{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T20:12:36Z","timestamp":1778703156032,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003035","name":"Aase og Ejnar Danielsens Fond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003035","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010809","name":"Jascha Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ID 6195"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID 6195"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004929","name":"Kaptajnl\u00f8jtnant Harald Jensens og Hustrus Fond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004929","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009418","name":"Nordsj\u00e6llands Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009418","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010352","name":"Helen Rudes Fond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007438","name":"Familien Hede Nielsens Fond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007438","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009926","name":"Fabrikant Karl G. Andersens (Anderssons) Fond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ID 9292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID 9292"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009926","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jns-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T01:09:42Z","timestamp":1626311382000},"page":"117582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Changes in autonomic tone during delirium in acute stroke patients assessed by pupillometry and skin conductance"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"428","author":[{"given":"Jannik","family":"Stokholm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars Kristian Hebsgaard","family":"Birkmose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abd Al Bari Omar","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Csillag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Troels Wesenberg","family":"Kj\u00e6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0005","series-title":"World Health Statistics 2014","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70025-0","article-title":"Worldwide stroke incidence and early case fatality reported in 56 population-based studies: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Feigin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e3181e7512b","article-title":"Comprehensive overview of nursing and interdisciplinary rehabilitation care of the stroke patient: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"41","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"issue":"12 Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.08.119","article-title":"Timing of initiation of rehabilitation after stroke","volume":"86","author":"Maulden","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1179573519897083","article-title":"Delirium assessment in acute stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence, assessment tools, and assessment frequencies","volume":"11","author":"Stokholm","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cent Nerv Syst Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.643726","article-title":"Delirium in acute stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Shi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.607721","article-title":"High NIHSS values predict impairment of cardiovascular autonomic control","volume":"42","author":"Hilz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2003.09.013","article-title":"Serum-cortisol reflects severity and mortality in acute stroke","volume":"217","author":"Christensen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4823","article-title":"Delirium pathophysiology: an updated hypothesis of the etiology of acute brain failure","volume":"33","author":"Maldonado","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.05.019","article-title":"Unravelling the pathophysiology of delirium: a focus on the role of aberrant stress responses","volume":"65","author":"Maclullich","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0055","first-page":"33","article-title":"Acute confusional state (delirium) soon after stroke is associated with hypercortisolism","volume":"3","author":"Gustafson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/63.7.764","article-title":"Cholinergic deficiency hypothesis in delirium: a synthesis of current evidence","volume":"63","author":"Hshieh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.6.1105","article-title":"Pattern of activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in acute stroke. Relation to acute confusional state, extent of brain damage, and clinical outcome","volume":"25","author":"Fassbender","year":"1994","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0070","series-title":"Electrodermal Activity, Second Edition","article-title":"Chapter 1: principles of electrodermal phenomena","author":"Boucsein","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0075","series-title":"Human Perspiration","first-page":"63","article-title":"Chapter II. The sweat apparatus","author":"Kuno","year":"1956"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02483.x","article-title":"Sympathetic nerve activity underlying electrodermal and cardiovascular reactions in man","volume":"18","author":"Wallin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Psychophysiology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0085","series-title":"Autonomic Neurology","first-page":"15","article-title":"Chapter 2 anatomy and function of the peripheral autonomic system","author":"Benarroch","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0090","first-page":"19","article-title":"Eyeing up the future of the pupillary light reflex in neurodiagnostics","volume":"8","author":"Hall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0095","first-page":"1132","article-title":"Factors affecting light-adapted pupil size in normal human subjects","volume":"35","author":"Winn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(85)90158-7","article-title":"Adrenergic excitatory and cholinergic inhibitory innervations in the human iris dilator","volume":"40","author":"Yoshitomi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0105","series-title":"Central Regulation of Autonomic Functions","first-page":"268","article-title":"Autonomic control of the eye","author":"Loewy","year":"1990"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.20.7.864","article-title":"Measurements of acute cerebral infarction: a clinical examination scale","volume":"20","author":"Brott","year":"1989","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0115","author":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.19.5.604","article-title":"Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients","volume":"19","author":"van Swieten","year":"1988","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"issue":"8756","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)93206-O","article-title":"Classification and natural history of clinically identifiable subtypes of cerebral infarction","volume":"337","author":"Bamford","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.1.35","article-title":"Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment","volume":"24","author":"Adams","year":"1993","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-018-1075-y","article-title":"Preprocessing pupil size data: Guidelines and code","volume":"51","author":"Kret","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1080\/01658107.2016.1226345","article-title":"Digital Pupillometry in Normal subjects","volume":"41","author":"Rickmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroophthalmology."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12659","article-title":"Static and dynamic pupillometry data of healthy individuals","volume":"101","author":"Tekin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Optom."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-113-12-941","article-title":"Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method. A new method for detection of delirium","volume":"113","author":"Inouye","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.2307\/2533558","article-title":"Small sample inference for fixed effects from restricted maximum likelihood","volume":"53","author":"Kenward","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biometrics."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s10877-017-0009-z","article-title":"Infrared pupillometry helps to detect and predict delirium in the post-anesthesia care unit","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Monit. Comput."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1035-0","article-title":"Autonomic cardiovascular control in older patients with acute infection and delirium: a pilot study of orthostatic stress responses","volume":"19","author":"Neerland","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0170","first-page":"3118","article-title":"Changes in heart rate variability of patients with delirium in intensive care unit","author":"Oh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc EMBS."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4943(97)00008-3","article-title":"Age-related changes in sympathetic activity: biochemical measurements and target organ responses","volume":"25","author":"Barontini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1980.tb00127.x","article-title":"Comparisons of sweat gland counts, electrodermal activity, and habituation behavior in young and old groups of subjects","volume":"17","author":"Catania","year":"1980","journal-title":"Psychophysiology."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s10867-020-09547-4","article-title":"Simultaneous measurement of electrodermal activity components correlated with age-related differences","volume":"46","author":"Bari","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0190","first-page":"134","article-title":"The pupillary light reflex 1. Age-dependent and age-independent parameters in normal subjects","volume":"204","author":"Straub","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0511(96)05183-6","article-title":"The effects of age, sex and time of testing on skin conductance activity","volume":"43","author":"Venables","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biol. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2011.02.002","article-title":"Methodological considerations in ambulatory skin conductance monitoring","volume":"80","author":"Doberenz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Psychophysiol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2008.12.010","article-title":"Weak gender effects on transient pupillary light reflex","volume":"147","author":"Fan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Auton. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.2307\/1418597","article-title":"Three factors affecting the general level of electrical skin-resistance","volume":"64","author":"Conklin","year":"1951","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(63)90026-6","article-title":"Some measures of electrodermal activity and their relationships as affected by varied temperatures","volume":"7","author":"Scholander","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1080\/17470215508416668","article-title":"The relationships between P.G.R. scores and temperature and humidity","volume":"7","author":"Venables","year":"1955","journal-title":"Q. J. Exp. Psychol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2018.04.002","article-title":"Refining delirium: a Transtheoretical model of delirium disorder with preliminary neurophysiologic subtypes","volume":"26","author":"Oldham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/09540260802675460","article-title":"Motor subtypes of delirium: past, present and future","volume":"21","author":"Meagher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.9.1389","article-title":"Suppressed sympathetic skin response in brain infarction","volume":"24","author":"Korpelainen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1995.tb07023.x","article-title":"Sympathetic skin responses (SSRs) in monofocal brain lesions: topographical aspects of central sympathetic pathways","volume":"91","author":"Linden","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/01658107.2017.1367012","article-title":"Relative afferent pupillary defects in homonymous visual field defects caused by stroke of the occipital lobe using Pupillometer","volume":"42","author":"Takizawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroophthalmology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S227755","article-title":"Characteristics, risk factors and outcome of early-onset delirium in elderly patients with first ever acute ischemic stroke - a prospective observational cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Kotfis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X21002768?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X21002768?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T20:06:55Z","timestamp":1778702815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022510X21002768"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0022510X21002768"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-510X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-510X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Changes in autonomic tone during delirium in acute stroke patients assessed by pupillometry and skin conductance","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117582","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"117582"}}