{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T14:18:05Z","timestamp":1788790685957,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","jns-journal.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,3]],"date-time":"2015-11-03T07:00:23Z","timestamp":1446534023000},"page":"207-210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Impaired vascular endothelial function in patients with restless legs syndrome: a new aspect of the vascular pathophysiology"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"359","author":[{"given":"Seung Yon","family":"Koh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Seung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Man","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Han","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.55","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome: pathophysiology, clinical presentation and management","volume":"6","author":"Trenkwalder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.112698","article-title":"Prospective study of restless legs syndrome and coronary heart disease among women","volume":"126","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318297eee0","article-title":"Prospective study of restless legs syndrome and mortality among men","volume":"81","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000287072.93277.c9","article-title":"Association of restless legs syndrome and cardiovascular disease in the Sleep Heart Health Study","volume":"70","author":"Winkelman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12025","article-title":"Novel assessment of microvascular changes in idiopathic restless legs syndrome (Willis\u2013Ekbom disease)","volume":"22","author":"Anderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Sleep Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12170","article-title":"Reduced daytime intramuscular blood flow in patients with restless legs syndrome\/Willis\u2013Ekbom disease","volume":"68","author":"Oskarsson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21357","article-title":"The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in skeletal muscle of patients with sleep disorders","volume":"40","author":"Wahlin-Larsson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2011.03397.x","article-title":"Hypoxia-inducible factor pathway activation in restless legs syndrome patients","volume":"18","author":"Patton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1159\/000104712","article-title":"Skeletal muscle morphology in patients with restless legs syndrome","volume":"58","author":"Larsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.06.022","article-title":"Is autonomic nervous system involved in restless legs syndrome during wakefulness?","volume":"15","author":"Izzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.4290","article-title":"Pramipexole alters thermoregulation in restless legs syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Salminen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000454","article-title":"Peripheral hypoxia in restless legs syndrome (Willis\u2013Ekbom disease)","volume":"82","author":"Salminen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2011.11.012","article-title":"Assessment of nitric oxide, advanced oxidation protein products, malondialdehyde, and thiol levels in patients with restless legs syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Baskol","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21647","article-title":"Variants in the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS, NOS1) gene are associated with restless legs syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Winkelmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.5.1314","article-title":"Nitric oxide is responsible for flow-dependent dilatation of human peripheral conduit arteries in vivo","volume":"91","author":"Joannides","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2918","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000147540.88559.00","article-title":"Interrelations between brachial endothelial function and carotid intima-media thickness in young adults: the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study","volume":"110","author":"Juonala","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.32.1.9","article-title":"Contribution of nitric oxide to reactive hyperemia: impact of endothelial dysfunction","volume":"32","author":"Dakak","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.03.025","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome\/Willis\u2013Ekbom disease diagnostic criteria: updated International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) consensus criteria\u2013history, rationale, description, and significance","volume":"15","author":"Allen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(02)00258-7","article-title":"Validation of the iInternational Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale for restless legs syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Walters","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26005","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction and hyperhomocysteinemia in Parkinson's disease: flow-mediated dilation study","volume":"29","author":"Yoon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2007.04.009","article-title":"RLS-like symptoms: differential diagnosis by history and clinical assessment","volume":"8","author":"Ferini-Strambi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/32.5.589","article-title":"Review of the relationship of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements in sleep to hypertension, heart disease, and stroke","volume":"32","author":"Walters","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.2.205","article-title":"A prospective study of sleep duration and coronary heart disease in women","volume":"163","author":"Ayas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.08.051","article-title":"Usefulness of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation to predict long-term cardiovascular events in subjects without heart disease","volume":"113","author":"Shechter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.05.005","article-title":"The association between endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes in a population-based multi-ethnic cohort","volume":"192","author":"Shimbo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02044","article-title":"Is flow-mediated dilation nitric oxide mediated?: a meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Green","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn894","article-title":"How do you feel? Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body","volume":"3","author":"Craig","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000223316.53428.c9","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome: revisiting the dopamine hypothesis from the spinal cord perspective","volume":"67","author":"Clemens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-10-20","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with restless legs syndrome\/Willis\u2013Ekbom disease","volume":"10","author":"Patton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2012.09.011","article-title":"Treatment of restless legs syndrome with a nitroglycerin patch","volume":"13","author":"Ulfberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.3109\/09593985.2010.511440","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome and near-infrared light: an alternative treatment option","volume":"27","author":"Mitchell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiother. Theory Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0000000000000070","article-title":"Amelioration of untreated restless legs syndrome by tadalafil in a patient with erectile dysfunction","volume":"38","author":"Romigi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0000000000000072","article-title":"Efficacy of sildenafil in a patient with restless legs syndrome\/Willis\u2013Ekbom disease","volume":"38","author":"Ulfberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1159\/000334869","article-title":"Carotid intima-media thickness in patients with idiopathic restless legs syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.12.079","article-title":"Relationship between carotid artery intima-media thickness and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in middle-aged healthy men","volume":"45","author":"Yan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.31.1.64","article-title":"Dissociation between muscle and skin sympathetic nerve activity in essential hypertension, obesity, and congestive heart failure","volume":"31","author":"Grassi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.07.043","article-title":"Small fiber function in drug naive patients with idiopathic restless legs syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2004.03.006","article-title":"Impact, diagnosis and treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in a primary care population: the REST (RLS epidemiology, symptoms, and treatment) primary care study","volume":"5","author":"Hening","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.000845","article-title":"Circadian variation in vascular function and regenerative capacity in healthy humans","volume":"3","author":"Al Mheid","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01003477","article-title":"Thermal biofeedback and periodic movements in sleep: patients' subjective reports and a case study","volume":"11","author":"Ancoli-Israel","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biofeedback Self Regul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/11.2.182","article-title":"Peripheral vasoconstriction in patients with sleep related periodic leg movements","volume":"11","author":"Ware","year":"1988","journal-title":"Sleep"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X15025332?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X15025332?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T20:36:05Z","timestamp":1599770165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022510X15025332"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022510X15025332"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-510X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-510X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impaired vascular endothelial function in patients with restless legs syndrome: a new aspect of the vascular pathophysiology","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2015.10.041","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}