{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:30:30Z","timestamp":1790400630607,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jns-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T01:28:09Z","timestamp":1538357289000},"page":"126-130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Clinching the cause: A review of foot drop secondary to lumbar degenerative diseases"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"395","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Macki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seokchun","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaafar","family":"Elmenini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Fakih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8580-0706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-008-9023-6","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of peroneal neuropathy","volume":"1","author":"Baima","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Rev. Musculoskelet Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nrl.0000231731.90889.27","article-title":"A case of foot drop as an expression of brain metastases?","volume":"12","author":"Djekidel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0015","first-page":"99","article-title":"Cerebral contusion as a rare cause of foot drop: case report","volume":"22","author":"Oktem","year":"2012","journal-title":"Turk. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2007.04.027","article-title":"Unilateral acute foot drop due to diffuse axonal injury after head trauma","volume":"15","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.07.009","article-title":"Acute foot drop syndrome mimicking peroneal nerve injury: an atypical presentation of ischemic stroke","volume":"23","author":"Ricarte","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.12.035","article-title":"Preoperative motor strength and time to surgery are the most important predictors of improvement in foot drop due to degenerative lumbar disease","volume":"361","author":"Macki","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(95)80048-L","article-title":"Foot drop following brain lesion","volume":"43","author":"Eskandary","year":"1995","journal-title":"Surg. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2007.11753915","article-title":"Central causes of foot drop: rare and underappreciated differential diagnoses","volume":"30","author":"Westhout","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Spinal Cord Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-010-5585-5","article-title":"Isolated foot drop due to subcortical hemorrhage","volume":"257","author":"Hiraga","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.047779","article-title":"Isolated monoparesis following stroke","volume":"76","author":"Paciaroni","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.01.015","article-title":"Pure monoparesis of the leg due to cerebral infarctions: a diffusion-weighted imaging study","volume":"16","author":"Hiraga","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410200515","article-title":"Spastic pure motor monoparesis","volume":"20","author":"Ashizawa","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2013.11.018","article-title":"Foot drop resulting from degenerative lumbar spinal diseases: clinical characteristics and prognosis","volume":"117","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0070","first-page":"145","article-title":"A retrospective electrodiagnostic evaluation of footdrop in 303 patients","volume":"29","author":"Van Langenhove","year":"1989","journal-title":"Electromyogr. Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1529-8027.2000.00007.x","article-title":"Peroneal neuropathy after weight loss","volume":"5","author":"Cruz-Martinez","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Peripher. Nerv. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0080","article-title":"Foot drop caused by lumbar degenerative disease: clinical features, prognostic factors of surgical outcome and clinical stage","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0085","first-page":"622","article-title":"Severe motor weakness associated with lumbar spinal stenosis. A retrospective study of a series of 61 patients","volume":"83","author":"Guigui","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev. Chir. Orthop. Reparatrice Appar. Mot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0090","first-page":"501","article-title":"Prognosis of operatively treated lumbar disc herniations causing foot extensor paralysis","volume":"132","author":"Andersson","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Chir. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198104000-00017","article-title":"Painless footdrop secondary to lumbar disc herniation: report of two cases","volume":"8","author":"Garrido","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-016-5180-x","article-title":"Prediction of postoperative clinical recovery of drop foot attributable to lumbar degenerative diseases, via a bayesian network","volume":"475","author":"Takenaka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E258","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000102","article-title":"Surgical outcomes for painless drop foot due to degenerative lumbar disorders","volume":"27","author":"Aono","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Spinal Disord. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/ort.1972.43.suppl-142.01","article-title":"The lumbar disc herniation. A computer-aided analysis of 2,504 operations","volume":"142","author":"Spangfort","year":"1972","journal-title":"Acta Orthop. Scand. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318268c8bc","article-title":"Assessment of hip abductor power in patients with foot drop: a simple and useful test to differentiate lumbar radiculopathy and peroneal neuropathy","volume":"38","author":"Jeon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0120","series-title":"Localization in Clinical Neurology","author":"Masdeu","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0125","series-title":"Tunnel syndromes","author":"Pecina","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/00024720-200212000-00010","article-title":"Improvement of preoperative foot drop after lumbar surgery","volume":"15","author":"Girardi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Spinal Disord. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E262","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000259922.82413.72","article-title":"Surgical outcome of drop foot caused by degenerative lumbar diseases","volume":"32","author":"Aono","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3171\/2008.12.SPINE08500","article-title":"Foot drop due to lumbar degenerative conditions: mechanism and prognostic factors in herniated nucleus pulposus and lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"10","author":"Iizuka","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.4367","article-title":"Lumbar spine MRI for low back pain: indications and yield","volume":"195","author":"Roudsari","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0150","first-page":"1283","article-title":"MR imaging in the differential diagnosis of neurogenic foot drop","volume":"24","author":"Bendszus","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h1736","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h1736","article-title":"Foot drop","volume":"350","author":"Stevens","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0160","first-page":"ii23","article-title":"Nerve conduction studies: essentials and pitfalls in practice","volume":"76","author":"Mallik","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2592-5","article-title":"Electrophysiological diagnosis using sensory nerve action potential for the intraforaminal and extraforaminal L5 nerve root entrapment","volume":"22","author":"Ando","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0170","series-title":"Electrodiagnosis in Diseases of Nerve and Muscle: Principles and Practice","author":"Kimura","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-005-0124-0","article-title":"EMG: myths and facts","volume":"2","author":"Feinberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"HSS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.62B4.7430228","article-title":"Variation of the lumbosacral myotomes with bony segmental anomalies","volume":"62-B","author":"McCulloch","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. (Br.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199808000-00002","article-title":"Motor deficit in lumbar spinal stenosis: a retrospective study of a series of 50 patients","volume":"11","author":"Guigui","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Spinal Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E401","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000092347.32845.43","article-title":"Radiculopathy due to ossification of the yellow ligament at the lower lumbar spine","volume":"28","author":"Yano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.48.578","article-title":"Extraforaminal lumbar synovial cyst causing sudden foot drop: case report","volume":"48","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurol. Med. Chir. (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2008.10.017","article-title":"Recovery of ankle dorsiflexion weakness following lumbar decompressive surgery","volume":"16","author":"Ghahreman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.78B6.0780965","article-title":"'Stress' distributions inside intervertebral discs. The effects of age and degeneration","volume":"78","author":"Adams","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg. (Br.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118884","article-title":"The human lumbar intervertebral disc: evidence for changes in the biosynthesis and denaturation of the extracellular matrix with growth, maturation, ageing, and degeneration","volume":"98","author":"Antoniou","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198802000-00009","article-title":"Swelling pressure of the lumbar intervertebral discs: influence of age, spinal level, composition, and degeneration","volume":"13","author":"Urban","year":"1988","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010070111","article-title":"Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation following experimental intradiscal pressure increase","volume":"142","author":"Iencean","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198803000-00015","article-title":"Lateral lumbar spinal canal stenosis: classification, pathologic anatomy and surgical decompression","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"1988","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2009.11.001","article-title":"Lumbar spinal stenosis","volume":"24","author":"Genevay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000188117.77657.ee","article-title":"Pathomechanism of ligamentum flavum hypertrophy: a multidisciplinary investigation based on clinical, biomechanical, histologic, and biologic assessments","volume":"30","author":"Sairyo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2015.9.5.818","article-title":"Lumbar stenosis: a recent update by review of literature","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199111000-00012","article-title":"Diagnosis and operative treatment of intraforaminal and extraforaminal nerve root compression","volume":"16","author":"Kunogi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198405000-00017","article-title":"The natural history of root entrapment syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Porter","year":"1984","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198401000-00006","article-title":"Subarticular entrapment of the dorsal root ganglion as a cause of sciatic pain","volume":"9","author":"Vanderlinden","year":"1984","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.83.4.0648","article-title":"Evaluation of varied surgical approaches used in the management of 170 far-lateral lumbar disc herniations: indications and results","volume":"83","author":"Epstein","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199006000-00005","article-title":"Herniated lumbar disc in patients over the age of fifty","volume":"3","author":"An","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Spinal Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01669995","article-title":"Frequency and specific surgical management of far lateral lumbar disc herniations","volume":"105","author":"Siebner","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198712000-00012","article-title":"Normal and pathologic anatomy of the lumbar root canals","volume":"12","author":"Rauschning","year":"1987","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198401000-00004","article-title":"Pathoanatomy and pathophysiology of nerve root compression","volume":"9","author":"Rydevik","year":"1984","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198804000-00001","article-title":"Pressure changes following constriction of the cauda equina. An experimental study in situ","volume":"13","author":"Schonstrom","year":"1988","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X1830409X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X1830409X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T15:45:36Z","timestamp":1758383136000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022510X1830409X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["S0022510X1830409X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-510X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-510X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinching the cause: A review of foot drop secondary to lumbar degenerative diseases","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.036","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}