{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T14:22:59Z","timestamp":1780410179568,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the National Medical Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T03:40:51Z","timestamp":1778902851000},"page":"546-558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk factors for atrial fibrillation in Ibadan, Nigeria: A case-controlled study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2093-7787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Okechukwu Samuel","family":"Ogah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olanike Allison","family":"Orimolade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chima Uzoma","family":"Akunwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chukwuemeka Louis.","family":"Anyikwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chidinma Martha.","family":"Ogah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria Oluwakorede","family":"Alao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua O","family":"Akinyemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oladimeji Muritala","family":"Adebayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akinyemi","family":"Aje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adewole","family":"Adebiyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olulola Olutoyin","family":"Oladapo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1146-3070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayowa Ojo","family":"Owolabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wuraola Adebola","family":"Shokunbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayodele Olajide","family":"Falase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005119","article-title":"Worldwide epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: a Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study","volume":"129","author":"Chugh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.11.007","article-title":"Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risks, 1990-2022","volume":"82","author":"Mensah","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.08.015","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990-2023","volume":"86","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae043","article-title":"2024 European Heart Rhythm Association\/Heart Rhythm Society\/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society\/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation","volume":"26","author":"Tzeis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3314","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae176","article-title":"2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)","volume":"45","author":"Van Gelder","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euae195","article-title":"Global burden of atrial fibrillation\/atrial flutter and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2021","volume":"26","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.09.084","article-title":"Cardiac Arrhythmias in Africa: Epidemiology, Management Challenges, and Perspectives","volume":"73","author":"Bonny","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2014.118","article-title":"Global epidemiology of atrial fibrillation","volume":"11","author":"Rahman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h7013","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h7013","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation as risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death in women compared with men: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"532","author":"Emdin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i4482","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4482","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and risks of cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and death: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"354","author":"Odutayo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2023.0112","article-title":"State-Level Cardiovascular Mortality Rates Among Hispanic, Non-Hispanic Black, and Non-Hispanic White Populations, 1990 to 2019","volume":"8","author":"Johnson","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"2 Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.5830\/CVJA-2015-036","article-title":"Mortality from cardiovascular diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013","volume":"26","author":"Mensah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc J Afr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28","DOI":"10.15420\/aer.2025.33","article-title":"The Global Impact of Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"14","author":"Karatela","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2019.04.003","article-title":"Atrial Fibrillation in Africa-An Under-Reported and Unrecognized Risk Factor for Stroke: A Systematic Review","volume":"14","author":"Jacobs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob Heart"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3006","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14222","article-title":"A review of the epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"30","author":"Noubiap","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4314\/thrb.v26i4.22","article-title":"Hospital frequency of atrial fibrillation at the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria","volume":"26","author":"Ogah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Tanzania J Health Res"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e750","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000748","article-title":"Lifestyle and risk factor modification for reduction of atrial fibrillation: a scientific statement from the american heart association","volume":"141","author":"Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S84537","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation in Sub-Saharan Africa: epidemiology, unmet needs, and treatment options","volume":"8","author":"Stambler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.55241","article-title":"Exploring the epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in nigeria: a focus on atrial fibrillation in heart failure patients and its association with stroke","author":"Otabor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v33i2.9","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation in heart failure: epidemiology, quality of life and clinical characteristics in the iron deficiency and anaemia in heart failure (idan-hf) study in ogbomoso, nigeria","volume":"33","author":"Akintunde","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0021","first-page":"37","article-title":"Clinical and echocardiographic profile of patients with atrial fibrillation in Nigeria","volume":"6","author":"Ajayi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Health Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2019.04.003","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation in africa\u2014an underreported and unrecognized risk factor for stroke: a systematic review","author":"Jacobs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Global Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0023","first-page":"212","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation in sub-Saharan Africa: the knowns and unknowns?","volume":"22","author":"Linz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2369","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq278","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"31","author":"Camm","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Heart J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e257","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.177292","article-title":"ACC\/AHA\/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"114","author":"Fuster","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev014","article-title":"Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"16","author":"Lang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005451","article-title":"Variations in cause and management of atrial fibrillation in a prospective registry of 15,400 emergency department patients in 46 countries: the RE-LY Atrial Fibrillation Registry","volume":"129","author":"Oldgren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2011.03.038","article-title":"Smoking and incidence of atrial fibrillation: results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study","volume":"8","author":"Chamberlain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2008.08.003","article-title":"Cigarette smoking and risk of atrial fibrillation: the Rotterdam Study","volume":"156","author":"Heeringa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eur402","article-title":"Role of inflammation in early atrial fibrillation recurrence","volume":"14","author":"Smit","year":"2012","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(88)90906-X","article-title":"Alcohol use and supraventricular arrhythmia","volume":"62","author":"Cohen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(78)90296-X","article-title":"Arrhythmias and the \"Holiday Heart\": alcohol-associated cardiac rhythm disorders","volume":"95","author":"Ettinger","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-14-0052","article-title":"Alcohol and atrial fibrillation","volume":"78","author":"Suzuki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.04.038","article-title":"Alcohol consumption and risk of atrial fibrillation: how much is too much?","volume":"64","author":"Conen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.108.786665","article-title":"Familial aggregation of atrial fibrillation: a study in Danish twins","volume":"2","author":"Christophersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi727","article-title":"Familial aggregation of atrial fibrillation in Iceland","volume":"27","author":"Arnar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"5604","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1077771","article-title":"KCNQ1 gain-of-function mutation in familial atrial fibrillation","volume":"299","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0038","first-page":"536","article-title":"[Prevalence, signification and prognosis of auricular arrhythmia in dilated myocardiopathies. Apropos of 236 cases]","volume":"78","author":"Haissaguerre","year":"1985","journal-title":"Archives Des Maladies Du Coeur Et Des Vaisseaux"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0039","first-page":"403","article-title":"[The etiology and associated risk factors in a sample of 300 patients with atrial fibrillation]","volume":"52","author":"Barriales Alvarez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev Esp Cardiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510350050036","article-title":"Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort. The Framingham Heart Study","volume":"271","author":"Benjamin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(94)90363-8","article-title":"Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in elderly subjects (the Cardiovascular Health Study)","volume":"74","author":"Furberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.02.009","article-title":"Reverse epidemiology in different stages of heart failure","volume":"184","author":"G\u00fcder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.07.020","article-title":"Atrial Fibrillation and diabetes mellitus: JACC review topic of the week","volume":"74","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am College Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80348-9","article-title":"The natural history of atrial fibrillation: incidence, risk factors, and prognosis in the Manitoba Follow-Up Study","volume":"98","author":"Krahn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.11.007","article-title":"Atrial Fibrillation in Valvular Heart Disease","volume":"13","author":"John","year":"2021","journal-title":"Card Electrophysiol Clin"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024769","article-title":"Clinical outcomes in 3343 children and adults with rheumatic heart disease from 14 low- and middle-income countries: two-year follow-up of the global rheumatic heart disease registry (the remedy study)","volume":"134","author":"Z\u00fchlke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu449","article-title":"Characteristics, complications, and gaps in evidence-based interventions in rheumatic heart disease: the global rheumatic heart disease registry (the REMEDY study)","volume":"36","author":"Z\u00fchlke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.01.031","article-title":"Overweight and obesity as risk factors for atrial fibrillation or flutter: the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study","volume":"118","author":"Frost","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012771","article-title":"Low Lipid Levels and High Variability are Associated With the Risk of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.033840","article-title":"Association Between Remnant Cholesterol and Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation: Population-Based Evidence From a Large-Scale Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004067","article-title":"Lipids and atrial fibrillation: New insights into a paradox","volume":"19","author":"Sagris","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht500","article-title":"Left atrial structure and function in atrial fibrillation: ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48","volume":"35","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.4065\/76.5.467","article-title":"Left atrial volume: important risk marker of incident atrial fibrillation in 1655 older men and women","volume":"76","author":"Tsang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mayo Clinic Proceed"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0054","first-page":"191","article-title":"Clinical implications of left atrial enlargement: a review","volume":"9","author":"Patel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0055","first-page":"183","article-title":"Echocardiographic parameters and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation: the suita study","volume":"30","author":"Higashiyama","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Epidemiol \/Japan Epidemiol Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.2.724","article-title":"Echocardiographic predictors of nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. The Framingham Heart Study","volume":"89","author":"Vaziri","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1159\/000539289","article-title":"Association of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Trajectories with Atrial Fibrillation Risk in Populations with Normal or Mildly Impaired Renal Function","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Dis (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192895","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease risk factors in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Major","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0059","first-page":"442","article-title":"The relationship between atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease: epidemiologic and pathophysiologic considerations for a dual epidemic","volume":"5","author":"McManus","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Atr Fibrillation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2019.00082","article-title":"Does Chronic Kidney Disease Result in High Risk of Atrial Fibrillation?","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013_bib0066","article-title":"Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure: Epidemiology, Quality of Life and Clinical Characteristics in the Iron Deficiency and ANaemia in Heart Failure (IDAN-HF) Study in Ogbomoso, Nigeria","volume":"33","author":"Akintunde","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ethiopian J Health Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of the National Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0027968426000635?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0027968426000635?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T13:43:21Z","timestamp":1780407801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0027968426000635"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0027968426000635"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-9684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-9684","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk factors for atrial fibrillation in Ibadan, Nigeria: A case-controlled study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the National Medical Association","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnma.2026.03.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 National Medical Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}