{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T18:50:14Z","timestamp":1762368614447,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of nutrition, health and aging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:38:52Z","timestamp":1747190332000},"page":"100579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Milk free of A1 \u03b2-casein supports superior gains in cognition and quality of life, relative to conventional milk, in older adults with mild cognitive impairment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Keming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianqin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingming","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingfei","family":"Diao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Congqing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s40795-023-00781-2","article-title":"Dairy consumption in adults in China: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Nutr."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092548","article-title":"The effects of cow-milk protein supplementation in elderly population: systematic review and narrative synthesis","volume":"12","author":"Zanini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy065","article-title":"The impact of dairy protein intake on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in middle-aged to older adults with or without existing sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Hanach","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0020","unstructured":"AOAC SMPR 2022.005 Standard method performance requirements (SMPRs\u00ae) for A1- and A2-Type \u03b2-Casein in Infant Formulas and Adult Nutritionals. Available at www.aoac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/SMPR-2022_005.pdf."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5335","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2461","article-title":"Invited review: milk protein polymorphisms in cattle: effect on animal breeding and human nutrition","volume":"92","author":"Caroli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-9781(99)00088-1","article-title":"Enzymatic release of neocasomorphin and beta-casomorphin from bovine beta-casein","volume":"20","author":"Jinsmaa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Peptides."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0035","first-page":"1","article-title":"Scientific report of EFSA prepared by a DATEX Working Group on the potential health impact of \u03b2-casomorphins and related peptides","volume":"231","year":"2009","journal-title":"EFSA Sci Rep."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2014.05.004","article-title":"Food-derived opioid peptides inhibit cysteine uptake with redox and epigenetic consequences","volume":"25","author":"Trivedi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127765","article-title":"\u03b2-Casomorphin: a complete health perspective","volume":"337","author":"Thiruvengadam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-015-0050-1","article-title":"Epigenetic effects of casein-derived opioid peptides in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells","volume":"12","author":"Trivedi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03195213","article-title":"Polymorphism of bovine beta-casein and its potential effect on human health","volume":"48","author":"Kaminski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Genetics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuy063","article-title":"Milk A1 \u03b2-casein and health-related outcomes in humans: a systematic review","volume":"77","author":"K\u00fcllenberg de Gaudry","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr Rev."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415637","article-title":"Does a little difference make a big difference? Bovine \u03b2-casein A1 and A2 variants and human health-an update","volume":"23","author":"Cie\u015bli\u0144ska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7285","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7095339","article-title":"Milk intolerance, beta-casein and lactose","volume":"7","author":"Pal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2014.127","article-title":"Comparative effects of A1 versus A2 beta-casein on gastrointestinal measures: a blinded randomised cross-over pilot study","volume":"68","author":"Ho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-016-0147-z","article-title":"Effects of milk containing only A2 beta casein versus milk containing both A1 and A2 beta casein proteins on gastrointestinal physiology, symptoms of discomfort, and cognitive behavior of people with self-reported intolerance to traditional cows\u2019 milk","volume":"15","author":"Jianqin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000002437","article-title":"Effects of conventional milk versus milk containing only A2 \u03b2-casein on digestion in Chinese children: a randomized study","volume":"69","author":"Sheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2021.09.006","article-title":"Chronic intestinal inflammation suppresses brain activity by inducing neuroinflammation in mice","volume":"192","author":"Mitchell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idairyj.2011.08.001","article-title":"Relation between dairy food intake and cognitive function: the Maine-Syracuse longitudinal study","volume":"22","author":"Crichton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Dairy J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020468","article-title":"Associations between the intake of different types of dairy and cognitive performance in Dutch older adults: the B-PROOF study","volume":"12","author":"de Goeij","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-019-02010-8","article-title":"Dairy, soy, and calcium consumption and risk of cognitive impairment: the Singapore Chinese health study","volume":"59","author":"Talaei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab165","article-title":"Milk, yogurt, and cheese intake is positively associated with cognitive executive functions in older adults of the Canadian longitudinal study on aging","volume":"76","author":"Tessier","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.096701","article-title":"Dairy intake is associated with brain glutathione concentration in older adults","volume":"101","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.811650","article-title":"Milk intake enhances cerebral antioxidant (glutathione) concentration in older adults: a randomized controlled intervention study","volume":"9","author":"Choi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-020-03030-1","article-title":"Glutathione in brain: overview of its conformations, functions, biochemical characteristics, quantitation and potential therapeutic role in brain disorders","volume":"45","author":"Dwivedi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurochem Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-016-0201-x","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of glutathione concentrations after consumption of milk containing different subtypes of \u03b2-casein: results from a randomized, cross-over clinical trial","volume":"15","author":"Deth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr J."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8120824","article-title":"Meta-analysis of milk consumption and the risk of cognitive disorders","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advnut.2023.100160","article-title":"Dairy intake and risk of cognitive decline and dementia: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"15","author":"Villoz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0145","first-page":"2165","article-title":"Validity of a screening tool for detecting subtle cognitive impairment in the middle-aged and elderly","volume":"9","author":"Bruce","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging."},{"year":"2013","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0150"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2014.06.019","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia: a clinical perspective","volume":"89","author":"Knopman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc."},{"issue":"S2","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0160","article-title":"Milk free from A1 beta-casein and its positive impact on B vitamins \/ vitamers levels, absorption and bioavailability: mechanistic and clinical findings","volume":"8","author":"Trivedi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Dev Nutr."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0165","article-title":"Neuroprotective dietary patterns and longitudinal changes in cognitive function in older adults","volume":"S2212-2672","author":"Seago","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-018-0387-1","article-title":"Role of milk and dairy intake in cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr J."},{"issue":"suppl_2","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S105","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy105","article-title":"Effect of milk and other dairy products on the risk of frailty, sarcopenia, and cognitive performance decline in the elderly: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Cuesta-Triana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Nutr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2023.100031","article-title":"Effect of dairy consumption on cognition in older adults: a population-based cohort study","volume":"28","author":"Ortega","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202000728","article-title":"Milk and dairy products intake is related to cognitive impairment at baseline in predimed plus trial","volume":"65","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Garach","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0190","article-title":"Effects of different cow-milk beta-caseins on the gut-brain axis: a narrative review of preclinical, animal, and human studies","author":"Robinson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2023.103503","article-title":"Changes in levels of the antioxidant glutathione in brain and blood across the age span of healthy adults: a systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Detcheverry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.08.008","article-title":"Assessment of glutathione\/glutathione disulphide ratio and S-glutathionylated proteins in human blood, solid tissues, and cultured cells","volume":"112","author":"Giustarini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14153205","article-title":"Effects of selenium supplementation in patients with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Pereira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2024.105771","article-title":"Amino acid transporters in neurological disorders and neuroprotective effects of cysteine derivatives","volume":"177","author":"Adla","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurochem Int."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-010-0506-6","article-title":"Cysteine protects freshly isolated cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress by stimulating glutathione peroxidase","volume":"343","author":"King","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061743","article-title":"Dietary intake of vitamin D from dairy products reduces the risk of osteoporosis","volume":"12","author":"Polzonetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101017","article-title":"Vitamin D status in mainland of China: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2015.09.002","article-title":"The vitamin D status and its effects on life quality among the elderly in Jinan","volume":"62","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"China. Arch Gerontol Geriatr."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13082","article-title":"Vitamin D levels and cognition in elderly adults in China","volume":"62","author":"Chei","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15194192","article-title":"Serum vitamin D3 concentration, sleep, and cognitive impairment among older adults in China","volume":"15","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665117004153","article-title":"Is there a role for vitamin D in supporting cognitive function as we age?","volume":"77","author":"Aspell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-023-09598-z","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D supplementation on cognitive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.21106","article-title":"Handgrip strength: an irreplaceable indicator of muscle function","volume":"45","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0260","series-title":"Milk and Dairy Foods","first-page":"371","article-title":"Chapter 14 - Dairy foods and maintenance of muscle mass in the elderly","author":"Breen","year":"2020"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082815","article-title":"Effects of milk protein in resistance training-induced lean mass gains for older adults aged \u226560 y: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2022.110355","article-title":"The vitamin D\/vitamin D receptor (VDR) axis in muscle atrophy and sarcopenia","volume":"96","author":"Bollen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Signal."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579_bib0275","article-title":"Risk of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"McGrattan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (N Y)."}],"container-title":["The Journal of nutrition, health and aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1279770725001034?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1279770725001034?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T18:41:19Z","timestamp":1762368079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1279770725001034"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S1279770725001034"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579","relation":{},"ISSN":["1279-7707"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1279-7707"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Milk free of A1 \u03b2-casein supports superior gains in cognition and quality of life, relative to conventional milk, in older adults with mild cognitive impairment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of nutrition, health and aging","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnha.2025.100579","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of SERDI Publisher.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100579"}}