{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:27:47Z","timestamp":1784309267547,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jns-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T11:33:29Z","timestamp":1639222409000},"page":"120088","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light predicts the rate of executive function decline in younger-onset dementia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"432","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Walia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Eratne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.M.","family":"Loi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Q.-X.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Varghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.B.","family":"Malpas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Walterfang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.H.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.J.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.L.","family":"Masters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Velakoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.13099","article-title":"Young onset dementia","volume":"46","author":"Draper","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intern. Med. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.10m06382oli","article-title":"The diagnostic challenge of psychiatric symptoms in neurodegenerative disease: rates of and risk factors for prior psychiatric diagnosis in patients with early neurodegenerative disease","volume":"72","author":"Woolley","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0015","article-title":"Time to diagnosis in younger-onset dementia and the impact of a specialist diagnostic service","volume":"1-9","author":"Loi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Psychogeriatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867419857811","article-title":"A pilot study of the utility of cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain in differentiating neurodegenerative from psychiatric disorders: A \u2018C-reactive protein\u2019 for psychiatrists and neurologists?","volume":"54","author":"Eratne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust. N Z J Psychiatr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867419893431","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain is elevated in Niemann-Pick type C compared to psychiatric disorders and healthy controls and may be a marker of treatment response","volume":"54","author":"Eratne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust. New Zealand J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0058-z","article-title":"Neurofilaments as biomarkers in neurological disorders","volume":"14","author":"Khalil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2017.05.010","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of CSF neurofilament light chain protein in the biomarker-guided classification system for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"108","author":"Lista","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.107326","article-title":"CSF neurofilament proteins in the differential diagnosis of dementia","volume":"78","author":"de Jong","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2005.03.015","article-title":"Neurofilament phosphoforms: surrogate markers for axonal injury, degeneration and loss","volume":"233","author":"Petzold","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.1242","article-title":"Neurofilament protein in cerebrospinal fluid: a marker of white matter changes","volume":"66","author":"Sjogren","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-011-0553-8","article-title":"Hyperacute detection of Neurofilament heavy chain in serum following stroke: a transient sign","volume":"36","author":"Sellner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099870","article-title":"Neurological assessment and its relationship to CSF biomarkers in amateur boxers","volume":"9","author":"Neselius","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001642","article-title":"Neurofilament light chain: a prognostic biomarker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"84","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.3037","article-title":"Association of cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light concentration with Alzheimer disease progression","volume":"73","author":"Zetterberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201606540","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid tau, neurogranin, and neurofilament light in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Mattsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0080","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light concentration predicts brain atrophy and cognition in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"12","author":"Dhiman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (Amst)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.3746","article-title":"Association of cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light protein levels with cognition in patients with dementia, motor neuron disease, and movement disorders","volume":"76","author":"Olsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011848","article-title":"Plasma neurofilament light for prediction of disease progression in familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration","volume":"96","author":"Rojas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709005492","article-title":"Most rapid cognitive decline in APOE epsilon4 negative Alzheimer\u2019s disease with early onset","volume":"39","author":"van der Vlies","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"6422","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6422.961","article-title":"Neurochemical characteristics of early and late onset types of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"288","author":"Rossor","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2990.2002.00385.x","article-title":"Synapse loss is greater in presenile than senile onset Alzheimer disease: implications for the cognitive reserve hypothesis","volume":"28","author":"Bigio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.3.326","article-title":"Clinicopathologic studies in cognitively healthy aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: relation of histologic markers to dementia severity, age, sex, and apolipoprotein E genotype","volume":"55","author":"Berg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"issue":"Pt 9","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2716","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv181","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid tau and amyloid-\u03b21-42 in patients with dementia","volume":"138","author":"Skillb\u00e4ck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5424","article-title":"A 10 year retrospective cohort study of inpatients with younger-onset dementia","volume":"36","author":"Loi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","article-title":"NIA-AA research framework: toward a biological definition of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Jack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-019-1174-3","article-title":"Prevalence of dementia diagnoses not otherwise specified in eight European countries: a cross-sectional cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Lethin","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"issue":"Pt 9","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr179","article-title":"Sensitivity of revised diagnostic criteria for the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia","volume":"134","author":"Rascovsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0140","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders : DSM-5. Arlington VAPA","author":"American Psychiatric Association. & American Psychiatric Association. DSM-5 Task Force","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0145","series-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\u202f: DSM-IV","author":"American Psychiatric Association. & American Psychiatric Association. Task Force on DSM-IV","year":"1994"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004058","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: fourth consensus report of the DLB consortium","volume":"89","author":"McKeith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170128","article-title":"Concordance between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers with Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology between three independent assay platforms","volume":"61","author":"Doecke","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"issue":"11\u221212","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2006.01923.x","article-title":"The NUCOG: validity and reliability of a brief cognitive screening tool in neuropsychiatric patients","volume":"40","author":"Walterfang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aust. New Zealand J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.10.1960","article-title":"Cytoskeleton proteins in CSF distinguish frontotemporal dementia from AD","volume":"54","author":"Sj\u00f6gren","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-101422","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and memory present distinct associations along the continuum from healthy subjects to AD patients","volume":"23","author":"Rami","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/alzrt144","article-title":"Longitudinal neuroimaging and neuropsychological profiles of frontotemporal dementia with C9ORF72 expansions","volume":"4","author":"Mahoney","year":"2012","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.06.030","article-title":"Neurofilament light: a dynamic cross-disease fluid biomarker for neurodegeneration","volume":"91","author":"Zetterberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.643","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers predict frontotemporal dementia trajectory","volume":"5","author":"Ljubenkov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0195","first-page":"P522","article-title":"CSF biomarkers predict longitudinal decline in memory and executive functioning in patients with subjective complaints","volume":"9","author":"van Harten","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f39a78","article-title":"CSF amyloid {beta} 1\u201342 predicts cognitive decline in Parkinson disease","volume":"75","author":"Siderowf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.09.009","article-title":"Recommendations for cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarkers in the diagnostic evaluation of mild cognitive impairment","volume":"13","author":"Herukka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.11.1622","article-title":"Tau and Abeta42 protein in CSF of patients with frontotemporal degeneration","volume":"58","author":"Riemenschneider","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0215","first-page":"14","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the neuropsychiatry unit cognitive assessment tool (NUCOG) in patients with dementia","volume":"16","author":"Barekatain","year":"2010","journal-title":"Iran. J. Psychiatr. Clin. Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2013.09.020","article-title":"Validation of the Chinese version of the NUCOG cognitive screening tool in patients with epilepsy, dementia and other neurological disorders","volume":"21","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0225","series-title":"Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Adults with Spinal Cord Injury with the Neuropsychiatry Unit Cognitive Assessment Tool (NUCOG)","author":"Craig","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-016-0702-8","article-title":"Confidence intervals for correlations when data are not normal","volume":"49","author":"Bishara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X21027908?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X21027908?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T15:58:32Z","timestamp":1758383912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022510X21027908"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0022510X21027908"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-510X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-510X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light predicts the rate of executive function decline in younger-onset dementia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120088","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120088"}}