{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:25:18Z","timestamp":1762100718065},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,5]],"date-time":"2007-12-05T18:14:07Z","timestamp":1196878447000},"page":"33-39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effects of short-term zidovudine exposure on mitochondrial DNA content and succinate dehydrogenase activity of rat skeletal muscle cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"268","author":[{"given":"Beatriz H.","family":"Kiyomoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celia H.","family":"Tengan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosely O.","family":"Godinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92808-4","article-title":"Administration of 3\u2032-azido-3\u2032-deoxythymidine, an inhibitor of HTLV-III\/LAV replication, to patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex","volume":"1","author":"Yarchoan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(00)88634-5","article-title":"Update on highly active antiretroviral therapy: progress and strategies","volume":"54","author":"Clumeck","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib3","unstructured":"WHO, Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents: recommendations for a public health approach. 2006 revision. Geneva: World Health Organization."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0595-417","article-title":"Mitochondrial toxicity of antiviral drugs","volume":"1","author":"Lewis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199004193221602","article-title":"Mitochondrial myopathy caused by long-term zidovudine therapy","volume":"322","author":"Dalakas","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib6","first-page":"5","article-title":"Mitochondrial myopathy associated with chronic zidovudine therapy in AIDS","volume":"86","author":"Peters","year":"1993","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00294452","article-title":"Early features of zidovudine-associated myopathy: histopathological findings and clinical correlations","volume":"90","author":"Cupler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(01)65019-2","article-title":"Optical imaging techniques (histochemical, immunohistochemical, and in situ hybridization staining methods) to visualize mitochondria","volume":"65","author":"Tanji","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2003.12.004","article-title":"The diagnosis of mitochondrial muscle disease","volume":"14","author":"Taylor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91294-5","article-title":"Depletion of muscle mitochondrial DNA in AIDS patients with zidovudine-induced myopathy","volume":"337","author":"Arnaudo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/119.4.1357","article-title":"The effect of zidovudine on skeletal muscle mtDNA in HIV-1 infected patients with mild or no muscle dysfunction","volume":"119","author":"Casademont","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11934","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)80156-9","article-title":"Delayed cytotoxicity and selective loss of mitochondrial DNA in cells treated with the anti-human immunodeficiency virus compound 2\u2032, 3\u2032 -dideoxycytidine","volume":"264","author":"Chen","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(89)90245-1","article-title":"Studies on the inhibition of mitochondrial DNA replication by 3\u2032 -azido-3\u2032 -deoxythymidine and other dideoxynucleoside analogs which inhibit HIV-1 replication","volume":"38","author":"Simpson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib14","first-page":"228","article-title":"Mitochondrial ultrastructural and molecular changes induced by zidovudine in rat hearts","volume":"65","author":"Lewis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib15","first-page":"742","article-title":"Abnormal skeletal and cardiac muscle mitochondria induced by Zidovudine (AZT) in human muscle in vitro and in an animal model","volume":"65","author":"Lamperth","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115722","article-title":"Zidovudine induces molecular, biochemical and ultrastructural changes in rat skeletal muscle mitochondria","volume":"89","author":"Lewis","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI1418","article-title":"AZT treatment induces molecular and ultrastructural oxidative damage to muscle mitochondria. Prevention by antioxidant vitamins.","volume":"102","author":"de la Asunci\u00f3n","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(99)00126-4","article-title":"Zidovudine-induced experimental myopathy: dual mechanism of mitochondrial damage","volume":"166","author":"Masini","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880150613","article-title":"Major growth reduction and minor decrease in mitochondrial enzyme activity in cultured human muscle cells after exposure to zidovudine","volume":"15","author":"Herzberg","year":"1992","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib20","first-page":"879","article-title":"Zidovudine causes early increases in mitochondrial ribonucleic acid abundance and induces ultrastructural changes in cultured mouse muscle cells","volume":"71","author":"d'Amati","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib21","first-page":"102","article-title":"Effect of l-carnitine on the zidovudine-induced destruction of human myotubes. Part I: l-carnitine prevents the myotoxicity of AZT in vitro","volume":"71","author":"Semino-Mora","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib22","first-page":"773","article-title":"The effect of l-carnitine on the AZT-induced destruction of human myotubes. Part II: treatment with l-carnitine improves the AZT-induced changes and prevents further destruction","volume":"71","author":"Semino-Mora","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050501","article-title":"Nuclear and mitochondrial changes of co-cultivated spinal cord, spinal ganglia and muscle fibers following treatment with various doses of zidovudine","volume":"92","author":"Schr\u00f6der","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(96)00009-3","article-title":"Lack of muscle toxicity with didanoside (ddI): clinical and experimental studies","volume":"138","author":"Pedrol","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(97)05376-8","article-title":"Cellular and mitochondrial toxicity of zidovudine (AZT), didanosine (ddI) and zalcitabine (ddC) on cultured human muscle cells","volume":"149","author":"Benbrik","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(01)00713-4","article-title":"Early effects of AZT on mitochondrial functions in the absence of mitochondrial DNA depletion in rat myotubes","volume":"62","author":"Cazzalini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.3.716-723.2002","article-title":"Assessment of mitochondrial toxicity in human cells treated with tenofovir: comparison with other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors","volume":"46","author":"Birkus","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705130","article-title":"Regulation of intracellular cyclic AMP in skeletal muscle cells involves the efflux of cyclic nucleotide to the extracellular compartment","volume":"138","author":"Godinho","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","article-title":"Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays","volume":"65","author":"Mossmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1126\/science.113.2934.317-a","article-title":"The histochemical demonstration of succinic dehydrogenase","volume":"113","author":"Seligman","year":"1951","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(96)64045-2","article-title":"Cytochemistry and immunocytochemistry of mitochondria in tissue sections","volume":"264","author":"Sciacco","year":"1996","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1177\/44.12.8985128","article-title":"Analysis of mitochondrial morphology and function with novel fixable fluorescent stains","volume":"44","author":"Poot","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3093","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/10.26.3093","article-title":"Manipulating mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy by a mitochondrially targeted restriction endonuclease","volume":"10","author":"Srivastava","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib34","series-title":"Mitochondrial DNA in Human Pathology","first-page":"97","article-title":"Quantitative defects of mitochondrial DNA","author":"Moraes","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/3.1.13","article-title":"Distribution of wild-type and common deletion forms of mtDNA in normal and respiration-deficient muscle fibers from patients with mitochondrial myopathy","volume":"3","author":"Sciacco","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib36","first-page":"625","article-title":"Effect of anti-human immunodeficiency virus nucleoside analogs on mitochondrial DNA and its implication for delayed toxicity","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.36.9.2061","article-title":"Ultrastructural changes associated with reduced mitochondrial DNA and impaired mitochondrial function in the presence of 2\u2032 3\u2032 -dideoxycytidine","volume":"36","author":"Lewis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.8.1824","article-title":"Comparison of mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial DNA content, and cell viability in cultured cells treated with three anti-human immunodeficiency virus dideoxynucleosides","volume":"38","author":"Medina","year":"1994","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780367","article-title":"Mitochondrial alterations with mitochondrial DNA depletion in the nerves of AIDS patients with peripheral neuropathy induced by 2\u20323\u2032 -dideoxycytidine (ddC)","volume":"81","author":"Dalakas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib40","first-page":"169","article-title":"Could mitochondrial DNA quantitation be a surrogate marker for drug mitochondrial toxicity?","volume":"6","author":"De Mendoza","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2005.11.007","article-title":"Cell culture models for the investigation of NRTI-induced mitochondrial toxicity: relevance for the prediction of clinical toxicity","volume":"20","author":"H\u00f6schele","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X0700723X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X0700723X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,29]],"date-time":"2021-08-29T22:57:15Z","timestamp":1630277835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022510X0700723X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022510X0700723X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-510X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-510X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}}}