{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:31:14Z","timestamp":1790886674472,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jni-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,9]],"date-time":"2014-05-09T23:31:18Z","timestamp":1399678278000},"page":"67-75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Immune complex formation and in situ B-cell clonal expansion in human cerebral cavernous malformations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"272","author":[{"given":"Changbin","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1300-6845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Shenkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Kinloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1785-5772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott G.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4066-2693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Shaaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita S.","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus R.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Issam A.","family":"Awad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1086\/426952","article-title":"Mutations within the programmed cell death 10 gene cause cerebral cavernous malformations","volume":"76","author":"Bergametti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.189.1.8372185","article-title":"MR appearance of hemorrhage in the brain","volume":"189","author":"Bradley","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21311","article-title":"Homogeneity of active demyelinating lesions in established multiple sclerosis","volume":"63","author":"Breij","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI44393","article-title":"Mutations in 2 distinct genetic pathways result in cerebral cavernous malformations in mice","volume":"121","author":"Chan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001983","article-title":"In situ B cell-mediated immune responses and tubulointerstitial inflammation in human lupus nephritis","volume":"186","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000333306.64683.b5","article-title":"Evidence of inflammatory cell involvement in brain arteriovenous malformations","volume":"62","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199911000-00024","article-title":"Inflammation and intracranial aneurysms","volume":"45","author":"Chyatte","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1086\/381718","article-title":"Mutations within the MGC4607 gene cause cerebral cavernous malformations","volume":"74","author":"Denier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20947","article-title":"Genotype\u2013phenotype correlations in cerebral cavernous malformations patients","volume":"60","author":"Denier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000440729.59133.c9","article-title":"Pathobiology of human cerebrovascular malformations: basic mechanisms and clinical relevance","volume":"55","author":"Gault","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000249188.38409.03","article-title":"Spectrum of genotype and clinical manifestations in cerebral cavernous malformations","volume":"59","author":"Gault","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000183616.99139.d3","article-title":"Cerebral venous malformations have distinct genetic origin from cerebral cavernous malformations","volume":"36","author":"Guclu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.590976","article-title":"Critical roles of macrophages in the formation of intracranial aneurysm","volume":"42","author":"Kanematsu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/13815","article-title":"Truncating mutations in CCM1, encoding KRIT1, cause hereditary cavernous angiomas","volume":"23","author":"Laberge-le Couteulx","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1086\/380314","article-title":"Mutations in a gene encoding a novel protein containing a phosphotyrosine-binding domain cause type 2 cerebral cavernous malformations","volume":"73","author":"Liquori","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2007.00767.x","article-title":"Terbinafine-induced dermatomyositis: a case report and literature review of drug-induced dermatomyositis","volume":"35","author":"Magro","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199510000-00001","article-title":"Intracranial cavernous malformations: lesion behavior and management strategies","volume":"37","author":"Maraire","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddq433","article-title":"A novel mouse model of cerebral cavernous malformations based on the two-hit mutation hypothesis recapitulates the human disease","volume":"20","author":"McDonald","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.625467","article-title":"Fasudil decreases lesion burden in a murine model of cerebral cavernous malformation disease","volume":"43","author":"McDonald","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1896","article-title":"Targeting of somatic hypermutation","volume":"6","author":"Odegard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"82\u201383","key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0105","first-page":"128","article-title":"131 cases of cavernous angioma (cavernomas) of the CNS, discovered by retrospective analysis of 24,535 autopsies","volume":"35","author":"Otten","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.5.2725","article-title":"Single-cell repertoire analysis demonstrates that clonal expansion is a prominent feature of the B cell response in multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"171","author":"Owens","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-0674(91)90045-Z","article-title":"Assembly of macromolecular pores by immune defense systems","volume":"3","author":"Peitsch","year":"1991","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63409-8","article-title":"Loss of p53 sensitizes mice with a mutation in Ccm1 (KRIT1) to development of cerebral vascular malformations","volume":"165","author":"Plummer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2006.041079","article-title":"Cerebral cavernous malformation: new molecular and clinical insights","volume":"43","author":"Revencu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1987.67.4.0518","article-title":"The MRI appearance of cavernous malformations (angiomas)","volume":"67","author":"Rigamonti","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1991.75.5.0709","article-title":"Natural history of the cavernous angioma","volume":"75","author":"Robinson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0140","first-page":"547","article-title":"Pathological heterogeneity of angiographically occult vascular malformations of the brain","volume":"33","author":"Robinson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8386","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.12.8386","article-title":"Cloning the arterial IgA antibody response during acute Kawasaki disease","volume":"175","author":"Rowley","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/8.12.2325","article-title":"Mutations in the gene encoding KRIT1, a Krev-1\/rap1a binding protein, cause cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM1)","volume":"8","author":"Sahoo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1038\/339620a0","article-title":"Vesicular removal by oligodendrocytes of membrane attack complexes formed by activated complement","volume":"339","author":"Scolding","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS-07\/11\/1023","article-title":"Oligoclonal immune response in cerebral cavernous malformations. Laboratory investigation","volume":"107","author":"Shi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.538769","article-title":"Immune response in human cerebral cavernous malformations","volume":"40","author":"Shi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198712000-00016","article-title":"Clinicopathological relations of cerebral cavernous angiomas: observations in eleven cases","volume":"21","author":"Steiger","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.103.5.0903","article-title":"Ultrastructural characteristics of hemorrhagic, nonhemorrhagic, and recurrent cavernous malformations","volume":"103","author":"Tu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000245598.84698.26","article-title":"Complement activation associates with saccular cerebral artery aneurysm wall degeneration and rupture","volume":"59","author":"Tulamo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.05.013","article-title":"Cutaneous vascular deposition of C5b-9 and its role as a diagnostic adjunct in the setting of diabetes mellitus and porphyria cutanea tarda","volume":"56","author":"Vasil","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910350108","article-title":"The relation between brain iron and NMR relaxation times: an in vitro study","volume":"35","author":"Vymazal","year":"1996","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200006000-00027","article-title":"Ultrastructural pathological features of cerebrovascular malformations: a preliminary report","volume":"46","author":"Wong","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-008-9268-2","article-title":"Complement activation is involved in renal damage in human antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody associated pauci-immune vasculitis","volume":"29","author":"Xing","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165572814001416?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165572814001416?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T08:23:48Z","timestamp":1759047828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165572814001416"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0165572814001416"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-5728"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-5728","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Immune complex formation and in situ B-cell clonal expansion in human cerebral cavernous malformations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Neuroimmunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.04.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}