts of follicular helper T cells in patients with myasthenia gravis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Neuroimmunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.12.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}