{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T06:48:16Z","timestamp":1764226096545,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the National Medical Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T14:58:50Z","timestamp":1758207530000},"page":"470-478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Full subsidy and direct delivery of essential chronic disease medications for low-income populations: A pilot randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Satya","family":"Surbhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9741-4610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cori","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A","family":"Tolley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4782-4169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kriti","family":"Bomb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Csaba P.","family":"Kovesdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0825-8199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Kerby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hadii M.","family":"Mamudu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028018765159","article-title":"Cost of prescription drug-related morbidity and mortality","volume":"52","author":"Watanabe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0002","first-page":"198","article-title":"The effect of opioid use and mental illness on chronic disease medication adherence in superutilizers","volume":"24","author":"Surbhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e98","DOI":"10.37765\/ajmc.2020.42642","article-title":"Medication nonadherence, mental health, opioid use, and inpatient and emergency department use in super-utilizers","volume":"26","author":"Surbhi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05082-8","article-title":"Effect of intensive interdisciplinary transitional care for high-need, high-cost patients on quality, outcomes, and costs: a quasi-experimental study","volume":"34","author":"Bailey","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491112600403","article-title":"Managing multiple chronic conditions: a strategic framework for improving health outcomes and quality of life","volume":"126","author":"Parekh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2005.00340.x","article-title":"The impact of Medicaid managed care on hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions","volume":"40","author":"Bindman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2953","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-023-08161-z","article-title":"National norms for hospitalizations due to ambulatory care sensitive conditions among adults in the US","volume":"38","author":"Loyd","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0008","unstructured":"AHRQ quality indicators. Accessed March 27, 2024. https:\/\/qualityindicators.ahrq.gov"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hjdsi.2016.11.002","article-title":"Segmenting high-cost Medicare patients into potentially actionable cohorts","volume":"5","author":"Joynt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Healthc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0010","article-title":"Effect of intensive interdisciplinary transitional care on quality, outcomes, and costs for high-need, high-cost patients: a quasi-experimental study","author":"James","year":"2018","journal-title":"Submitted to Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.5.811","article-title":"Potentially avoidable hospitalizations: inequalities in rates between US socioeconomic groups","volume":"87","author":"Pappas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/1077558700057001S05","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in preventable hospitalizations across 10 states","volume":"57","author":"Gaskin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med Care Res Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLR.0000045021.70297.9F","article-title":"Emergency department visits for ambulatory care sensitive conditions: insights into preventable hospitalizations","volume":"41","author":"Oster","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Care."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.07.004","article-title":"Drug therapy problems and medication discrepancies during care transitions in super-utilizers","volume":"56","author":"Surbhi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2015.11.011","article-title":"SafeMed: using pharmacy technicians in a novel role as community health workers to improve transitions of care","volume":"56","author":"Bailey","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.12944","article-title":"Multifaceted intervention to improve medication adherence and secondary prevention measures after acute coronary syndrome hospital discharge: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"174","author":"Ho","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/HPC.0000000000000231","article-title":"Effect of medication adherence and early follow-up on unplanned readmission post-myocardial infarction: quality improvement in a safety net hospital","volume":"20","author":"Ashraf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Pathw Cardiol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1107913","article-title":"Full coverage for preventive medications after myocardial infarction","volume":"365","author":"Choudhry","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp130457","article-title":"The effect of a collaborative pharmacist-hospital care transition program on the likelihood of 30-day readmission","volume":"71","author":"Kirkham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0020","first-page":"1247","article-title":"Examination of the link between medication adherence and use of mail-order pharmacies in chronic disease states","volume":"22","author":"Fernandez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)60724-6","article-title":"Medication use among inner-city patients after hospital discharge: patient-reported barriers and solutions","volume":"83","author":"Kripalani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0022","unstructured":"Strong cities, strong communities. Memphis, Tennessee. Accessed March 28, 2024. https:\/\/www.urban.org\/policy-centers\/research-action-lab\/projects\/strong-cities-strong-communities\/sc2-designated-cities-rounds-i-2013-15-and-ii-2014-16\/memphis-tennesse"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/2137284","article-title":"Revisiting the behavioral model and access to medical care: does it matter?","volume":"36","author":"Andersen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav."},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0024","first-page":"571","article-title":"Understanding the context of healthcare utilization: assessing environmental and provider-related variables in the behavioral model of utilization","volume":"33","author":"Phillips","year":"1998","journal-title":"Health Serv Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"w195","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.26.2.w195","article-title":"Value-based insurance design","volume":"26","author":"Chernew","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0026","first-page":"682","article-title":"Evaluation of value-based insurance design with a large retail employer","volume":"17","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2013.0060","article-title":"Five features of value-based insurance design plans were associated with higher rates of medication adherence","volume":"33","author":"Choudhry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0028","unstructured":"Quality indicator user Guide: prevention Quality indicators (PQI) Composite measures, v2021. 2021. https:\/\/qualityindicators.ahrq.gov\/Downloads\/Modules\/PQI\/V2021\/PQI_Composite_Measures.pdf"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa0803563","article-title":"Rehospitalizations among patients in the Medicare fee-for-service program","volume":"360","author":"Jencks","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0030","first-page":"685","article-title":"How should we measure medication adherence in clinical trials and practice?","volume":"3","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.21.joc60162","article-title":"Effect of a pharmacy care program on medication adherence and persistence, blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"296","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9502","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67760-4","article-title":"Adherence to candesartan and placebo and outcomes in chronic heart failure in the CHARM programme: double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial","volume":"366","author":"Granger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1310\/hct0905-298","article-title":"Monitoring medication adherence by unannounced pill counts conducted by telephone: reliability and criterion-related validity","volume":"9","author":"Kalichman","year":"2008","journal-title":"HIV Clin Trials."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0916-7","article-title":"Unannounced telephone-based pill counts: a valid and feasible method for monitoring adherence","volume":"18","author":"Fredericksen","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-007-0171-y","article-title":"Adherence to antiretroviral therapy assessed by unannounced pill counts conducted by telephone","volume":"22","author":"Kalichman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200003100-00008","article-title":"Adherence to protease inhibitors, HIV-1 viral load, and development of drug resistance in an indigent population","volume":"14","author":"Bangsberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra050100","article-title":"Adherence to medication","volume":"353","author":"Osterberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-1-37","article-title":"The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Healthy Days Measures - population tracking of perceived physical and mental health over time","author":"Moriarty","year":"2003","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-008-0520-5","article-title":"Validation of screening questions for limited health literacy in a large VA outpatient population","volume":"23","author":"Chew","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0043","unstructured":"Access to Care Measures. Accessed May 20, 2018. https:\/\/archive.ahrq.gov\/research\/findings\/nhqrdr\/nhdr02\/premeasurea.html"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-10-200705150-00005","article-title":"Pharmacist intervention to improve medication adherence in heart failure: a randomized trial","volume":"146","author":"Murray","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of the National Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0027968425002019?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0027968425002019?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T06:38:49Z","timestamp":1764225529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0027968425002019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0027968425002019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-9684"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0027-9684"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Full subsidy and direct delivery of essential chronic disease medications for low-income populations: A pilot randomized controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the National Medical Association","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnma.2025.08.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 National Medical Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}