{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T09:03:21Z","timestamp":1773306201048,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]],"date-time":"2004-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099267200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,12]],"date-time":"2004-10-12T16:41:28Z","timestamp":1097599288000},"page":"19-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Vascular factors in dementia: an overview"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Charles","family":"DeCarli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-200110000-00002","article-title":"Annual incidence of Alzheimer disease in the United States projected to the years 2000 through 2050","volume":"15","author":"Hebert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.262.18.2551","article-title":"Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in a community population of older persons. Higher than previously reported","volume":"262","author":"Evans","year":"1989","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(86)90049-4","article-title":"Rates of senile dementia, Alzheimer's type, in the Baltimore longitudinal study","volume":"39","author":"Sayetta","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Chronic. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.3.312","article-title":"Probability of stroke: a risk profile from the Framingham study","volume":"22","author":"Wolf","year":"1991","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.8.1243","article-title":"The effects of age on rate of progression of Alzheimer disease and dementia with associated cerebrovascular disease","volume":"58","author":"Mungas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S1098-3597(01)90047-X","article-title":"Dementia due to subcortical ischemic vascular disease","volume":"3","author":"Chui","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Cornerstone"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.2.191","article-title":"Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of vascular dementia: a multicenter study of comparability and interrater reliability","volume":"57","author":"Chui","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70234-6","article-title":"Vascular dementia, a new beginning: shifting focus from clinical phenotype to ischemic brain injury","volume":"18","author":"Chui","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.3.383","article-title":"Brain structure and cognition in a community sample of elderly Latinos","volume":"59","author":"Wu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6467-9_3","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E genotype, atherosclerosis, and cognitive decline: the Rotterdam Study","volume":"53","author":"Slooter","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm. Suppl."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(00)00096-8","article-title":"Midlife blood pressure and dementia: the Honolulu\u2013Asia aging study","volume":"21","author":"Launer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"9009","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90608-X","article-title":"15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia","volume":"347","author":"Skoog","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.12.1683","article-title":"Midlife vascular risk factors and late-life mild cognitive impairment: a population-based study","volume":"56","author":"Kivipelto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7300","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7300.1447","article-title":"Midlife vascular risk factors and Alzheimer's disease in later life: longitudinal, population based study","volume":"322","author":"Kivipelto","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200216070-00001","article-title":"Hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: potential for pharmacological intervention","volume":"16","author":"Kivipelto","year":"2002","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022066","article-title":"Silent brain infarcts and the risk of dementia and cognitive decline","volume":"348","author":"Vermeer","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011613","article-title":"Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"346","author":"Seshadri","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1159\/000169000","article-title":"Role of hypertension in coronary artery disease","volume":"16","author":"Weber","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(96)00057-9","article-title":"Coronary heart disease, stroke, and hypertension in a U.S. national cohort: the NHANES I Epidemiologic follow-up study. National health and nutrition examination survey","volume":"6","author":"Gillum","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(97)06089-9","article-title":"Associations of ankle-brachial index with clinical coronary heart disease, stroke and preclinical carotid and popliteal atherosclerosis: the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study","volume":"131","author":"Zheng","year":"1997","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(98)70023-7","volume":"136","author":"Papademetriou","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3137","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.25.3137","article-title":"Trends and disparities in coronary heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases in the United States: findings of the national conference on cardiovascular disease prevention","volume":"102","author":"Cooper","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199816050-00004","article-title":"Systolic blood pressure, isolated systolic hypertension and risk of coronary heart disease, strokes, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in the middle-aged population","volume":"16","author":"Antikainen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.12.2384","article-title":"Silent brain infarcts in 755 consecutive patients with a first-ever supratentorial ischemic stroke. Relationship with index-stroke subtype, vascular risk factors, and mortality","volume":"25","author":"Boon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.6.1122","article-title":"Baseline silent cerebral infarction in the asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis study","volume":"25","author":"Brott","year":"1994","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.8.2178","article-title":"Silent cerebral infarction in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. The Veterans Affairs Stroke Prevention in Nonrheumatic Atrial Fibrillation Investigators","volume":"92","author":"Ezekowitz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.1.97","article-title":"Silent infarction in acute stroke patients. Prevalence, localization, risk factors, and clinical significance: the Copenhagen stroke study [see comments]","volume":"25","author":"J\u00f8rgensen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.20.7.850","article-title":"Prevalence of silent stroke in patients presenting with initial stroke: the Framingham study","volume":"20","author":"Kase","year":"1989","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.3.380","article-title":"Silent cerebral infarction in a community-based autopsy series in Japan. The Hisayama Study","volume":"26","author":"Shinkawa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"4 Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100036945","article-title":"The significance of white matter lucencies on CT scan in relation to cognitive impairment","volume":"13","author":"Steingart","year":"1986","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"4 Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100037264","article-title":"Leuko-araiosis: an ancient term for a new problem","volume":"13","author":"Hachinski","year":"1986","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1987.00520130013009","article-title":"Leuko-araiosis","volume":"44","author":"Hachinski","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1987.00520130024012","article-title":"Cognitive and neurologic findings in subjects with diffuse white matter lucencies on computed tomographic scan (leuko-araiosis)","volume":"44","author":"Steingart","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1987.00520130028013","article-title":"Cognitive and neurologic findings in demented patients with diffuse white matter lucencies on computed tomographic scan (leuko-araiosis)","volume":"44","author":"Steingart","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.202.1.8988189","article-title":"Sulcal, ventricular, and white matter changes at MR imaging in the aging brain: data from the cardiovascular health study [see comments]","volume":"202","author":"Yue","year":"1997","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.9.1937","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and the risk of dementia: the Rotterdam study [see comments]","volume":"53","author":"Ott","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.2.318","article-title":"Magnetic resonance abnormalities and cardiovascular disease in older adults: the cardiovascular health study","volume":"25","author":"Manolio","year":"1994","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.12.2262","article-title":"Presence and severity of cerebral white matter lesions and hypertension, its treatment, and its control. The ARIC study. Atherosclerosis risk in communities study","volume":"27","author":"Liao","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1159\/000368814","article-title":"The prevalence and severity of white matter lesions, their relationship with age, ethnicity, gender, and cardiovascular disease risk factors: the ARIC Study","volume":"16","author":"Liao","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.4.986","article-title":"Association of midlife blood pressure to late-life cognitive decline and brain morphology","volume":"51","author":"Swan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.3.529","article-title":"Predictors of brain morphology for the men of the NHLBI twin study","volume":"30","author":"DeCarli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.23.10.1434","article-title":"Leukoaraiosis in relation to prognosis for patients with lacunar infarction","volume":"23","author":"Miyao","year":"1992","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib43","first-page":"254","article-title":"Prognostic importance of leukoaraiosis in patients with ischemic events and carotid artery disease","volume":"30","author":"Streifler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.2.356","article-title":"Relationships of cerebral MRI findings to ultrasonographic carotid atherosclerosis in older adults: the cardiovascular health study. CHS collaborative research group","volume":"19","author":"Manolio","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.2.425","article-title":"Aortic atherosclerosis at middle age predicts cerebral white matter lesions in the elderly","volume":"31","author":"de Leeuw","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.20.3.340","article-title":"Brain atrophy in hypertension. A volumetric magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"20","author":"Salerno","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.7.1410","article-title":"Interactive effects of age and hypertension on volumes of brain structures","volume":"28","author":"Strassburger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.11.2108","article-title":"Biobehavioral characteristics of nondemented older adults with subclinical brain atrophy","volume":"54","author":"Swan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)90510-T","article-title":"Parenchymal microvascular systems and cerebral atrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"611","author":"Gesztelyi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.21.1.105","article-title":"Smaller local brain volumes and cerebral atrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"21","author":"Tajima","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.3.601","article-title":"Reduction of functional neuronal connectivity in long-term treated hypertension","volume":"25","author":"Mentis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199903)45:3<358::AID-ANA12>3.0.CO;2-X","article-title":"Tangles and plaques in nondemented aging and \u201cpreclinical\u201d Alzheimer's disease","volume":"45","author":"Price","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1385\/JMN:17:2:101","article-title":"Pathologic correlates of nondemented aging, mild cognitive impairment, and early-stage Alzheimer's disease","volume":"17","author":"Morris","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321-c","DOI":"10.1161\/str.32.suppl_1.321-c","article-title":"Stroke risk profile predicts brain volume and cognitive function in stroke-free subjects: the Framingham study","volume":"32","author":"Seshadri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.1.40","article-title":"Stroke risk profile: adjustment for antihypertensive medication. The Framingham study","volume":"25","author":"D'Agostino","year":"1994","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.1.42","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive decline in middle-aged adults","volume":"56","author":"Knopman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1159\/000054809","article-title":"Association between blood pressure and cognitive function in a biracial community population of older persons","volume":"21","author":"Morris","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.277.10.813","article-title":"Brain infarction and the clinical expression of Alzheimer disease. The Nun study","volume":"277","author":"Snowdon","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.1.159","article-title":"Cerebral infarcts in patients with autopsy-proven Alzheimer's disease: CERAD, part XVIII. Consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"51","author":"Heyman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.63.6.749","article-title":"Neuropathological assessment of the lesions of significance in vascular dementia","volume":"63","author":"Esiri","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199702000-00007","article-title":"The effects of additional pathology on the cognitive deficit in Alzheimer disease","volume":"56","author":"Nagy","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000055863.87435.B2","article-title":"Relation of cerebral infarctions to dementia and cognitive function in older persons","volume":"60","author":"Schneider","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.10.1474","article-title":"Small concomitant vascular lesions do not influence rates of cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer disease","volume":"57","author":"Lee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.11.4.514","article-title":"Fluency and memory differences between ischemic vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"11","author":"Lafosse","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1990.00530020025010","article-title":"Frontal systems impairment following multiple lacunar infarcts","volume":"47","author":"Wolfe","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1987.00520160031010","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric aspects of multi-infarct dementia and dementia of the Alzheimer type","volume":"44","author":"Cummings","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"3A","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib67","first-page":"371","article-title":"Strategic infarcts in vascular dementia. a clinical and brain imaging experience","volume":"45","author":"Tatemichi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arzneimittel-Forschung"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.10.1966","article-title":"Confusion and memory loss from capsular genu infarction: a thalamocortical disconnection syndrome?","volume":"42","author":"Tatemichi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200009)48:3<275::AID-ANA1>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Memory failure has different mechanisms in subcortical stroke and Alzheimer's disease","volume":"48","author":"Reed","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116868","article-title":"Untreated blood pressure level is inversely related to cognitive functioning: the Framingham study","volume":"138","author":"Elias","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1080\/03610739508253992","article-title":"Blood pressure, hypertension, and age as risk factors for poor cognitive performance","volume":"21","author":"Elias","year":"1995","journal-title":"Exp. Aging Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.9.1388","article-title":"NIDDM and blood pressure as risk factors for poor cognitive performance. The Framingham study","volume":"20","author":"Elias","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.17.6.486","article-title":"A longitudinal study of blood pressure in relation to performance on the Wechsler adult intelligence scale","volume":"17","author":"Elias","year":"1998","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"issue":"Suppl 1(6)","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib74","first-page":"S49","article-title":"Effects of chronic hypertension on cognitive functioning","volume":"53","author":"Elias","year":"1998","journal-title":"Geriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.274.23.1846","article-title":"The association between mid-life blood pressure levels and late-life cognitive function. The Honolulu\u2013Asia aging study","volume":"274","author":"Launer","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/13825589608256627","article-title":"Relationship between blood pressure during middle age and cognitive impairment in old age: the Western Collaborative group study","volume":"3","author":"Swan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Aging Neuropsychol. Cognition"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.7.964","article-title":"Risk estimates of dementia by apolipoprotein E genotypes from a population-based incidence study: the Rotterdam study","volume":"55","author":"Slooter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.8.1548","article-title":"Impact of apolipoprotein E epsilon4 and vascular disease on brain morphology in men from the NHLBI twin study","volume":"30","author":"DeCarli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199707000-00005","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice have increased susceptibility to focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"17","author":"Laskowitz","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(93)90096-D","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E phenotype is related to macro- and microangiopathy in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"101","author":"Ukkola","year":"1993","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"9119","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07541-7","article-title":"Smoking and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in a population-based cohort study: the Rotterdam study","volume":"351","author":"Ott","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200005000-00009","article-title":"Influence of apolipoprotein E genotype on the risk of cognitive deterioration in moderate drinkers and smokers","volume":"11","author":"Dufouil","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1159\/000026204","article-title":"The effect of apolipoprotein E epsilon4 in the relationships of smoking and drinking to cognitive function","volume":"18","author":"Carmelli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.6.1580","article-title":"Midlife cardiovascular risk factors, ApoE, and cognitive decline in elderly male twins","volume":"50","author":"Carmelli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.1.40","article-title":"The role of APOE epsilon4 in modulating effects of other risk factors for cognitive decline in elderly persons","volume":"282","author":"Haan","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9046","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)09328-2","article-title":"Atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein E, and prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in the Rotterdam Study [see comments]","volume":"349","author":"Hofman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(95)00105-B","article-title":"Increased incidence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in non-demented individuals with hypertension","volume":"131","author":"Sparks","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48466.x","article-title":"Coronary artery disease, hypertension, ApoE, and cholesterol: a link to Alzheimer's disease?","volume":"826","author":"Sparks","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0029(20000815)50:4<287::AID-JEMT7>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Link between heart disease, cholesterol, and Alzheimer's disease: a review","volume":"50","author":"Sparks","year":"2000","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(00)00106-8","article-title":"Midlife blood pressure and neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and brain weight at death: the HAAS. Honolulu\u2013Asia aging study","volume":"21","author":"Petrovitch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X04002862?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X04002862?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]],"date-time":"2023-04-29T14:49:02Z","timestamp":1682779742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022510X04002862"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022510X04002862"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-510X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-510X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]}}}