{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T04:29:22Z","timestamp":1786681762996,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of nutrition, health and aging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T19:55:06Z","timestamp":1782935706000},"page":"100920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between living arrangements in early old age and subsequent trajectories of protein intake among older adults in China"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Ran","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chingkwong","family":"Tsoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2412275","article-title":"Malnutrition in older adults","volume":"392","author":"Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02612-5","article-title":"Malnutrition in older adults","volume":"401","author":"Dent","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13613","article-title":"Anabolic sensitivity in healthy, lean, older men is associated with higher expression of amino acid sensors and mTORC1 activators compared to young","volume":"16","author":"Horwath","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.10.017","article-title":"Dietary protein intake and changes in muscle mass measurements in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults: A prospective cohort study","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2023.08.010","article-title":"A focus on leucine in the nutritional regulation of human skeletal muscle metabolism in ageing, exercise and unloading states","volume":"42","author":"Ely","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.06.008","article-title":"When a calorie is not just a calorie: diet quality and timing as mediators of metabolism and healthy aging","volume":"35","author":"Mihaylova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.04.007","article-title":"Protein intake and exercise for optimal muscle function with aging: Recommendations from the ESPEN Expert Group","volume":"33","author":"Deutz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2020-003585","article-title":"Global Dietary Database 2017: data availability and gaps on 54 major foods, beverages and nutrients among 5.6 million children and adults from 1220 surveys worldwide","volume":"6","author":"Miller","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2025.101431","article-title":"The burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors by voivodship in Poland, 1990\u20132023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023","author":"Topor-Madry","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health \u2013 Europe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2024.109495","article-title":"Factors influencing the willingness to pay a price premium for red meat with potential to improve consumer wellness in Australia and the United States of America","volume":"213","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Meat Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2024.109669","article-title":"Tailoring meat products for the elderly: a comprehensive review","volume":"219","author":"Farouk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Meat Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodqual.2024.105205","article-title":"Acceptability of protein-fortified recipes in older adults in France","volume":"118","author":"Geny","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Qual Preference"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2025.02.022","article-title":"Dietary protein intake, protein sources & distribution patterns in community-dwelling older adults: a harmonized analysis of eight studies","volume":"47","author":"Koopmans","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101600","article-title":"Past, present and future influences of diet among older adults \u2013 a scoping review","volume":"77","author":"Govindaraju","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3004","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20434-8","article-title":"Household structure and dietary diversity among older adults in rural and urban China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"24","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/agec.12629","article-title":"Short-term impacts of COVID-19 on food security and nutrition in rural Guatemala: phone-based farm household survey evidence","volume":"52","author":"Ceballos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agric Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2025.107860","article-title":"We are a family! Exploring flexitarian households\u2019 meat reduction practices","volume":"207","author":"Groen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci4040053","article-title":"Household behavior with respect to meat consumption: differences between households with and without children","volume":"4","author":"Merlino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuv024","article-title":"Relationship between living alone and food and nutrient intake","volume":"73","author":"Hanna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0100","article-title":"Examining the impact of Co-residence with a daughter-in-law on older adult health in China: evidence from a frailty index-based study","volume":"26","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"SSM - Popul Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17122019","article-title":"Social factors, dietary intake and the nutritional status of community-dwelling Chinese older adults: a scoping review","volume":"17","author":"Tsang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-023-01522-1","article-title":"Cooking skills, living alone, and mortality: JAGES cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Tani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15092085","article-title":"How does the frequency of eating-alone among older people in Korea affect their health and dietary behavior?","volume":"15","author":"Kwon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-015-0456-5","article-title":"Living situations associated with poor dietary intake among healthy japanese elderly: The ohasama study","volume":"19","author":"Tsubota-Utsugi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0125","article-title":"Grandparenting: impact on physical activity, dietary habits, and quality of life","author":"Notara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Aging Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2015.01.011","article-title":"Loneliness predicts postprandial ghrelin and hunger in women","volume":"70","author":"Jaremka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000453","article-title":"Do the antecedents and consequences of loneliness change from middle adulthood into old age?","volume":"54","author":"B\u00f6ger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101420","article-title":"Early life body mass index trajectories and albuminuria in midlife: a 30-year prospective cohort study","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.7092","article-title":"Associations of weight gain from early to middle adulthood with major health outcomes later in life","volume":"318","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0150","article-title":"Life-course fertility and multimorbidity among middle-aged and elderly women in China: Evidence from China health and retirement longitudinal study","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2018.1501665","article-title":"Gendered work-family trajectories and depression at older age","volume":"23","author":"Engels","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-016-0478-6","article-title":"The family life course and health: partnership, fertility histories, and later-life physical health trajectories in Australia","volume":"53","author":"O\u2019Flaherty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12119","article-title":"The China health and nutrition survey, 1989\u20132011","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1030","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(24)00285-7","article-title":"Health outcomes, environmental impacts, and Diet costs of adherence to the EAT-Lancet Diet in China in 1997\u20132015: a health and nutrition survey","volume":"8","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113806","article-title":"Dietary protein intake dynamics in elderly Chinese from 1991 to 2018","volume":"13","author":"Ouyang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-024-03364-4","article-title":"Distribution of daily protein intake and appendicular skeletal muscle mass in healthy free-living Chinese older adults","volume":"63","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.1.150","article-title":"Dietary protein intake is associated with lean mass change in older, community-dwelling adults: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study","volume":"87","author":"Houston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-011-0203-6","article-title":"Dietary protein intake in community-dwelling, frail, and institutionalized elderly people: scope for improvement","volume":"51","author":"Tieland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2023.100002","article-title":"Animal and vegetable protein intake and malnutrition in older adults: a multicohort study","volume":"28","author":"Carballo-Casla","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9697","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7125496","article-title":"Dietary protein intake in dutch elderly people: a focus on protein sources","volume":"7","author":"Tieland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-025-10388-5","article-title":"Changing dietary patterns among Chinese older adults: a rural\u2013urban comparative analysis (2008\u20132018)","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.021","article-title":"Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people: a position paper from the PROT-AGE study group","volume":"14","author":"Bauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Directors Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6866-2","article-title":"Factors associated with poor socioeconomic status among Malaysian older adults: an analysis according to urban and rural settings","volume":"19","author":"Shahar","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0220","first-page":"203","article-title":"Cuidado nutricional na disfagia: uma alternativa para maximiza\u00e7\u00e3o do estado nutricional","author":"Silva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Bras Nutr Cl\u00edn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040932","article-title":"Decreased appetite is associated with sarcopenia-related outcomes in acute hospitalized older adults","volume":"11","author":"Van Dronkelaar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14020293","article-title":"Protein intake among community-dwelling older adults: the influence of (Pre-) motivational determinants","volume":"14","author":"Verwijs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2019.00073","article-title":"Food, eating, and happy aging: the perceptions of older Chinese people","volume":"7","author":"Browning","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X22001040","article-title":"The partner in the plate: the association between changes in partnership status and protein consumption among older people in Europe","volume":"44","author":"Pasqualini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ageing Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146510383501","article-title":"Social relationships and health: a flashpoint for health policy","volume":"51","author":"Umberson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0250","article-title":"The impact of living arrangements on dietary patterns among older adults: the mediating effects of loneliness and anxiety","volume":"13","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0255","article-title":"Filial piety matters: a study of intergenerational supports and parental health","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"SSM - Popul Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeoa.2021.100307","article-title":"Do living arrangements matter?\u2014evidence from eating behaviors of the elderly in rural China","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Econ Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2016.11.009","article-title":"Changes in living arrangements and mortality among older people in China","volume":"3","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"SSM - Popul Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-020-00891-7","article-title":"The household structure transition in China: 1982\u20132015","volume":"57","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1177\/00380261251347725","article-title":"Intergenerational family relations in reform China: Background and context","volume":"73","author":"Barbalet","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sociol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/17441730.2020.1858571","article-title":"Divorce trends in China across time and space: an update","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian Popul Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e954","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30130-3","article-title":"Chinese trends in adolescent marriage and fertility between 1990 and 2015: a systematic synthesis of national and subnational population data","volume":"8","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40711-024-00221-z","article-title":"Eldercare or childcare: intergenerational distribution in Chinese families facing care deficits","volume":"11","author":"Zhong","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Chin Sociol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of nutrition, health and aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1279770726001533?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1279770726001533?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T04:06:34Z","timestamp":1786680394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1279770726001533"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1279770726001533"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920","relation":{},"ISSN":["1279-7707"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1279-7707","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association between living arrangements in early old age and subsequent trajectories of protein intake among older adults in China","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of nutrition, health and aging","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnha.2026.100920","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"simple-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of SERDI Publisher.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100920"}}