{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T12:20:42Z","timestamp":1776774042930,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeck Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R349-2020-658"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R349-2020-658"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010809","name":"Jascha Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Rigshospitalets Forskningspulje","award":["R143-A6132-B3632"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R143-A6132-B3632"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jns-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T22:46:03Z","timestamp":1600469163000},"page":"117145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["After stroke, apraxia of eyelid opening is associated with high mortality and right hemispheric infarction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"418","author":[{"given":"Vardan","family":"Nersesjan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pernille","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Truelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kondziella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(95)00134-4","article-title":"Location and function of the human frontal eye-field: a selective review","volume":"34","author":"Paus","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520420080026","article-title":"Interrater reliability of the NIH stroke scale","volume":"46","author":"Goldstein","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.2.200","article-title":"Prognostic significance of conjugate eye deviation in stroke patients","volume":"22","author":"Tijssen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s81","DOI":"10.1007\/s100720200080","article-title":"Frequency of apraxia of eyelid opening in the general population and in patients with extrapyramidal disorders","volume":"23","author":"Lamberti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0025","first-page":"P1377","article-title":"Frontal cognitive dysfunction with apraxia of eyelid opening after traumatic brain injury: a slowly progressive delayed complication","volume":"13","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement. Elsevier"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2010.12.055","article-title":"Can subcortical infarction cause apraxia of eyelid opening?","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410250615","article-title":"Apraxia of eyelid opening secondary to right hemisphere infarction","volume":"25","author":"Johnston","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410400320","article-title":"Bilateral ptosis and upgaze palsy with right hemispheric lesions","volume":"40","author":"Averbuch-Heller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150200015","article-title":"Apraxia of eyelid opening secondary to a dominant hemispheric infarction [1]","volume":"249","author":"Kaiboriboon","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0050","first-page":"331","article-title":"Apraxia of lid opening in blepharospasm","volume":"21","author":"Jordan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.1.27","article-title":"Electromyographic features of levator palpebrae superioris and orbicularis oculi muscles in blepharospasm","volume":"117","author":"Aramideh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.6.1013","article-title":"Prolonged orbicularis oculi activity: a major factor in apraxia of lid opening","volume":"57","author":"Tozlovanu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/115.1.227","article-title":"Nervous control of eyelid function. A review of clinical, experimental and pathological data","volume":"115","author":"Schmidtke","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-003-0682-0","article-title":"Glucose hypometabolism in medial frontal cortex of patients with apraxia of lid opening","volume":"241","author":"Suzuki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870100319","article-title":"Lid opening apraxia is associated with medial frontal hypometabolism","volume":"10","author":"Smith","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52903-9.00021-2","article-title":"Normal and Abnormal Lid Function","volume":"102","author":"Rucker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.4.620","article-title":"Ptosis in patients with hemispheric strokes","volume":"58","author":"Averbuch-Heller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.37.6.1043","article-title":"Bilateral cerebral ptosis","volume":"37","author":"Lepore","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.1.35","article-title":"Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment","volume":"24","author":"Adams","year":"1993","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e109","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000082721.62796.09","article-title":"Trial design and reporting standards for intra-arterial cerebral thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke","volume":"34","author":"Higashida","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.3.423","article-title":""apraxia" of eyelid opening: an involuntary levator inhibition","volume":"35","author":"Lepore","year":"1985","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/00002341-198909000-00003","article-title":"The measurement and definition of ptosis","volume":"5","author":"Small","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ophthal. Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.82248","article-title":"Pupillary reactivity as an early indicator of increased intracranial pressure: the introduction of the neurological pupil index","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Surg. Neurol. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000314","article-title":"Portable infrared Pupillometry","volume":"120","author":"Larson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00916","article-title":"Influence of strategic cortical infarctions on pupillary function","volume":"9","author":"Peinkhofer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02237-6","article-title":"Validity and reliability of a quantitative computed tomography score in predicting outcome of hyperacute stroke before thrombolytic therapy. ASPECTS Study Group. Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score","volume":"355","author":"Barber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870090605","article-title":"Apraxia of lid opening, a focal eyelid dystonia clinical study of 32 patients","volume":"9","author":"P. K, M.H. M","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mov Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0135","first-page":"227","article-title":"Definition: Apraxia. Cortex","author":"Cubelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Masson SpA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0140","series-title":"The cerebral cortex of man. By Wilder Penfield and Theodore Rasmussen","first-page":"441","volume":"11","author":"Becker","year":"1953"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0145","unstructured":"Hemisphere Asymmetry For Eye Gaze Mechanisms | Brain | Oxford Academic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0150","unstructured":"Hepburn M, Bollu PC, French B, Sahota P. Sleep Medicine: Stroke and Sleep. Mo Med. 115:527\u201332."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0155","first-page":"1257","article-title":"Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms","author":"Saper","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Publ. Group"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000244809.67376.10","article-title":"Conjugate eye deviation in acute stroke: incidence, hemispheric asymmetry, and lesion pattern","volume":"37","author":"Singer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145_bb0165","first-page":"21","article-title":"A community survey of ptosis of the eyelid and pupil size of elderly people. Age ageing","volume":"24","author":"Sridharan","year":"1995","journal-title":"England"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X20304822?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X20304822?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T15:55:27Z","timestamp":1758383727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022510X20304822"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0022510X20304822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-510X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-510X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"After stroke, apraxia of eyelid opening is associated with high mortality and right hemispheric infarction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117145","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117145"}}