{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T05:06:39Z","timestamp":1774328799669,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]],"date-time":"2010-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1283299200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,11]],"date-time":"2010-07-11T21:08:14Z","timestamp":1278882494000},"page":"30-33","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Etiology of Konzo, epidemic spastic paraparesis associated with cyanogenic glycosides in cassava: Role of thiamine deficiency?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"296","author":[{"given":"Bola","family":"Adamolekun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.56.6.638","article-title":"Konzo: a distinct disease entity with a selective upper motor neuron damage","volume":"56","author":"Tylleskar","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/113.1.223","article-title":"Konzo, an epidemic upper motor neuron disease studied in Tanzania","volume":"113","author":"Howlett","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.5.959","article-title":"Konzo in the Central African Republic","volume":"44","author":"Tylleskar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-178.x","article-title":"Konzo associated with war in Mozambique","volume":"2","author":"Cliff","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib5","series-title":"Field trial in Mozambique of a new method for detoxifying cyanide in cassava products","first-page":"3","volume":"6","author":"Muquingue","year":"2005"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib6","first-page":"477","article-title":"Mantakassa: an epidemic of spastic paraparesis associated with chronic cyanide intoxication in a cassava staple area of Mozambique. 1. Epidemiology and clinical laboratory findings in patients","volume":"62","author":"Ministry of Health, Mozambique","year":"1984","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib7","first-page":"581","article-title":"Epidemiological evidence from Zaire for a dietary etiology of Konzo, an upper motor neurone disease","volume":"69","author":"Tylleskar","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.1994.375.33","article-title":"The association between cassava and the paralytic disease Konzo","volume":"375","author":"Tylleskar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Hortic"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib9","series-title":"Konzo and continuing cyanide intoxication from cassava in Mozambique","first-page":"4","volume":"14","author":"Cliff","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib10","series-title":"Reoccurrence of Konzo in cassava-consuming districts in southern Tanzania","first-page":"5","volume":"14","author":"Mlingi","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(02)00042-6","article-title":"Persistent Konzo and cyanide toxicity from cassava in northern Mozambique","volume":"82","author":"Earnesto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib12","first-page":"485","article-title":"Mantakassa: an epidemic of spastic paraparesis associated with chronic cyanide intoxication in a cassava staple area of Mozambique. 2. Nutritional factors and hydrocyanic acid content of cassava products","volume":"62","author":"Ministry of Health, Mozambique","year":"1984","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)90742-1","article-title":"Association of high cyanide and low sulfur intake in cassava-induced spastic paraparesis","author":"Cliff","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1993.1226","article-title":"Fluorometric determination of cyanate in plasma by conversion to 2, 4 (1H, 3H)-quinazolinedione and separation by high performance liquid chromatography","volume":"211","author":"Lundquist","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/50.2.228","article-title":"Bioactivation of cyanide to cyanate in sulfur amino acid deficiency: relevance to neurologic disease in humans subsisting on cassava","volume":"50","author":"Tor-Agbidye","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00698277","article-title":"Neurotoxicology of sodium cyanate: new pathological and ultrastructural observations in Macaca nemestrina","volume":"47","author":"Tellez","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-197703000-00009","article-title":"An ultrastructural study of chronic sodium cyanate-induced neuropthy","volume":"36","author":"Tellez-Nagel","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.49.6.620","article-title":"Epidemic spastic paraparesis in Bandundu (Zaire)","volume":"49","author":"Carton","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib19","first-page":"840","article-title":"The risk of tropical spastic paraparesis differs according to ethnic group among HTLV-1 carriers in Inongo, Zaire","volume":"6","author":"Jeannel","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Synd"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199607000-00014","article-title":"Konzo, an epidemic spastic paraparesis in Africa, is not associated with antibodies to HTLV-1, HIV or HIV gag-encoded proteins","volume":"12","author":"Tylleskar","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Synd"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.3337","article-title":"Rising African cassava production, diseases due to cyanide intake and control measures","volume":"88","author":"Nhassico","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"issue":"8787","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90006-O","article-title":"Cassava cyanogens and Konzo, an upper motor neurone disease found in Africa","volume":"339","author":"Tylleskar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-215.x","article-title":"Geographic and seasonal association between linamarin and cyanide exposure from cassava and the upper motor neurone disease Konzo in former Zaire","volume":"12","author":"Banea-Mayambu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719201100107","article-title":"Fatal cyanide poisoning from cassava-based meal","volume":"11","author":"Akintonwa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.10.1345","article-title":"Dystonic-parkinsonian syndrome after cyanide poisoning: clinical and MRI findings","volume":"51","author":"Carella","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2009.11.001","article-title":"The targets of acetone cyanohydrin neurotoxicity in the rat are not the ones expected in an animal model of Konzo","volume":"32","author":"Soler-Martin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2003902","article-title":"New aspects in pathogenesis of Konzo: neural cell damage directly caused by linamarin contained in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)","volume":"90","author":"Sreeja","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib28","first-page":"85","article-title":"Thiosulfate: cyanide sulfur transferase (rhodanese)","volume":"77","author":"Westley","year":"1981","journal-title":"Meth Enzymol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02674669","article-title":"Epidemic of seasonal ataxia in Nigeria following ingestion of the African silkworm Anaphe venata: role of thiamine deficiency?","volume":"12","author":"Adamolekun","year":"1997","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib30","series-title":"Thiamine deficiency and associated clinical disorders","first-page":"103","article-title":"African seasonal ataxia","author":"McCandless","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(03)00027-7","article-title":"Micronutrient intake and status in rural Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"3","author":"Barclay","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/21.3.243","article-title":"A deficiency disease of foxes produced by feeding fish","volume":"21","author":"Green","year":"1941","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib33","first-page":"388","article-title":"Thiaminase, the Chastek-paralysis factor","author":"Yudkin","year":"1949","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1177\/030098587701400202","article-title":"Polioencephalomalacia of dogs with thiamine deficiency","volume":"14","author":"Read","year":"1977","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib35","first-page":"291","article-title":"Apparent thiamine status of cattle and its relationship to polioencephalomalacia","volume":"39","author":"Loew","year":"1975","journal-title":"Can J Comp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1159\/000176987","article-title":"Effect of thiamine status on the metabolism of linamarin","volume":"29","author":"Umoh","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/64.3.347","article-title":"Biochemical evidence of thiamine depletion during the Cuban Neuropathy Epidemic, 1992\u20131993","volume":"64","author":"Macias-Matos","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-122-7-199504010-00009","article-title":"On politics and health: an epidemic of neurologic disease in Cuba","volume":"1","author":"Roman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1159\/000073066","article-title":"Visual evoked potentials in Konzo, a spastic paraparesis of acute onset in Africa","volume":"217","author":"Mwanza","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210301300409","article-title":"Neuro-ophthalmologic findings in Konzo, an upper motor neurone disorder in Africa","volume":"13","author":"Mwanza","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1977.tb130506.x","article-title":"Vision loss on low carb diets. Low carbohydrate diet optic neuropathy","volume":"1","author":"Hoyt","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.37.1.11","article-title":"Experimental thiamine deficiency as a cause of degeneration in the visual pathway of the rat","volume":"37","author":"Rodger","year":"1953","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(81)90122-5","article-title":"Tobacco-alcohol amblyopia: a proposed biochemical basis for pathogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Dang","year":"1981","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1971.01000010196014","article-title":"Experimental cyanide optic neuropathy","volume":"86","author":"Lessel","year":"1971","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(01)00705-2","article-title":"Abnormalities of somatosensory evoked potentials in Konzo\u2014an upper motor neuron disorder","volume":"113","author":"Tshala-Katumbay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib46","series-title":"Thiamine deficiency and its prevention and control in major emergencies. WHO\/NHD\/99.13","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1999"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1177\/155005940003100408","article-title":"EEG findings in Konzo: a spastic para\/tetraparesis of acute onset","volume":"31","author":"Katumbay","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Electroencephalogr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inhe.2009.12.004","article-title":"Thiamine deficiency and the etiology of tropical ataxic neuropathy","volume":"2","author":"Adamolekun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/22.1.77","article-title":"Avian thiamine deficiency. Characteristic symptoms and their pathogenesis","volume":"22","author":"Swank","year":"1941","journal-title":"J Nutr"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X10002868?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X10002868?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,6]],"date-time":"2020-06-06T17:10:33Z","timestamp":1591463433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022510X10002868"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022510X10002868"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2010.06.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-510X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-510X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}}}