{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T10:25:37Z","timestamp":1789640737826,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jni-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T11:39:34Z","timestamp":1625053174000},"page":"577649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cerebrospinal fluid immune markers and HIV-associated neurocognitive impairments: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"358","author":[{"given":"Monray E.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan J.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Joska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petrus J.W.","family":"Naud\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002516","article-title":"Microbial translocation is associated with increased monocyte activation and dementia in AIDS patients","volume":"3","author":"Ancuta","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002484","article-title":"Cognitive and neuronal link with inflammation","author":"Anderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAIDS J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Publish Ah."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10762","article-title":"HIV-1 tat protein alters tight junction protein expression and distribution in cultured brain endothelial cells","volume":"74","author":"Andr\u00e1s","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000287431.88658.8b","article-title":"Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders","volume":"69","author":"Antinori","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(92)80909-Z","article-title":"Interleukin-8, a chemotactic and inflammatory cytokine","author":"Baggiolini","year":"1992","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00187","article-title":"HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment in the modern ART era: are we close to discovering reliable biomarkers in the setting of virological suppression?","author":"Bandera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05032-11","article-title":"Multisite comparison of high-sensitivity multiplex cytokine assays","author":"Breen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0040","first-page":"382","article-title":"Osteopontin enhances HIV replication and is increased in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-infected individuals","volume":"17","author":"Brown","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuro-Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32836010bd","article-title":"Elevated sCD163 in plasma but not cerebrospinal fluid is a marker of neurocognitive impairment in HIV infection","volume":"27","author":"Burdo","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0050","first-page":"23","article-title":"Plasma CXCL10 correlates with HAND in HIV infected women HHS public access","volume":"26","author":"Burlacu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuro-Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1086\/650538","article-title":"Discordance between cerebral spinal fluid and plasma HIV replication in patients with neurological symptoms who are receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy","author":"Canestri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9111269","article-title":"Impact of high-dose multi-strain probiotic supplementation on neurocognitive performance and central nervous system immune activation of HIV-1 infected individuals","author":"Ceccarelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002347","article-title":"Association of Antiretroviral Drug Regimen with viral suppression in HIV-positive children on antiretroviral therapy in Eswatini","author":"Chouraya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70269-X","article-title":"HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder","volume":"13","author":"Clifford","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.11.006","article-title":"Plasma cytokine concentrations associated with HIV\/hepatitis C coinfection are related to attention, executive and psychomotor functioning","volume":"233","author":"Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy337","article-title":"Normalization of soluble CD163 levels after institution of antiretroviral therapy during acute HIV infection tracks with fewer neurological abnormalities","volume":"218","author":"D\u2019Antoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1970-8","article-title":"Defining cognitive impairment in people-living-with-HIV: the POPPY study","volume":"16","author":"De Francesco","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17094","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17094","article-title":"Circulating HIV DNA correlates with neurocognitive impairment in older HIV-infected adults on suppressive ART","volume":"5","author":"De Oliveira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-015-0257-3","article-title":"Central Nervous System Penetration of Antiretroviral Drugs: Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacogenomic Considerations","author":"Decloedt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0100","article-title":"Short-term risk of disease progression in HIV-1-infected children receiving no antiretroviral therapy or zidovudine monotherapy: a meta-analysis","author":"Dunn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157160","article-title":"Increased Intrathecal immune activation in virally suppressed HIV-1 infected patients with neurocognitive impairment","author":"Ed\u00e9n","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-012-0018-x","article-title":"CSF penetration by antiretroviral drugs","author":"Eisfeld","year":"2013","journal-title":"CNS Drugs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32834a40cd","article-title":"CD4 nadir is a predictor of HIV neurocognitive impairment in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy","volume":"25","author":"Ellis","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.4679","article-title":"Interleukin-6, a major cytokine in the central nervous system","author":"Erta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2016.0138","article-title":"Cytokines, hepatic fibrosis, and antiretroviral therapy role in neurocognitive disorders HIV related","volume":"33","author":"Falasca","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6571","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.6571","article-title":"The many faces of IL-7: from Lymphopoiesis to peripheral T cell maintenance","volume":"174","author":"Fry","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2008.0299","article-title":"Differential effects of HIV type 1 clade B and clade C tat protein on expression of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines by primary monocytes","volume":"25","author":"Gandhi","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-356","article-title":"The definition of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: are we overestimating the real prevalence?","volume":"11","author":"Gissl\u00e9n","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-014-9567-8","article-title":"Plasma cytokine levels are related to brain volumes in HIV-infected individuals","volume":"9","author":"Gongvatana","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. NeuroImmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1527","article-title":"The neuropathogenesis of AIDS","volume":"5","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Scarano","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0155","first-page":"3","article-title":"HMGB1\/anti-HMGB1 antibodies define a molecular signature of early stages of HIV-associated neurocognitive Isorders (HAND)","author":"Gougeon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002121","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid extracellular vesicles and neurofilament light protein as biomarkers of central nervous system injury in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy","author":"Guha","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.56.5.559","article-title":"Essential involvement of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in acute inflammation","volume":"56","author":"Harada","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12257","article-title":"Soluble biomarkers of immune activation and inflammation in HIV infection: impact of 2 years of effective first-line combination antiretroviral therapy","volume":"16","author":"Hattab","year":"2015","journal-title":"HIV Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2014.10.008","article-title":"Role of the immune system in HIV-associated neuroinflammation and neurocognitive implications","author":"Hong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain. Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1258\/ijsa.2008.008389","article-title":"Correlates of HIV-1 viral suppression in a cohort of HIV-positive drug users receiving antiretroviral therapy in Hanoi","author":"Jordan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vietnam. Int. J. STD AIDS. doi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e318256f3bc","article-title":"Monocyte activation markers in cerebrospinal fluid associated with impaired neurocognitive testing in advanced HIV infection","volume":"60","author":"Kamat","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8212","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.14.8212","article-title":"Chemokines and activated macrophages in HIV gp120-induced neuronal apoptosis","volume":"96","author":"Kaul","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001096","article-title":"Sex differences in soluble markers vary before and after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy in chronically HIV-infected individuals","volume":"30","author":"Krebs","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(96)00090-7","article-title":"A comparative study of different enzyme immunosorbent assays for human tumor necrosis factor","author":"Kreuzer","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1601-6","article-title":"Cytokine and immune cell profiling in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neuro-inflammatory diseases","volume":"16","author":"Lepennetier","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6771","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100099","article-title":"IFN-\u03b3 mediates enhancement of HIV replication in astrocytes by inducing an antagonist of the \u03b2-catenin pathway (DKK1) in a STAT 3-dependent manner","volume":"186","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02939-20","article-title":"HIV-1 VPR-induced proinflammatory response and apoptosis are mediated through the SUR1-TRPM4 channel in astrocytes","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"MBio."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9247451","article-title":"Viral Suppression and its Associated Factors in HIV Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART): A Retrospective Study in the Ho Municipality, Ghana","author":"Lokpo","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Treat. doi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-013-9504-2","article-title":"A concise panel of biomarkers identifies neurocognitive functioning changes in HIV-infected individuals","volume":"8","author":"Marcotte","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. NeuroImmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00565-15","article-title":"Contrasting adult and infant immune responses to HIV infection and vaccination","author":"Martinez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001095","article-title":"Sex-related differences in inflammatory and immune activation markers before and after combined antiretroviral therapy initiation","volume":"73","author":"Mathad","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.11.214","article-title":"Markers of systemic inflammation in HIV-infected patients with different HIV RNA level","author":"Matuzkova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis. doi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-5-45","article-title":"TNF Signaling Inhibition in the CNS: Implications for normal brain function and neurodegenerative disease","author":"McCoy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0250","first-page":"439","article-title":"Central and peripheral markers of neurodegeneration and monocyte activation in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders","volume":"21","author":"McGuire","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuro-Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.12.112946","article-title":"Viral suppression after 12 months of antiretroviral therapy in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review","author":"McMahon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0260","first-page":"258","article-title":"Protein changes in CSF of HIV-infected patients: evidence for loss of neuroprotection","volume":"17","author":"Meeker","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuro-Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0265","first-page":"9","article-title":"Programming of neurotoxic cofactor CXCL-10 in HIV-1-associated dementia: abrogation of CXCL-10-induced neuro-glial toxicity in vitro by PKC activator","author":"Mehla","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14500","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.24.14500","article-title":"Chemokines regulate hippocampal neuronal signaling and gp120 neurotoxicity","volume":"95","author":"Meucci","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2015.03.017","article-title":"Amyloid beta-42 (A\u03b2-42), neprilysin and cytokine levels, A pilot study in patients with HIV related cognitive impairments","volume":"282","author":"Mothapo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0280","first-page":"250","article-title":"Soluble TLR2 and 4 concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in HIV\/SIV-related neuropathological conditions","volume":"23","author":"Mothapo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neuro-Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0285","article-title":"HIV-1 and HIV-1-Tat Induce Mitochondrial DNA Damage in Human Neurons","volume":"6","author":"N, D., A, D., N, M., ME, S., S, A","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. HIV AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0290","article-title":"Level and pattern of HIV-1-RNA viral load over age: differences between girls and boys?","author":"Newell","year":"2002","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2016.04.004","article-title":"CSF\/plasma HIV-1 RNA discordance even at low levels is associated with up-regulation of host inflammatory mediators in CSF","volume":"83","author":"Nightingale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0300","first-page":"157","article-title":"Cytokine levels in CSF and neuropsychological performance in HIV patients","volume":"18","author":"Nolting","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neuro-Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006112","article-title":"Early antiretroviral therapy is associated with lower HIV DNA molecular diversity and lower inflammation in cerebrospinal fluid but does not prevent the establishment of compartmentalized HIV DNA populations","volume":"13","author":"Oliveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2010.01.010","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediated signaling in neuronal homeostasis and dysfunction","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0315","first-page":"86","article-title":"Lentiviral expression of HIV-1 Vpr induces apoptosi in human neurons","volume":"8","author":"Patel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neuro-Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(01)00262-4","article-title":"Enhanced expression of fractalkine in HIV-1 associated dementia","volume":"115","author":"Pereira","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0325","first-page":"191","article-title":"Cell-free mitochondrial DNA in CSF is associated with early viral rebound, inflammation, and severity of neurocognitive deficits in HIV infection","volume":"22","author":"P\u00e9rez-Santiago","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuro-Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016032","article-title":"Identification and validation of novel cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for staging early Alzheimer\u2019s disease","author":"Perrin","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb5010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-018-0696-3","article-title":"Elevated cerebrospinal fluid Galectin-9 is associated with central nervous system immune activation and poor cognitive performance in older HIV-infected individuals","author":"Premeaux","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.04.003","article-title":"HIV\/neuroAIDS biomarkers","volume":"157","author":"Rahimian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000118","article-title":"Impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) timing on chronic immune activation\/inflammation and end-organ damage","author":"Rajasuriar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-10-61","article-title":"Clade C HIV-1 isolates circulating in southern Africa exhibit a greater frequency of dicysteine motif-containing tat variants than those in Southeast Asia and cause increased neurovirulence","volume":"10","author":"Rao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4835","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102048","article-title":"IL-1\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 recruit different myeloid cells and promote different stages of sterile inflammation","volume":"187","author":"Rider","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0355","first-page":"41","article-title":"Variability in C-reactive protein is associated with cognitive impairment in women living with and without HIV: a longitudinal study","volume":"24","author":"Rubin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neuro-Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000458","article-title":"Abdominal obesity contributes to neurocognitive impairment in HIV-infected patients with increased inflammation and immune activation","volume":"68","author":"Sattler","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116526","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) CD8+ T-cells that express interferon-gamma contribute to HIV associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND)","volume":"10","author":"Schrier","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0370","article-title":"ART in HIV-positive persons with low pretreatment Viremia: results from the START trial","volume":"81","author":"Sereti","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAIDS J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb5000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000145763.68284.15","article-title":"Evaluation of HIV RNA and markers of immune activation as predictors of HIV-associated dementia","volume":"63","author":"Sevigny","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.2741\/1271","article-title":"Elevated expression of IFN-gamma in the HIV-1 infected brain","volume":"9","author":"Shapshak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.3.366","article-title":"Novel panel of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for the prediction of progression to Alzheimer dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment","author":"Simonsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2019.154829","article-title":"Thermal stability of cytokines: a review","author":"Simpson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytokine."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2147\/NBHIV.S19969","article-title":"Expression of mannose binding lectin in HIV-1-infected brain: implications for HIV-related neuronal damage and neuroaids","volume":"3","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobehav. HIV Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410140404","article-title":"Neurological complications of acquired immune deficiency syndrome: analysis of 50 patients","author":"Snider","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-5-98","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid HIV infection and pleocytosis: relation to systemic infection and antiretroviral treatment","author":"Spudich","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb5005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3226","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.5.3226","article-title":"Functional synergy between CD40 ligand and HIV-1 Tat contributes to inflammation: implications in HIV type 1 dementia","volume":"178","author":"Sui","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0706737","article-title":"The challenge of HIV-1 subtype diversity","volume":"358","author":"Taylor","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001950","article-title":"Persistent central nervous system immune activation following more than 10 years of effective HIV antiretroviral treatment","author":"Ulfhammer","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.2020.34.s1.00254","article-title":"Comparison of serum cytokine measurement techniques between ELISA vs multiplex","author":"Ungaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142600","article-title":"Neurological response to cART vs. cART plus integrase inhibitor and ccr5 antagonist initiated during acute HIV","volume":"10","author":"Valcour","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS one"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.12.021","article-title":"Sex-specific associations between cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory marker levels and cognitive function in antiretroviral treated people living with HIV in rural Uganda","author":"Vecchio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain. Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410330604","article-title":"Intracerebral cytokine messenger RNA expression in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dememtia","volume":"33","author":"Wesselingh","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104689","article-title":"Peripheral immune dysregulation in the ART era of HIV-associated neurocognitive impairments: a systematic review","volume":"118","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002252","article-title":"Defining cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA escape: editorial review AIDS","author":"Winston","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnn.0000213916.10514.57","article-title":"Markers of macrophage activation and axonal injury are associated with prospective memory in HIV-1 disease","volume":"19","author":"Woods","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cogn. Behav. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb5015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390903264130","article-title":"HIV-associated deficits in action (verb) generation may reflect astrocytosis","volume":"32","author":"Woods","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-009-9102-5","article-title":"Cognitive neuropsychology of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders","author":"Woods","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.04.024","article-title":"MMPs\/TIMPs imbalances in the peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid are associated with the pathogenesis of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders","volume":"65","author":"Xing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0460","first-page":"144","article-title":"Cytokines in CSF correlate with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in the post-HAART era in China","volume":"19","author":"Yuan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuro-Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0465","first-page":"2015","article-title":"The relationship of CSF and plasma cytokine levels in HIV infected patients with neurocognitive impairment","author":"Yuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(00)00463-X","article-title":"Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-1 and caspase-1 in HIV-1 encephalitis","volume":"115","author":"Zhao","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0475","article-title":"Conceptual and methodological issues relevant to cytokine and inflammatory marker measurements in clinical research","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1466-8","article-title":"HIV-1 tat enhances purinergic P2Y4 receptor signaling to mediate inflammatory cytokine production and neuronal damage via PI3K\/Akt and ERK MAPK pathways","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroimmunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165572821001764?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0165572821001764?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T08:41:37Z","timestamp":1759048897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0165572821001764"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":100,"alternative-id":["S0165572821001764"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649","relation":{},"ISSN":["0165-5728"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0165-5728","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cerebrospinal fluid immune markers and HIV-associated neurocognitive impairments: A systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Neuroimmunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577649","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"577649"}}