{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:57:37Z","timestamp":1786993057628,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":218,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jns-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]],"date-time":"2021-10-06T10:23:35Z","timestamp":1633515815000},"page":"120011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Parkinsonism and cerebrovascular disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"433","author":[{"given":"Manisha","family":"Narasimhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenda","family":"Halliday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/52.1.23","article-title":"Arteriosclerotic parkinsonism","volume":"52","author":"Critchley","year":"1929","journal-title":"Brain."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870020101","article-title":"Gait disorder of subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy: Binswanger\u2019s disease","volume":"2","author":"Thompson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870040306","article-title":"Lower body parkinsonism: evidence for vascular etiology","volume":"4","author":"FitzGerald","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424","article-title":"MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Postuma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20083","article-title":"Clinicopathological investigation of vascular parkinsonism, including clinical criteria for diagnosis","volume":"19","author":"Zijlmans","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0030","series-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804766-8.00016-9","article-title":"Chapter 16 - Recognizing and treating atypical Parkinson disorders","volume":"167","author":"Armstrong","year":"2019"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a009621","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a009621","article-title":"Functional neuroanatomy of the basal ganglia","volume":"2","author":"Lanciego","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.2000.19640527.x","article-title":"Synaptic organisation of the basal ganglia","volume":"196","author":"Bolam","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0045","series-title":"Oxford Textbook of Movement Disorders. Neuroanatomy for the Movement Disorder Specialist","author":"Halliday","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101708","article-title":"The organization of the basal ganglia functional connectivity network is non-linear in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Rodriguez-Sabate","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130119","article-title":"Gait disorder and parkinsonian signs in patients with stroke related to small deep infarcts and white matter lesions","volume":"13","author":"van Zagten","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.04.028","article-title":"Post-stroke movement disorders: the clinical, neuroanatomic, and demographic portrait of 284 published cases","volume":"27","author":"Suri","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0065","first-page":"1757","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein alterations in red blood cells of peripheral blood after acute ischemic stroke","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.12.2183","article-title":"MRI in patients with suspected vascular parkinsonism","volume":"45","author":"Zijlmans","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15042","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.232588799","article-title":"Down-regulation of parkin protein in transient focal cerebral ischemia: A link between stroke and degenerative disease?","volume":"99","author":"Mengesdorf","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00093-6","article-title":"Alterations with aging and ischemia in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits alpha4 and beta2 messenger RNA expression in postmortem human putamen. Implications for susceptibility to parkinsonism","volume":"791","author":"Tohgi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2006.05.026","article-title":"Vascular parkinsonism \u2014 an update","volume":"248","author":"Rektor","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-003-0676-3","article-title":"Prevalence of cerebrovascular lesions in Parkinson\u2019s disease. A postmortem study","volume":"105","author":"Jellinger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10199","article-title":"Prevalence of stroke in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A postmortem study","volume":"17","author":"Mastaglia","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"7 Supplement","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0100","article-title":"The Prevalence of Stroke in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Is High: A Risk Factor Assessment (PD7.003)","volume":"80","author":"Garcia-Gracia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20608","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease, stroke, and related epidemiology","volume":"20","author":"Nataraj","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcz015","article-title":"Stroke in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"112","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qjm."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.103549","article-title":"Risk factor profile of cerebral small vessel disease and its subtypes","volume":"78","author":"Khan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2632","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for cerebral white matter change in a middle-aged and older general population","volume":"36","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14183","article-title":"Monogenic cerebral small-vessel diseases: diagnosis and therapy. Consensus recommendations of the European Academy of Neurology","volume":"27","author":"Mancuso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2009.136","article-title":"Parkinson disease and comorbid cerebrovascular disease","volume":"5","author":"Nanhoe-Mahabier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25112","article-title":"Small-vessel disease in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a clinicopathological study","volume":"27","author":"Schwartz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.117481","article-title":"White matter hyperintensities in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"426","author":"Butt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S163493","article-title":"Prevalent cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2012.00628.x","article-title":"Vascular degeneration in parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"23","author":"Guan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000217384.03237.9c","article-title":"Reduced risk factors for vascular disorders in parkinson disease patients","volume":"37","author":"Scigliano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.022","article-title":"Exercise and carotid atherosclerosis","volume":"35","author":"Kadoglou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200101)16:1<119::AID-MDS1024>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Stroke and idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease: does a shortage of dopamine offer protection against stroke?","volume":"16","author":"Korten","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"9173","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)01660-8","article-title":"Nigral endothelial dysfunction, homocysteine, and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"354","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.1.59","article-title":"Elevated plasma homocysteine levels in patients treated with levodopa: association with vascular disease","volume":"60","author":"Rogers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20261","article-title":"Effects of levodopa and COMT inhibitors on plasma homocysteine in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients","volume":"20","author":"Lamberti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2005.01.007","article-title":"Reduced plasma homocysteine levels in levodopa\/entacapone treated Parkinson patients","volume":"11","author":"Valkovic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26698","article-title":"Vascular disease and vascular risk factors in relation to motor features and cognition in early Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"31","author":"Malek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51279","article-title":"Increased atrial fibrillation risk in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A nationwide population-based study","volume":"8","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.044948","article-title":"Association of parkinson disease with risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality","volume":"141","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.1.98","article-title":"Clinical correlates of vascular parkinsonism","volume":"56","author":"Winikates","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23687","article-title":"Meta-analysis of early nonmotor features and risk factors for Parkinson disease","volume":"72","author":"Noyce","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009437","article-title":"Tobacco smoking and the risk of Parkinson disease: A 65-year follow-up of 30,000 male British doctors","volume":"94","author":"Mappin-Kasirer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003902","article-title":"Probable REM sleep behavior disorder and risk of stroke: A prospective study","volume":"88","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.732","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors and Parkinson\u2019s disease in 500,000 Chinese adults","volume":"6","author":"Kizza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Trans. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25564","article-title":"Associations between cerebrovascular risk factors and parkinson disease","volume":"86","author":"Kummer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2009.06.005","article-title":"Risk of stroke in patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease","volume":"16","author":"Becker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8838-3","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between motor impairment, vascular burden and cognition in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"265","author":"Stojkovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2003.00748.x","article-title":"The effect of vascular disease on late onset Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Papapetropoulos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.01.016","article-title":"Diabetes is associated with postural instability and gait difficulty in Parkinson disease","volume":"19","author":"Kotagal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"Pt 8","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr139","article-title":"Leucoaraiosis, nigrostriatal denervation and motor symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"134","author":"Bohnen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.07.019","article-title":"White matter hyperintensities as a predictor of freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"66","author":"Chung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-015-1470-9","article-title":"The contribution of white matter lesions to Parkinson\u2019s disease motor and gait symptoms: a critical review of the literature","volume":"123","author":"Vesel\u00fd","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm. (Vienna)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26698","article-title":"Vascular disease and vascular risk factors in relation to motor features and cognition in early Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"31","author":"Malek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682776","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.682776","article-title":"Total cerebral small vessel score association with hoehn and yahr stage in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"13","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3617","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04452-z","article-title":"Effect of small vessel disease burden and lacunes on gait\/posture impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200011)15:6<1139::AID-MDS1012>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Dilated perivascular spaces in the putamen and pallidum in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease scheduled for pallidotomy: a comparison between MRI findings and clinical symptoms and signs","volume":"15","author":"Laitinen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011797","article-title":"Perivascular spaces in the basal ganglia and long-term motor prognosis in newly diagnosed parkinson disease","volume":"96","author":"Chung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.10.029","article-title":"Impact of small vessel disease on severity of motor and cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"58","author":"Schwartz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10189-8","article-title":"Vascular risk factors, white matter lesions and cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease: the PACOS longitudinal study","volume":"268","author":"Nicoletti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.02.018","article-title":"Cerebral microbleeds and risk of incident dementia: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"54","author":"Romero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.13006","article-title":"Orthostatic and supine blood pressures are associated with white matter hyperintensities in Parkinson disease","volume":"6","author":"Oh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2012.07.021","article-title":"White matter lesions and depression in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"322","author":"Petrovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.12.025","article-title":"Cerebral small vessel disease may worsen motor function, cognition, and mood in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"83","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27798","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging-visible perivascular spaces in basal ganglia predict cognitive decline in parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"34","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20704","article-title":"Visual rating of white matter hyperintensities in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Beyer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.09.019","article-title":"The contribution of white matter lesions (WML) to Parkinson\u2019s disease cognitive impairment symptoms: A critical review of the literature","volume":"22","author":"Vesel\u00fd","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13797","article-title":"Modifiable vascular risk factors, white matter disease and cognition in early Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"26","author":"Chahine","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.14802\/jmd.20029","article-title":"Emerging concepts of motor reserve in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"13","author":"Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.01.017","article-title":"Influence of white matter MRI hyper-intensities on acute l-dopa response in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"24","author":"Arena","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.50991","article-title":"White matter hyperintensities and risk of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-021-00155-0","article-title":"The role of brain perivascular space burden in early-stage Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-008-0344-8","article-title":"The progression of pathology in longitudinally followed patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"115","author":"Halliday","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25066","article-title":"Impairment of brain vessels may contribute to mortality in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"27","author":"Rektor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.58.3.293","article-title":"Survival and cause of death in a cohort of patients with parkinsonism: possible clues to aetiology?","volume":"58","author":"Ben-Shlomo","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.10.1865","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease and its comorbid disorders: an analysis of Michigan mortality data, 1970 to 1990","volume":"44","author":"Gorell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.011874","article-title":"Post-stroke movement disorders: report of 56 patients","volume":"75","author":"Alarcon","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(96)00290-0","article-title":"Hyperkinetic movement disorders during and after acute stroke: The Lausanne Stroke Registry","volume":"146","author":"Ghika-Schmid","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2011.03469.x","article-title":"A clinical profile of 103 patients with secondary movement disorders: correlation of etiology with phenomenology","volume":"19","author":"Netravathi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2006.07.014","article-title":"Moyamoya disease presenting with paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia","volume":"13","author":"Lyoo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23130","article-title":"Movement disorders associated with moyamoya disease: a report of 4 new cases and a review of literatures","volume":"25","author":"Baik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.105.1.142","article-title":"Hemichorea due to hemodynamic ischemia associated with extracranial carotid artery stenosis. Report of two cases","volume":"105","author":"Morigaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.04.013","article-title":"Age-, and gender-specific incidence of vascular parkinsonism, progressive supranuclear palsy, and parkinsonian-type multiple system atrophy in North East Scotland: the PINE study","volume":"20","author":"Caslake","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2012.00611.x","article-title":"Etiologies of Parkinsonism in a century-long autopsy-based cohort","volume":"23","author":"Horvath","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0425","first-page":"10","article-title":"Prevalence of parkinsonism and Parkinson\u2019s disease in Europe: the EUROPARKINSON Collaborative Study. European Community Concerted Action on the Epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &amp","volume":"62","author":"de Rijk","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.06.030","article-title":"Parkinsonism in a population-based study of individuals aged 75+ years: The Piet\u00e0 study","volume":"56","author":"Vale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002082","article-title":"Cerebral small vessel disease and incident parkinsonism: The RUN DMC study","volume":"85","author":"van der Holst","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2001.104002063.x","article-title":"Vascular parkinsonism: a distinct, heterogeneous clinical entity","volume":"104","author":"Demirkiran","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10219","article-title":"Anticardiolipin antibody in vascular parkinsonism","volume":"17","author":"Huang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6641-3_15","article-title":"Vascular progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"42","author":"Winikates","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm. Suppl."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.37.4.570","article-title":"Progressive supranuclear palsy and a multi-infarct state","volume":"37","author":"Dubinsky","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.10.1597","article-title":"A clinicopathological study of vascular progressive supranuclear palsy: a multi-infarct disorder presenting as progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"59","author":"Josephs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1159\/000326907","article-title":"Midbrain atrophy in vascular Parkinsonism","volume":"65","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-016-2489-x","article-title":"Magnetic resonance parkinsonism index in progressive supranuclear palsy and vascular parkinsonism","volume":"37","author":"Mostile","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1997.00550210038010","article-title":"Presymptomatic hypertension is a major feature in the diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"54","author":"Ghika","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.09.001","article-title":"Cerebrovascular pathology presenting as corticobasal syndrome: An autopsy case series of \u201cvascular CBS\u201d","volume":"68","author":"Koga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.05.018","article-title":"Cerebrovascular pathology and misdiagnosis of multiple system atrophy: An autopsy study","volume":"75","author":"Koga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.07.003","article-title":"An investigation of cerebrovascular lesions in dementia with Lewy bodies compared to Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Sarro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.5.965","article-title":"Neurological signs and frontal white matter lesions in vascular parkinsonism. A clinicopathologic study","volume":"28","author":"Yamanouchi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0811-2","article-title":"Different clinical and evolutional patterns in late idiopathic and vascular parkinsonism","volume":"252","author":"Rampello","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-302828","article-title":"The clinical features of pathologically confirmed vascular parkinsonism","volume":"83","author":"Glass","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307867","article-title":"Clinicoradiological comparison between vascular parkinsonism and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"86","author":"Vale","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1034","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2011-130051","article-title":"Vascular parkinsonism: what makes it different?","volume":"87","author":"Gupta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.178","article-title":"Neurological disorders of gait, balance and posture: a sign-based approach","volume":"14","author":"Nonnekes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.091322","article-title":"Ten steps to identify atypical parkinsonism","volume":"77","author":"Abdo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7568-4","article-title":"Ancillary investigations to diagnose parkinsonism: a prospective clinical study","volume":"262","author":"Aerts","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"9760","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60018-4","article-title":"The \u201cbicycle sign\u201d for atypical parkinsonism","volume":"377","author":"Aerts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870110505","article-title":"Quantitative gait analysis in patients with vascular parkinsonism","volume":"11","author":"Zijlmans","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09382-1","article-title":"Gait and postural disorders in parkinsonism: a clinical approach","volume":"267","author":"Raccagni","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.05.039","article-title":"Gait stride-to-stride variability and foot clearance pattern analysis in Idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Vascular Parkinsonism","volume":"92","author":"Ferreira","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870110505","article-title":"Quantitative gait analysis in patients with vascular parkinsonism","volume":"11","author":"Zijlmans","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5255-7","article-title":"Non-motor symptoms in atypical and secondary parkinsonism: the PRIAMO study","volume":"257","author":"Colosimo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.035287","article-title":"Olfactory function distinguishes vascular parkinsonism from Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"75","author":"Katzenschlager","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.02.005","article-title":"Characterization of gastrointestinal disorders in patients with parkinsonian syndromes","volume":"21","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0575","first-page":"475854","article-title":"Orthostatic hypotension in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease and atypical parkinsonism","volume":"2014","author":"Fereshtehnejad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parkinsons Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-014-1198-y","article-title":"Nocturnal manifestations of atypical and vascular parkinsonism: How do they differ from Parkinson\u2019s disease?","volume":"121","author":"Bhidayasiri","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22303","article-title":"Poststroke restless legs syndrome and lesion location: anatomical considerations","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181bd137c","article-title":"Sleep-related breathing and sleep-wake disturbances in ischemic stroke","volume":"73","author":"Hermann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.05.003","article-title":"Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and the link to alpha-synucleinopathies","volume":"129","author":"Barone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2014.07.046","article-title":"Clinical features and neuropsychological profile in vascular parkinsonism","volume":"345","author":"Ben\u00edtez-Rivero","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22893","article-title":"Differential neuropsychological profiles in Parkinsonian patients with or without vascular lesions","volume":"25","author":"Santangelo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2014.07.046","article-title":"Clinical features and neuropsychological profile in vascular parkinsonism","volume":"345","author":"Ben\u00edtez-Rivero","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.124677","article-title":"Using the presence of visual hallucinations to differentiate Parkinson\u2019s disease from atypical parkinsonism","volume":"79","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2017.12.030","article-title":"An updated diagnostic approach to subtype definition of vascular parkinsonism - Recommendations from an expert working group","volume":"49","author":"Rektor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-004-0421-4","article-title":"Vascular parkinsonism","volume":"251","author":"Sibon","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-007-0529-4","article-title":"Vascular parkinsonism in a CADASIL case with an intact nigrostriatal dopaminergic system","volume":"254","author":"Wegner","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(02)00146-3","article-title":"Progressive supranuclear palsy phenotype secondary to CADASIL","volume":"9","author":"Van Gerpen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22937","article-title":"Differentiating vascular parkinsonism from idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Kalra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000206445.97511.ae","article-title":"Postmortem examination of vascular lesions in cognitive impairment: a survey among neuropathological services","volume":"37","author":"Pantoni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70104-6","article-title":"Cerebral small vessel disease: from pathogenesis and clinical characteristics to therapeutic challenges","volume":"9","author":"Pantoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"9374","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13616-1","article-title":"Progression of cerebral white matter lesions: 6-year results of the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study","volume":"361","author":"Schmidt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.498535","article-title":"Progression of white matter hyperintensities and incidence of new lacunes over a 3-year period","volume":"39","author":"Gouw","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00430","article-title":"High blood pressure and cerebral white matter lesion progression in the general population","volume":"61","author":"Verhaaren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hypertension."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2015.17.1.2","article-title":"Lacunar Infarction and Small Vessel Disease: Pathology and Pathophysiology","volume":"17","author":"Caplan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Stroke"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.114.001140","article-title":"What are white matter hyperintensities made of? Relevance to vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"4","author":"Wardlaw","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.07.030","article-title":"The neurovascular unit coming of age: a journey through neurovascular coupling in health and disease","volume":"96","author":"Iadecola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.57.2.4","article-title":"The blood-brain barrier\/neurovascular unit in health and disease","volume":"57","author":"Hawkins","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003556","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier leakage is more widespread in patients with cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"88","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70060-7","article-title":"Mechanisms of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease: insights from neuroimaging","volume":"12","author":"Wardlaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000841","article-title":"Cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"26","author":"Rost","year":"2020","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689718795148","article-title":"Cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70124-8","article-title":"Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration","volume":"12","author":"Wardlaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2016-000035","article-title":"Update on cerebral small vessel disease: a dynamic whole-brain disease","volume":"1","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0851-x","article-title":"Heterogeneity in age-related white matter changes","volume":"122","author":"Schmidt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000266562.54684.bf","article-title":"Significant association between leukoaraiosis and metabolic syndrome in healthy subjects","volume":"69","author":"Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c3666","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c3666","article-title":"The clinical importance of white matter hyperintensities on brain magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"341","author":"Debette","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000319691.50117.54","article-title":"Neuropathologic correlates of white matter hyperintensities","volume":"71","author":"Young","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2020.00017","article-title":"Perivascular unit: this must be the place. the anatomical crossroad between the immune, vascular and nervous system","volume":"14","author":"Troili","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Neuroanat."},{"issue":"147","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147ra11","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003748","article-title":"A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid \u03b2","volume":"4","author":"Iliff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00852.2019","article-title":"The glymphatic system and its role in cerebral homeostasis","volume":"129","author":"Benveniste","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2019.116621","article-title":"Development and validation of a rating scale for perivascular spaces on 3T MRI","volume":"409","author":"Paradise","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12009","article-title":"Can Isolated enlarged virchow-robin spaces influence the clinical manifestations of Parkinson\u2019s Disease?","volume":"1","author":"Mestre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25474","article-title":"Dilated Virchow-Robin spaces and parkinsonism","volume":"28","author":"Mehta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25474","article-title":"Dilated Virchow\u2013Robin spaces and parkinsonism","volume":"28","author":"Mehta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12584","article-title":"Characterization of cerebral microbleeds in idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-314697","article-title":"The increasing impact of cerebral amyloid angiopathy: essential new insights for clinical practice","volume":"88","author":"Banerjee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.11.1626","article-title":"Hippocampal and cortical atrophy predict dementia in subcortical ischemic vascular disease","volume":"55","author":"Fein","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-012-2677-x","article-title":"Brain atrophy associations with white matter lesions in the ageing brain: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936","volume":"23","author":"Aribisala","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182749f02","article-title":"Cerebral small-vessel disease and progression of brain atrophy: the SMART-MR study","volume":"79","author":"Kloppenborg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000050748","article-title":"Symptomatic characteristics of parkinsonism and the width of substantia nigra pars compacta on MRI according to ischemic changes in the putamen and cerebral white matter: implications for the diagnosis of vascular parkinsonism","volume":"46","author":"Tohgi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8561-5","article-title":"Menjot de Champfleur S, et al. MRI volumetric morphometry in vascular parkinsonism","volume":"264","author":"Dunet","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-2812-1","article-title":"MRI measurements of brainstem structures in patients with vascular parkinsonism, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.08.016","article-title":"Diffusion tensor image segmentation of the cerebrum provides a single measure of cerebral small vessel disease severity related to cognitive change","volume":"16","author":"Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.02.046","article-title":"Microstructural changes of normal-appearing white matter in Vascular Parkinsonism","volume":"63","author":"Salsone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2014.07.012","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging differentiates vascular parkinsonism from parkinsonian syndromes of degenerative origin in elderly subjects","volume":"83","author":"Deverdun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Radiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2012.633","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging of vascular parkinsonism: structural changes in cerebral white matter and the association with clinical severity","volume":"69","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26932","article-title":"Meta-analysis of dorsolateral nigral hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging as a marker for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"32","author":"Mahlknecht","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12590","article-title":"Nigrosome Imaging and Neuromelanin Sensitive MRI in Diagnostic Evaluation of Parkinsonism","volume":"5","author":"Pavese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13628","article-title":"Neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging features of the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus in de novo Parkinson\u2019s disease and its phenotypes","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26584","article-title":"Loss of Nigral Hyperintensity on 3 Tesla MRI of Parkinsonism: Comparison With 123I-FP-CIT SPECT","volume":"31","author":"Bae","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10592","article-title":"Role of dopamine transporter imaging in routine clinical practice","volume":"18","author":"Marshall","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00015.x","article-title":"Secondary Parkinsonism due to focal substantia nigra lesions: a PET study with [18F]FDG and [18F]Fluorodopa","volume":"93","author":"Boecker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21479","article-title":"[123I] FP-CIT spect study in vascular parkinsonism and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"22","author":"Zijlmans","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2012.03.017","article-title":"The relationship between cerebral vascular disease and parkinsonism: The VADO study","volume":"18","author":"Antonini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0875","first-page":"1688","article-title":"123I-FP-CIT SPECT imaging of dopamine transporters in patients with cerebrovascular disease and clinical diagnosis of vascular parkinsonism","volume":"45","author":"Lorberboym","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0880","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(10)90010-X","article-title":"Transcranial sonography in the discrimination of Parkinson\u2019s disease versus vascular parkinsonism","volume":"90","author":"Venegas-Francke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70014-X","article-title":"\u03b1-Synuclein and tau concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of patients presenting with parkinsonism: a cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Mollenhauer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23670","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid Tau\/\u03b1-synuclein ratio in Parkinson\u2019s disease and degenerative dementias","volume":"26","author":"Parnetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-7126-5","article-title":"Levels of HVA, 5-HIAA, and MHPG in the CSF of vascular parkinsonism compared to Parkinson\u2019s disease and controls","volume":"260","author":"Herbert","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2012.1654","article-title":"Accuracy of a panel of 5 cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in the differential diagnosis of patients with dementia and\/or parkinsonian disorders","volume":"69","author":"Hall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-309562","article-title":"A panel of nine cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers may identify patients with atypical parkinsonian syndromes","volume":"86","author":"Magdalinou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02808.x","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of white matter lesions - cross-sectional results from the LADIS study","volume":"17","author":"Jonsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1159\/000366119","article-title":"Cerebrovascular biomarker profile is related to white matter disease and ventricular dilation in a LADIS substudy","volume":"4","author":"Bjerke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dementia Geriatric Cognitive Disord. Extra"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27037","article-title":"Aging and Parkinson\u2019s disease: Different sides of the same coin?","volume":"32","author":"Collier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21085","article-title":"Relation of cerebral small-vessel disease and brain atrophy to mild Parkinsonism in the elderly","volume":"21","author":"Reitz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7442-4","article-title":"The evolution of mild parkinsonian signs in aging","volume":"261","author":"Mahoney","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.03.022","article-title":"Frailty consensus: a call to action","volume":"14","author":"Morley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-191604","article-title":"Frailty in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Parkinsons Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1159\/000492572","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of sarcopenia and frailty in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: a cross-sectional Study","volume":"65","author":"Peball","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gerontology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.06.020","article-title":"Altered body composition, sarcopenia, frailty, and their clinico-biological correlates, in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"56","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0955","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2018.201","article-title":"The Clinical Frailty Scale predicts inpatient mortality in older hospitalised patients with idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"48","author":"Torsney","year":"2018","journal-title":"J R Coll Physicians Edinb."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0960","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glaa191","article-title":"Frailty and prodromal Parkinson\u2019s disease: Results from the HELIAD study","volume":"76","author":"Ntanasi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0965","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-007-0778-5","article-title":"Gait and posture impairment, parkinsonism and cognitive decline in older people","volume":"114","author":"Camicioli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0970","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11343","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47731-2","article-title":"The association between frailty and MRI features of cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"9","author":"Kant","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0975","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2018.06.032","article-title":"The association between brain volume, cortical brain infarcts, and physical frailty","volume":"70","author":"Kant","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0980","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.106.480004","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome and stroke","volume":"38","author":"Arenillas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001177","article-title":"Clinical management of cerebral small vessel disease: a call for a holistic approach","volume":"134","author":"Clancy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.05.013","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome contributes to cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"55","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb0995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.7.1051","article-title":"Midlife adiposity and the future risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"59","author":"Abbott","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R88","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-18-0030","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric and metabolic aspects of dopaminergic therapy: perspectives from an endocrinologist and a psychiatrist","volume":"7","author":"Athanasoulia-Kaspar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Endocr. Connect."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb1005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-20-0554","article-title":"Association between hyperthyroidism and risk of incident in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr. Connect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.04.001","article-title":"Risk of Parkinson\u2019s disease in patients with hypothyroidism: A nationwide population-based cohort study","volume":"74","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb1015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.018309","article-title":"The L-dopa response in vascular parkinsonism","volume":"75","author":"Zijlmans","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb1020","article-title":"Gait analysis as a complementary tool in the levodopa dose decision in Vascular Parkinson\u2019s Disease","author":"Gago","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb1025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e94","DOI":"10.1111\/ajag.12705","article-title":"Functional outcomes of an integrated Parkinson\u2019s Disease Wellbeing Program","volume":"39","author":"Horne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust. J. Ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb1030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-191762","article-title":"Delayed clinical manifestation of Parkinson\u2019s Disease among physically active: do participants in a long-distance ski race have a motor reserve?","volume":"10","author":"Olsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb1035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.104671","article-title":"Modifiable risk and protective factors in disease development, progression and clinical subtypes of Parkinson\u2019s disease: What do prospective studies suggest?","volume":"134","author":"Belvisi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb1040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232473","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/232473","article-title":"Effects of a flexibility and relaxation programme, walking, and nordic walking on Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"2011","author":"Reuter","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Aging Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb1045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.501163","article-title":"Effects of blood pressure lowering on cerebral white matter hyperintensities in patients with stroke: the PROGRESS (Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study) Magnetic Resonance Imaging Substudy","volume":"112","author":"Dufouil","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb1050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-313642","article-title":"Statins are underused in recent-onset Parkinson\u2019s disease with increased vascular risk: findings from the UK Tracking Parkinson\u2019s and Oxford Parkinson\u2019s Disease Centre (OPDC) discovery cohorts","volume":"87","author":"Swallow","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb1055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e78100","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078100","article-title":"Vitamin B12 and progression of white matter lesions. A 2-year follow-up study in first-ever lacunar stroke patients","volume":"8","author":"van Overbeek","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb1060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.523431","article-title":"Periventricular white matter lucencies relate to low vitamin B12 levels in patients with small vessel stroke","volume":"40","author":"Pieters","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb1065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2008.04.036","article-title":"Sympathetic modulation by levodopa reduces vascular risk factors in Parkinson disease","volume":"15","author":"Scigliano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb1070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1159\/000117344","article-title":"Hypotensive effect of long-term levodopa in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Iwasaki","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb1075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-018-0529-8","article-title":"Consensus statement on the definition of neurogenic supine hypertension in cardiovascular autonomic failure by the American Autonomic Society (AAS) and the European Federation of Autonomic Societies (EFAS)","volume":"28","author":"Fanciulli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Auton. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb1080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011526","article-title":"Association of bone mineral density to cerebral small vessel disease burden","volume":"96","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb1085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurger.2011.04.002","article-title":"Small-vessel disease: The predominant cerebrovascular subtype in patients with traumatic neck of femur fracture","volume":"2","author":"Schwartz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Geriatric Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011_bb1090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S43811","article-title":"Vitamin D reduces falls and hip fractures in vascular Parkinsonism but not in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Sato","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ther. Clin. Risk Manag."}],"container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X21027076?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X21027076?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T15:59:18Z","timestamp":1758383958000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022510X21027076"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":218,"alternative-id":["S0022510X21027076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-510X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-510X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Parkinsonism and cerebrovascular disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120011"}}