{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:12:33Z","timestamp":1790190753799,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFC0901504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0901504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81870988"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870988"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jni-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,9]],"date-time":"2019-05-09T07:52:58Z","timestamp":1557388378000},"page":"216-223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effect of low-dose rituximab treatment on T- and B-cell lymphocyte imbalance in refractory myasthenia gravis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"332","author":[{"given":"Sisi","family":"Jing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sushan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianying","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chongbo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.12111","article-title":"Rituximab for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a story of rapid success in translation","volume":"7","author":"Harrison","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827b907b","article-title":"Complete stable remission and autoantibody specificity in myasthenia gravis","volume":"80","author":"Baggi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-11-3900","article-title":"Functional defect of regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells in the thymus of patients with autoimmune myasthenia gravis","volume":"105","author":"Balandina","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12472","article-title":"Effect of rituximab on B cell phenotype and serum B cell-activating factor levels in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"179","author":"Becerra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26156","article-title":"Rituximab in refractory myasthenia gravis: extended prospective study results","volume":"58","author":"Beecher","year":"2018","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132723","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in the control of host-microorganism interactions","volume":"27","author":"Belkaid","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2889","article-title":"Mechanisms of impaired regulation by CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in human autoimmune diseases","volume":"10","author":"Buckner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/immu.200390024","article-title":"Isolation and functional characterization of regulatory CD25brightCD4+ T cells from the target organ of patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"33","author":"Cao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-017-0892-8","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis","volume":"14","author":"Danikowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182407982","article-title":"Long-lasting treatment effect of rituximab in MuSK myasthenia","volume":"78","author":"D\u00edaz-Manera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6092","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.10.6092","article-title":"Distinct effector cytokine profiles of memory and naive human B cell subsets and implication in multiple sclerosis","volume":"178","author":"Duddy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.314","article-title":"Rituximab in refractory myasthenia gravis: a prospective, open-label study with long-term follow-up","volume":"3","author":"Dustin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.03.009","article-title":"Interleukin-12 converts Foxp3+ regulatory T cells to interferon-gamma-producing Foxp3+ T cells that inhibit colitis","volume":"140","author":"Feng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.009","article-title":"Impairment of regulatory T cells in myasthenia gravis: studies in an experimental model","volume":"12","author":"Gertel-Lapter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e77","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000077","article-title":"Characterization of B cells in muscle-specific kinase antibody myasthenia gravis","volume":"2","author":"Guptill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-07-294249","article-title":"Characterization of a rare IL-10-competent B-cell subset in humans that parallels mouse regulatory B10 cells","volume":"117","author":"Iwata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2017.05.021","article-title":"Responsiveness to low-dose rituximab in refractory generalized myasthenia gravis","volume":"311","author":"Jing","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0090","first-page":"255","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of refractory myasthenia gravis patients","volume":"86","author":"Joome","year":"2013","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00043","article-title":"Regulatory B cells in seropositive myasthenia gravis versus healthy controls","volume":"8","author":"Karim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2011.11.018","article-title":"Human CD19(+)CD25(high) B regulatory cells suppress proliferation of CD4(+) T cells and enhance Foxp3 and CTLA-4 expression in T-regulatory cells","volume":"11","author":"Kessel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-014-0424-x","article-title":"B cells in MS and NMO: pathogenesis and therapy","volume":"36","author":"Krumbholz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115601","article-title":"A central role for central tolerance","volume":"24","author":"Kyewski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-010-0753-z","article-title":"Low-dose rituximab combined with short-term glucocorticoids up-regulates Treg cell levels in patients with immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"93","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(200004)23:4<453::AID-MUS3>3.0.CO;2-O","article-title":"Acetylcholine receptors and myasthenia","volume":"23","author":"Lindstrom","year":"2000","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2008.03.003","article-title":"Cytokine-producing B lymphocytes \u2013 key regulators of immunity","volume":"20","author":"Lund","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2729","article-title":"Effector and regulatory B cells: modulators of CD4+ T cell immunity","volume":"10","author":"Lund","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.07.012","article-title":"Thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis: outcome, clinical and pathological correlations in 197 patients on a 20-year experience","volume":"201","author":"Maggi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285617749134","article-title":"When myasthenia gravis is deemed refractory: clinical signposts and treatment strategies","volume":"11","author":"Mantegazza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13562","article-title":"Rituximab in myasthenia gravis: a \u201cto be or not to be\u201d inhibitor of T cell function","volume":"1413","author":"Marino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.03.016","article-title":"Clinical implication of peripheral CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and Th17 cells in myasthenia gravis patients","volume":"225","author":"Masuda","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-074934","article-title":"Immune regulatory function of B cells","volume":"30","author":"Mauri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190425","article-title":"Long-term safety of rituximab induced peripheral B-cell depletion in autoimmune neurological diseases","volume":"13","author":"Memon","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2014.12.007","article-title":"Reduction in peripheral regulatory T cell population in childhood ocular type myasthenia gravis","volume":"37","author":"Nishimura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201344280","article-title":"Regulatory T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"45","author":"Ohl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201445036","article-title":"B cells expressing IFN-\u03b3 suppress Treg-cell differentiation and promote autoimmune experimental arthritis","volume":"45","author":"Olalekan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R123","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2789","article-title":"Short- and long-term effects of anti-CD20 treatment on B cell ontogeny in bone marrow of patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"11","author":"Rehnberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0185","first-page":"156","article-title":"Regulatory B cells and mechanisms","volume":"35","author":"Rinc\u00f3n-Ar\u00e9valo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.4190","article-title":"Durability of the rituximab response in acetylcholine receptor autoantibody-positive myasthenia gravis","volume":"74","author":"Robeson","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2006.00427.x","article-title":"Foxp3+ CD25+ CD4+ natural regulatory T cells in dominant self-tolerance and autoimmune disease","volume":"212","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2016.05.004","article-title":"Impaired regulatory B cells in myasthenia gravis","volume":"297","author":"Sheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201338233","article-title":"Regulatory T cells suppress CD4+ T cells through NFAT-dependent transcriptional mechanisms","volume":"15","author":"Shin","year":"2015","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/CND.0000000000000034","article-title":"Treatment-refractory myasthenia gravis","volume":"15","author":"Silvestri","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neuromuscul. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09296-y","article-title":"Rituximab as induction therapy in refractory myasthenia gravis: 18 month follow-up study","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23951","article-title":"Interleukin-10 producing-B cells and their association with responsiveness to rituximab in myasthenia gravis","volume":"49","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1061965","article-title":"BAFF-R, a newly identified TNF receptor that specifically interacts with BAFF","volume":"293","author":"Thompson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.001","article-title":"Pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis with antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor, muscle-specific kinase and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4","volume":"12","author":"Verschuuren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R83","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1954","article-title":"Clinical and immunological effects of rituximab in patients with lupus nephritis refractory to conventional therapy: a pilot study","volume":"8","author":"Vigna-Perez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11501","article-title":"Regulatory B cells control T-cell autoimmunity through IL-21-dependent cognate interactions","volume":"491","author":"Yoshizaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.7.1062-a","article-title":"Rituximab for myasthenia gravis developing after bone marrow transplant","volume":"55","author":"Zaja","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2008.11.015","article-title":"The role of FoxP3+CD4+CD25hi Tregs in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis","volume":"122","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165572819300645?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165572819300645?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T08:37:14Z","timestamp":1759048634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165572819300645"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0165572819300645"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-5728"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-5728","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of low-dose rituximab treatment on T- and B-cell lymphocyte imbalance in refractory myasthenia gravis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Neuroimmunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.05.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}