{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T19:01:30Z","timestamp":1781809290388,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008750","name":"Shanghai Municipal Hospital Development Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SHDC2022CRD001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHDC2022CRD001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008750","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82201246"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82201246"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81870667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870667"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of nutrition, health and aging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T08:17:57Z","timestamp":1733473077000},"page":"100431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Neuroprotective effects of healthful plant-based diets on retinal structure: insights from a large cohort"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kangjia","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0115-7160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yupeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101361","article-title":"Retinal biomarkers in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"69","author":"Ge","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.08.009","article-title":"Spectral-domain OCT measurements in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"126","author":"Chan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10092394","article-title":"Ocular neurodegenerative diseases: interconnection between retina and cortical areas","volume":"10","author":"Marchesi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14706","article-title":"Relationships between retinal layer thickness and brain volumes in the UK Biobank cohort","volume":"28","author":"Chua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3366","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2691","article-title":"Quantitative subanalysis of cystoid spaces and outer nuclear layer using optical coherence tomography in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"50","author":"Kashani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5035","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1957169","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography","volume":"254","author":"Huang","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0335","article-title":"Macular segmentation with optical coherence tomography","volume":"46","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.11.009","article-title":"Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging in 67 321 adults: associations with macular thickness in the UK biobank study","volume":"123","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.08.015","article-title":"Comparison of associations with different macular inner retinal thickness parameters in a large cohort: the UK biobank","volume":"127","author":"Khawaja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.07.033","article-title":"Associations with retinal pigment epithelium thickness measures in a large cohort: results from the UK Biobank","volume":"124","author":"Ko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15051196","article-title":"Consumption of coffee and tea is associated with macular retinal nerve fiber layer thickness: results from the UK Biobank","volume":"15","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6704","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42523-9","article-title":"Healthy dietary patterns and the risk of individual chronic diseases in community-dwelling adults","volume":"14","author":"Shang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21293","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.18.021293","article-title":"Automated layer segmentation of macular OCT images using dual-scale gradient information","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0070","first-page":"786","article-title":"Grading diabetic retinopathy from stereoscopic color fundus photographs--an extension of the modified Airlie House classification. ETDRS report number 10. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group","volume":"98","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980011000942","article-title":"Development and evaluation of the Oxford WebQ, a low-cost, web-based method for assessment of previous 24 h dietary intakes in large-scale prospective studies","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082573","article-title":"Diet, sleep, and mental health: insights from the UK Biobank study","volume":"13","author":"Hepsomali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.816736","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and incidence of and mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke in women","volume":"119","author":"Fung","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/61.6.1402S","article-title":"Mediterranean diet pyramid: a cultural model for healthy eating","volume":"61","author":"Willett","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.1.163","article-title":"Diet-quality scores and plasma concentrations of markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction","volume":"82","author":"Fung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.228718","article-title":"Development and validation of an empirical dietary inflammatory index","volume":"146","author":"Tabung","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.157222","article-title":"Alternative dietary indices both strongly predict risk of chronic disease","volume":"142","author":"Chiuve","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.05.047","article-title":"Healthful and unhealthful plant-based diets and the risk of coronary heart disease in U.S. adults","volume":"70","author":"Satija","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4019","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-021-02558-4","article-title":"Description of the updated nutrition calculation of the Oxford WebQ questionnaire and comparison with the previous version among 207,144 participants in UK Biobank","volume":"60","author":"Perez-Cornago","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","article-title":"The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations","volume":"51","author":"Baron","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0125","series-title":"Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: a regression-based approach","author":"Bolin","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0130","series-title":"Regression diagnostics: Identifying influential data and sources of collinearity","author":"Belsley","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0135","series-title":"Breakthroughs in Statistics: Methodology and Distribution","first-page":"260","article-title":"Testing for serial correlation in least squares regression. II","author":"Durbin","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0140","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis in practice: a guide to assessing scientific models","volume":"1","author":"Saltelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Wiley Online Library"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.10.1417","article-title":"A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8","volume":"119","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(00)00140-5","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration","volume":"45","author":"Beatty","year":"2000","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.23.011702.073307","article-title":"Biologic mechanisms of the protective role of lutein and zeaxanthin in the eye","volume":"23","author":"Krinsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.08.006","article-title":"Mediterranean diet and incidence of advanced age-related macular degeneration: the EYE-RISK Consortium","volume":"126","author":"Merle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002039","article-title":"Plant-based dietary patterns and incidence of type 2 diabetes in US men and women: results from three prospective cohort studies","volume":"13","author":"Satija","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.101869","article-title":"Dietary patterns and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation: a systematic review of observational and intervention studies","volume":"42","author":"Aleksandrova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092693","article-title":"Diet and nutrients in gastrointestinal chronic diseases","volume":"12","author":"Corsello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14194003","article-title":"Dietary patterns and gut microbiota changes in inflammatory bowel disease: current insights and future challenges","volume":"14","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026595011371","article-title":"Equivalence of the mediation, confounding and suppression effect","volume":"1","author":"MacKinnon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prev Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032781","article-title":"The value of suppressor effects in explicating the construct validity of symptom measures","volume":"25","author":"Watson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2005.03.002","article-title":"From clinical evidence to molecular mechanisms underlying neuroprotection afforded by estrogens","volume":"52","author":"Amantea","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4934","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-11913","article-title":"Effect of age on individual retinal layer thickness in normal eyes as measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"54","author":"Demirkaya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523822000025","article-title":"The mosaic of AII amacrine cell bodies in rat retina is indistinguishable from a random distribution","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vis Neurosci"}],"container-title":["The Journal of nutrition, health and aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1279770724005190?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1279770724005190?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T04:24:10Z","timestamp":1777609450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1279770724005190"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1279770724005190"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431","relation":{},"ISSN":["1279-7707"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1279-7707","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neuroprotective effects of healthful plant-based diets on retinal structure: insights from a large cohort","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of nutrition, health and aging","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100431","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of SERDI Publisher.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100431"}}