{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:01:33Z","timestamp":1792587693819,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jns-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,20]],"date-time":"2020-12-20T22:10:32Z","timestamp":1608502232000},"page":"117280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Brucellosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"420","author":[{"given":"Raad","family":"Shakir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881000097X","article-title":"Evolution and paleoepidemiology of brucellosis origin","volume":"139","author":"D\u2019Anastasio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680509801009","article-title":"How Themistocles Zammit found Malta fever (brucellosis) to be transmitted by the milk of goats","volume":"98","author":"Wyatt","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0015","first-page":"349","article-title":"Evans: breaking barriers","volume":"72","author":"Colwell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Yale J. Bio. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0020","first-page":"1636","article-title":"Meningite a melitocoques: alternations importantes du liquide cephlo-rachidien","volume":"48","author":"Lemaire","year":"1924","journal-title":"Bull. Soc. Med. Paris"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0025","first-page":"510","article-title":"Undulant fever meningitis","volume":"21","author":"Sanders","year":"1931","journal-title":"J. Iowa Med. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0030","series-title":"World Health Organization in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Organization for Animal Health","article-title":"Brucellosis in humans and animals","author":"Corbel","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70382-6","article-title":"The new global map of human brucellosis","volume":"6","author":"Pappas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0040","series-title":"Exposure, Testing, and Prevention Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch (BSPB) Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and PathologyNational Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","author":"Brucellosis Reference Guide","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0045","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiology and clinical manifestations of human brucellosis in China","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.05.018","article-title":"Immune mediators of pathology in Neurobrucellosis: from blood to central nervous system","volume":"410","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-006-6311-4","article-title":"Brucella as a biological weapon","volume":"62","author":"Pappas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70286-4","article-title":"Human brucellosis","volume":"7","author":"Franco","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(88)90255-9","article-title":"Brainstem auditory evoked potential abnormalities in brucellosis","volume":"87","author":"Khuraibet","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/110.1.213","article-title":"Clinical categories of neurobrucellosis","volume":"110","author":"Shakir","year":"1987","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/15.4.582","article-title":"Neurobrucellosis: clinical and therapeutic features","volume":"15","author":"McLean","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2010.07.023","article-title":"Progressive paraparesis with sensorineural deafness and leukoencephalopathy revealing neurobrucellosis","volume":"167","author":"Awada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Neurol. (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit072","article-title":"Neurobrucellosis: clinical and diagnostic features","volume":"56","author":"GuvenT","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.62.734.1077","article-title":"Neurobrucellosis","volume":"62","author":"Shakir","year":"1986","journal-title":"Postgrduate Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1963.03700170061009","article-title":"Protean manifestations of nervous system brucellosis","volume":"184","author":"Fincham","year":"1963","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2008.05.001","article-title":"Brucellar meningitis complicated by aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"64","author":"Korri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev. Neurol. (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0105","series-title":"Tropical Neurology Shakir, Newman and Poser Ed. Pub Saunders","first-page":"167","author":"Brucellosis","year":"1995"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0110","first-page":"1334","article-title":"Evaluation of the PANBIO Brucella immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for diagnosis of human brucellosis","volume":"12","author":"Araj","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005508","article-title":"Poor performance of the rapid test for human brucellosis in health facilities in Kenya","volume":"11","author":"De Glanville","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.6.5.756-759.1999","article-title":"Detection of antibodies to Brucella cytoplasmic proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurobrucellosis","volume":"6","author":"Baldi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Daign Lab Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4000","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.11.4000-4005.2000","article-title":"Evaluation of an immunocapture agglutination test (Brucellcapt) for serodiagnosis of human brucellosis","volume":"38","author":"Orduna","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0130","first-page":"1334","article-title":"Evaluation of PANBIO Brucella immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for diagnosis of human brucellosis","volume":"12","author":"Araj","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.049411","article-title":"Real time polymerase chain reaction: a new powerful tool for the diagnosis of neurobrucellosis","volume":"76","author":"Colmenero","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2017.11.028","article-title":"Next-generation sequencing of the cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of neurobrucellosis","volume":"67","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0145","first-page":"395","article-title":"\/akwatban H, Mclean D. Neurobrucellosis: clinical and neuroimaging correlation","volume":"25","author":"Soussa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-016-0901-3","article-title":"Cranial imaging in neurobrucellosis: results of Istanbul-3 study","volume":"44","author":"Erdem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-006-0877-3","article-title":"Spinal brucellosis: Turkish experience based on 452 cases published during the last century","volume":"148","author":"Turgut","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mnm.0000167651.52724.68","article-title":"Scintigraphic findings in osteoarticular brucellosis","volume":"26","author":"Aydin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Commun."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e317","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040317","article-title":"Perspectives for the treatment of Brucellosis in the 21st century: the Ioannina recommendations","volume":"4","author":"Ariza","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2010.06.015","article-title":"Update on brucellosis: therapeutic challenges","volume":"36S","author":"Solera","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.6.1.109","article-title":"Therapeutic options for human brucellosis","volume":"6","author":"Al-Tawfiq","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti-Infect. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39497.431528.80","volume":"336","author":"Pappas","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39497.500903.25","article-title":"Treatment of human brucellosis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trails","volume":"336","author":"Skalsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05974-11","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of antibiotic combinations in neurobrucellosis: reults of the Istanbul study","volume":"56","author":"Erdem","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agnets Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00214-6","article-title":"Brucella intracellular life: from invasion to intracellular replication","volume":"90","author":"Gorvel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Micorbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.5.6.983","article-title":"Treament of neurobrucellosis: what is known and what remains to be answered","volume":"5","author":"Pappas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Rev. Infect. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.05.084","article-title":"The advances in brucellosis vaccines","volume":"37","author":"Huanhuan Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00813-13","article-title":"Review of brucellosis cases from laboratory exposures in the United States in 2008 to 2011 and improved strategies fro disease prevention","volume":"51","author":"Traxler","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.1.6.13200","article-title":"The peculiar ways of Brucella survival: looking through the keyhole","volume":"1","author":"Pappas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virulence"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X2030616X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X2030616X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T15:55:27Z","timestamp":1758383727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022510X2030616X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0022510X2030616X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-510X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-510X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Brucellosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117280","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117280"}}