{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:51:18Z","timestamp":1788871878643,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Comprehensive Prevention and Treatment of Stroke Concurrent Hemiplegia, Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou","award":["2011Y200017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011Y200017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jns-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,3]],"date-time":"2014-01-03T16:01:40Z","timestamp":1388764900000},"page":"118-121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Risk factors and etiological subtype analysis of brainstem infarctions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"338","author":[{"given":"Yinyao","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingjun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suqin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaoyang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuejiao","family":"Men","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengqi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2013.01.004","article-title":"Brainstem stroke: anatomy, clinical and radiological findings","volume":"34","author":"Ortiz de Mendivil","year":"2013","journal-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.1.35","article-title":"Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment","volume":"24","author":"Adams","year":"1993","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2979","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.490896","article-title":"A computerized algorithm for etiologic classification of ischemic stroke: the Causative Classification of Stroke System","volume":"38","author":"Ay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10644","article-title":"Frequency and mechanisms of stroke recurrence after cryptogenic stroke","volume":"54","author":"Bang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.19.9.1083","article-title":"The Lausanne Stroke Registry: analysis of 1,000 consecutive patients with first stroke","volume":"19","author":"Bogousslavsky","year":"1988","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.150318","article-title":"Ischaemic stroke subtypes and associated risk factors: a French population based study","volume":"79","author":"Bejot","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0035","first-page":"35","article-title":"Risk factors for and incidence of subtypes of ischemic stroke","volume":"27","author":"Ihle-Hansen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Funct Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000199147.30016.74","volume":"37","author":"Sacco","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1159\/000072554","article-title":"European Stroke Initiative Recommendations for Stroke Management\u2014update 2003","volume":"16","author":"Olsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01274.x","article-title":"Posterior circulation ischemic stroke in Korean population","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1177\/1941874412438902","article-title":"Posterior circulation ischemic stroke\u2014clinical characteristics, risk factors, and subtypes in a north Indian population: a prospective study","volume":"2","author":"Mehndiratta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurohospitalist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3313","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.658500","article-title":"Risk factors and stroke mechanisms in atherosclerotic stroke: intracranial compared with extracranial and anterior compared with posterior circulation disease","volume":"43","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg169","article-title":"Pure lateral medullary infarction: clinical\u2013radiological correlation of 130 acute consecutive patients","volume":"126","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980010000546","article-title":"Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia in a Chinese elderly population","volume":"13","author":"Qu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.03.030","article-title":"Association of plasma homocysteine concentration with cerebral white matter hyperintensity on magnetic resonance images in stroke patients","volume":"284","author":"Tseng","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2012.03722.x","article-title":"Characteristics of stroke mechanisms in patients with medullary infarction","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.5.1141","article-title":"Medial medullary infarction: analyses of eleven patients","volume":"47","author":"Toyoda","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00007852","article-title":"Spectrum of medial medullary infarction: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings","volume":"249","author":"Kumral","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1159\/000319887","article-title":"Medial medullary infarction identified by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"30","author":"Shono","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2011.01.008","article-title":"Clinical review of 37 patients with medullary infarction","volume":"21","author":"Fukuoka","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000239694.19359.88","article-title":"Risk factors for ischemic stroke subtypes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study","volume":"37","author":"Ohira","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62469","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062469","article-title":"Factors associated with prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among adults in Southern China: a community-based, cross-sectional survey","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2011.03620.x","article-title":"Cerebral artery calcification in patients with acute cerebrovascular diseases: determinants and long-term clinical outcome","volume":"19","author":"Koton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000132637.30287.B4","article-title":"High lipoprotein (a), diabetes, and the extent of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis","volume":"63","author":"Arenillas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000089017.90037.7A","article-title":"Long-term mortality and recurrent stroke risk among Chinese stroke patients with predominant intracranial atherosclerosis","volume":"34","author":"Wong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000123252.55688.05","article-title":"Stroke patterns, etiology, and prognosis in patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"62","author":"Karapanayiotides","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2008.04.008","article-title":"Increasing prevalence and low awareness, treatment and control of diabetes mellitus among Chinese adults: the InterASIA Study","volume":"81","author":"Hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2013.04.006","article-title":"Oral antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation associated with acute or chronic coronary artery disease","volume":"29","author":"Cairns","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X13030992?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X13030992?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,7]],"date-time":"2018-10-07T14:22:22Z","timestamp":1538922142000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022510X13030992"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022510X13030992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-510X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-510X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk factors and etiological subtype analysis of brainstem infarctions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2013.12.028","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}