{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T10:55:37Z","timestamp":1759056937129,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jni-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,28]],"date-time":"2014-02-28T03:31:29Z","timestamp":1393558289000},"page":"44-51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Morphine increases hippocampal viral load and suppresses frontal lobe CCL5 expression in the LP-BM5 AIDS model"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"269","author":[{"given":"Virginia D.","family":"McLane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colin L.","family":"Willis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1824","article-title":"Astrocyte\u2013endothelial interactions at the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"7","author":"Abbott","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.11.2043","article-title":"HIV encephalitis, proviral load and dementia in drug users and homosexuals with AIDS. Effect of neocortical involvement","volume":"121","author":"Bell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3724","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201313","article-title":"Murine immunodeficiency virus-induced peripheral neuropathy and the associated cytokine responses","volume":"189","author":"Cao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)02637-3","article-title":"Regional variation in brain capillary density and vascular response to ischemia","volume":"910","author":"Cavaglia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.50.4.349","article-title":"Modulation of tumor necrosis factor and gamma interferon production by cocaine and morphine in aging mice infected with LP-BM5, a murine retrovirus","volume":"50","author":"Chen","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.65.2.823-828.1991","article-title":"Expression of defective virus and cytokine genes in murine AIDS","volume":"65","author":"Cheung","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01210-08","article-title":"Modulation of macrophage infiltration and inflammatory activity by the phosphatase SHP-1 in virus-induced demyelinating disease","volume":"83","author":"Christophi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(02)00256-2","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of LP-BM5 murine leukemia retrovirus RNA using real-time RT-PCR","volume":"108","author":"Cook","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65511-3","article-title":"Blood\u2013brain barrier tight junction disruption in human immunodeficiency virus-1 encephalitis","volume":"155","author":"Dallasta","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20148","article-title":"Synergistic increases in intracellular Ca2+, and the release of MCP-1, RANTES, and IL-6 by astrocytes treated with opiates and HIV-1 Tat","volume":"50","author":"El-Hage","year":"2005","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-008-9127-1","article-title":"CCL5\/RANTES gene deletion attenuates opioid-induced increases in glial CCL2\/MCP-1 immunoreactivity and activation in HIV-1 Tat-exposed mice","volume":"3","author":"El-Hage","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4093","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004093","article-title":"Morphine exacerbates HIV-1 Tat-induced cytokine production in astrocytes through convergent effects on [Ca(2+)](i), NF-\u03baB trafficking and transcription","volume":"3","author":"El-Hage","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401701","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 opens a paracellular route for HIV-1 invasion across the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"3","author":"Fiala","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.2.209-219.2003","article-title":"Microbial infections, immunomodulation, and drugs of abuse","volume":"16","author":"Friedman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.534388","article-title":"Dysfunctional cell\u2013cell signaling in the neurovascular unit as a paradigm for central nervous system disease","volume":"40","author":"Guo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1177\/026988110001400307","article-title":"Morphine inhibits human microglial cell production of, and migration towards, RANTES","volume":"14","author":"Hu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0085","first-page":"313","article-title":"Modeling HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in mice: new approaches in the changing face of HIV neuropathogenesis","volume":"5","author":"Jaeger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)31692-7","article-title":"Further studies on the enhanced affinity of opioid receptors for naloxone in morphine-dependent mice","volume":"209","author":"Kitano","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.09.042","article-title":"A coat of many colors: neuroimmune crosstalk in human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"64","author":"Kraft-Terry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)01734-5","article-title":"Increased blood\u2013brain barrier permeability in LP-BM5 infected mice is mediated by neuroexcitatory mechanisms","volume":"839","author":"Kustova","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(90)90229-W","article-title":"Heterogeneity in the distribution and morphology of microglia in the normal adult mouse brain","volume":"39","author":"Lawson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5777","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02711-05","article-title":"The role of CD4 T cells in the pathogenesis of murine AIDS","volume":"80","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(01)00456-7","article-title":"Reversal of morphine-induced memory impairment in mice by withdrawal in Morris water maze: possible involvement of cholinergic system","volume":"68","author":"Li","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-008-9208-1","article-title":"Tight junction regulation by morphine and HIV-1 Tat modulates blood\u2013brain barrier permeability","volume":"28","author":"Mahajan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(94)00175-G","article-title":"A direct comparison of GFAP immunocytochemistry and GFAP concentration in various regions of ethanol-fixed rat and mouse brain","volume":"58","author":"Martin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2009.12.001","article-title":"Heterogeneity in astrocyte morphology and physiology","volume":"63","author":"Matyash","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2004.08.042","article-title":"HIV dementia: an evolving disease","volume":"157","author":"McArthur","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00181-2","article-title":"Opioids, opioid receptors, and the immune response","volume":"62","author":"McCarthy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199207000-00001","article-title":"Retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency in the mouse: MAIDS as a model for AIDS","volume":"6","author":"Morse","year":"1992","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-10-98","article-title":"T-cell reconstitution during murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS) produces neuroinflammation and mortality in animals harboring opportunistic viral brain infection","volume":"10","author":"Mutnal","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S62","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200210012-00006","article-title":"Molecular basis for interactions of HIV and drugs of abuse","volume":"31","author":"Nath","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-011-9307-2","article-title":"Morphine induces splenocyte trafficking into the CNS","volume":"7","author":"Olin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2007.02.009","article-title":"Type I interferon response in the central nervous system","volume":"89","author":"Paul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.141.10.3611","article-title":"Abnormal regulation of IFN-alpha,-beta, and-gamma expression in MAIDS, a murine retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"141","author":"Pitha","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/953678","article-title":"Interactive effects of morphine on HIV infection: role in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder","volume":"2012","author":"Reddy","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32828e4e27","article-title":"The prevalence and incidence of neurocognitive impairment in the HAART era","volume":"21","author":"Robertson","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-011-9292-5","article-title":"Opioid drug abuse and modulation of immune function: consequences in the susceptibility to opportunistic infections","volume":"6","author":"Roy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09620.x","article-title":"The encephalopathy associated with murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"840","author":"Sei","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.05.015","article-title":"Breaking down the barrier: the effects of HIV-1 on the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"1399","author":"Strazza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2990.1999.00197.x","article-title":"Upregulation of microglia in drug users with and without pre-symptomatic HIV infection","volume":"25","author":"Tomlinson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05756.x","article-title":"Morphine and HIV-Tat increase microglial-free radical production and oxidative stress: possible role in cytokine regulation","volume":"108","author":"Turchan-Cholewo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"year":"2013","series-title":"UNAIDS Global Report 2013","author":"UNAIDS","key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0210"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2010.11.042","article-title":"Inhibition of anti-HIV microRNA expression: a mechanism for opioid-mediated enhancement of HIV infection of monocytes","volume":"178","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1998.tb00153.x","article-title":"Distribution of brain HIV load in AIDS","volume":"8","author":"Wiley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.2174\/138161208784705414","article-title":"Chronic inflammatory pain and the neurovascular unit: a central role for glia in maintaining BBB integrity","volume":"14","author":"Willis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20049","article-title":"Reversible disruption of tight junction complexes in the rat blood\u2013brain barrier, following transitory focal astrocyte loss","volume":"48","author":"Willis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.119","article-title":"Protein kinase c activation modulates reversible increase in cortical blood\u2013brain barrier permeability and tight junction protein expression during hypoxia and posthypoxic reoxygenation","volume":"30","author":"Willis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-009-9174-2","article-title":"CNS inflammation and macrophage\/microglial biology associated with HIV-1 infection","volume":"4","author":"Yadav","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-010-9211-1","article-title":"HIV neuropathogenesis: a tight rope walk of innate immunity","volume":"5","author":"Yao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-009-0123-x","article-title":"Bovine serum albumin promotes IL-1beta and TNF-alpha secretion by N9 microglial cells","volume":"30","author":"Zhao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165572814000605?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165572814000605?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T08:21:38Z","timestamp":1759047698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165572814000605"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165572814000605"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-5728"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0165-5728"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Morphine increases hippocampal viral load and suppresses frontal lobe CCL5 expression in the LP-BM5 AIDS model","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Neuroimmunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.02.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}