{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:21:36Z","timestamp":1790256096814,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,1]],"date-time":"2004-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1099267200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,13]],"date-time":"2004-10-13T17:53:40Z","timestamp":1097690020000},"page":"75-80","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":225,"title":["Towards defining the neuropathological substrates of vascular dementia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Raj N.","family":"Kalaria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose Anne","family":"Kenny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clive G.","family":"Ballard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Ince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuomo","family":"Polvikoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00305-3","article-title":"Vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"2","author":"O'Brien","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(02)00190-4","article-title":"Subcortical ischaemic vascular dementia","volume":"1","author":"Roman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.2.250","article-title":"Vascular dementia: diagnostic criteria for reserach studies. Report of the NINDS-AIREN International Work Group","volume":"43","author":"Roman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib4","first-page":"189","article-title":"Clinical criteria for vascular dementia: the NINDS-AIREN criteria","volume":"5","author":"Erkinjuntti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(97)00058-4","article-title":"The CERAD neuropathology protocol and consensus recommendations for the postmortem diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: a commentary","volume":"18","author":"Mirra","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)02355-7","article-title":"Cerebrovascular disease and threshold for dementia in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"354","author":"Esiri","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.277.10.813","article-title":"Brain infarction and the clinical expression of Alzheimer disease. The Nun Study","volume":"277","author":"Snowdon","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib8","first-page":"2083","article-title":"Apolipoprotein E e4 alleles in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and cerebrovascular pathology associated with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"148","author":"Premkumar","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.1.159","article-title":"Cerebral infarcts in patients with autopsy-proven Alzheimer's disease. CERAD Part XVIII","volume":"51","author":"Heyman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-199809000-00010","article-title":"Comparison of pathological diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer disease","volume":"12","author":"Nagy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S115","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-199912003-00017","article-title":"Overlap between pathology of Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia","volume":"13","author":"Kalaria","year":"1999","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.8.1037","article-title":"Accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of vascular dementia: a prospective clinical and post-mortem neuropathological study","volume":"51","author":"Erkinjuntti","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.3.668","article-title":"Clinical-neuropathologic findings in multi-infarct dementia: a report of six autopsied cases","volume":"48","author":"Hulette","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1998.tb01076.x","article-title":"Absence of vascular dementia in an autopsy series from a dementia clinic","volume":"46","author":"Nolan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410070516","article-title":"Pathological verification of ischemic score in differentiation of dementias","volume":"7","author":"Rosen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.3.690","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of newly proposed clinical criteria for possible vascular dementia","volume":"49","author":"Gold","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.1.82","article-title":"Clinicopathological validation study of four sets of clinical criteria for vascular dementia","volume":"159","author":"Gold","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1159\/000069994","article-title":"Profile of neuropsychological deficits in older stroke survivors without dementia","volume":"16","author":"Ballard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.63.6.749","article-title":"Neuropathological assessment of the lesions of significance in vascular dementia","volume":"63","author":"Esiri","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1159\/000017215","article-title":"Neuropathological substrates of dementia and depression in vascular dementia, with a particular focus on cases with small infarct volumes","volume":"11","author":"Ballard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib21","series-title":"Greenfield's neuropathology","first-page":"281","article-title":"Vascular diseases","author":"Kalimo","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/59.11.931","article-title":"Neuropathologic substrates of ischemic vascular dementia","volume":"59","author":"Vinters","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib23","first-page":"145","article-title":"Pathology and pathopysiology of cerebrovascular dementia: pure subgroups and hypoperfusive etiology","volume":"5","author":"Brun","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1258\/0007142001903229","article-title":"Pathology of small vessel stroke","volume":"56","author":"Lammie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. Med. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib25","series-title":"The matter of white matter","first-page":"247","article-title":"Neuropathology of the small blood vessels in selected disease of the cerebral white matter","volume":"10","author":"Ho","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48490.x","article-title":"Amyloid-\u03b2 angiopathies masquerading as Alzheimer's disease","volume":"826","author":"Cohen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410300503","article-title":"Cerebral amyloid angiopathy without and with cerebral hemorrhages: a comparative histological study","volume":"30","author":"Vonsattel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(00)01836-1","article-title":"Advances in molecular genetics and pathology of cerebrovascular disorders","volume":"24","author":"Kalaria","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.12.1791","article-title":"Phases of Abeta-deposition in the human brain and its relevance for the development of AD","volume":"58","author":"Thal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(95)00021-6","article-title":"Staging of Alzheimer's disease-related neurofibrillary changes","volume":"16","author":"Braak","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1159\/000051183","article-title":"Neuropathology of white matter changes in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia","volume":"1","author":"Englund","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn .Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00293396","article-title":"Hippocampal sclerosis: a common pathological feature of dementia in very old (> or=80 years of age) humans","volume":"88","author":"Dickson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."}],"container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X04002989?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X04002989?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,3]],"date-time":"2019-02-03T04:53:25Z","timestamp":1549169605000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022510X04002989"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022510X04002989"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-510X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-510X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]}}}