{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:57:56Z","timestamp":1786993076441,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]],"date-time":"2023-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674950400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":334,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jns-journal.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]],"date-time":"2022-01-22T01:45:16Z","timestamp":1642815916000},"page":"120154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Head tremor in cervical dystonia: Quantifying severity with computer vision"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"434","author":[{"given":"Jeanne P.","family":"Vu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Cisneros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ha Yeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linh","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan A.","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryin","family":"Rouzbehani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Jankovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stewart","family":"Factor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Goetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Barbano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel S.","family":"Perlmutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyder A.","family":"Jinnah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Pirio Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn T.","family":"Stebbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodger","family":"Elble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia L.","family":"Comella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100052240","article-title":"Head tremor in cervical dystonia","volume":"27","author":"Pal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can. J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2008000600005","article-title":"Head tremor in patients with cervical dystonia: different outcome?","volume":"66","author":"Godeiro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arq. Neuropsiquiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870060206","article-title":"Idiopathic cervical dystonia: clinical characteristics","volume":"6","author":"Chan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0020","article-title":"Postural directionality and head tremor in cervical dystonia","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet. Mov. (N. Y)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0025","article-title":"Dystonia & tremor: A cross-sectional study of the dystonia coalition cohort","volume":"96","author":"Shaikh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09341-w","article-title":"Head tremor at disease onset: an ataxic phenotype of cervical dystonia","volume":"266","author":"Merola","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303782","article-title":"Tremor in primary adult-onset dystonia: prevalence and associated clinical features","volume":"84","author":"Defazio","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305532","article-title":"The treatment of dystonic tremor: A systematic review","volume":"85","author":"Fasano","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.36.7.1001","article-title":"Disability in essential tremor: effect of treatment","volume":"36","author":"Koller","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22622","article-title":"Effect of cervical dystonia on employment: A retrospective analysis of the ability of treatment to restore premorbid employment status","volume":"24","author":"Molho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2008.09.023","article-title":"Quality of life in patients with focal dystonia","volume":"111","author":"Pekmezovic","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92070-2","article-title":"Double-blind study of botulinum toxin in spasmodic torticollis","volume":"2","author":"Tsui","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25475","article-title":"Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: A consensus update","volume":"28","author":"Albanese","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0070","series-title":"The Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS): Assessment of Validity and Inter-Rater Reliability","first-page":"40","author":"Consky","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25579","article-title":"Dystonia rating scales: critique and recommendations","volume":"28","author":"Albanese","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26534","article-title":"Clinimetric testing of the comprehensive cervical dystonia rating scale","volume":"31","author":"Comella","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0085","article-title":"Reliability of the severity subscale of the revised Toronto spasmodic torticollis rating scale (TWSTRS-2) (S15.001)","volume":"84","author":"Comella","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(199911)14:6<994::AID-MDS1013>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Trick maneuvers in cervical dystonia: investigation of movement- and touch-related changes in polymyographic activity","volume":"14","author":"Wissel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-008-1033-z","article-title":"Motion analysis in cervical dystonia","volume":"29","author":"Boccagni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26231","article-title":"Oscillatory head movements in cervical dystonia: dystonia, tremor, or both?","volume":"30","author":"Shaikh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12379","article-title":"Assessment of head tremor with accelerometers versus gyroscopic transducers","volume":"4","author":"Elble","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov. Disord. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0110","article-title":"Soft material-enabled, active wireless, thin-film bioelectronics for quantitative diagnostics of cervical dystonia","volume":"4","author":"Kwon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25628","article-title":"Quantitative wearable sensors for objective assessment of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"28","author":"Maetzler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0120","article-title":"Quantifying tremor in essential tremor using inertial sensors - validation of an algorithm","volume":"9","author":"Mcgurrin","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE J. Transl. Eng. Heal. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.660909","article-title":"The dystonia coalition: A multicenter network for clinical and translational studies","volume":"12","author":"Kilic-Berkmen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.01.011","article-title":"Secured web-based video repository for multicenter studies","volume":"21","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0135","first-page":"181","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of bidirectional torticollis","volume":"5","author":"Truong","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7343-6","article-title":"Cervical dystonia and pain: characteristics and treatment patterns from CD PROBE (cervical dystonia patient registry for observation of OnabotulinumtoxinA efficacy)","volume":"261","author":"Charles","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0145","author":"ELAN"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0150","series-title":"Proc. - 13th IEEE Int. Conf. Autom. Face Gesture Recognition, FG 2018","first-page":"59","article-title":"OpenFace 2.0: Facial behavior analysis toolkit","author":"Baltrusaitis","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0155","series-title":"Convolutional Experts Constrained Local Model for Facial Landmark Detection, Proc. - 2017 IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Vis. Work. ICCVW 2017","first-page":"2519","author":"Zadeh","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0160","first-page":"2610","article-title":"3D constrained local model for rigid and non-rigid facial tracking","author":"Baltrusaitis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE Comput. Soc. Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recogn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.07.024","article-title":"Relationship between jerky and sinusoidal oscillations in cervical dystonia","volume":"66","author":"Beylergil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870080107","article-title":"Quantitative measurement of cervical range of motion in patients with torticollis treated with botulinum A toxin","volume":"8","author":"Dykstra","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200009)15:5<960::AID-MDS1029>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Quantification of sensory trick impact on tremor amplitude and frequency in 60 patients with head tremor","volume":"15","author":"Masuhr","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)31090-9","article-title":"The varied clinical expressions of dystonia","volume":"2","author":"Fahn","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0185","series-title":"Keeping Your Head On Target","author":"Shaikh","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.11.002","article-title":"Head tremor in essential tremor: \u201cyes-yes\u201d, \u201cno-no\u201d, or \u201cround and round\u201d?","volume":"22","author":"Robakis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120415","article-title":"Neurophysiological investigations in patients with head tremor","volume":"12","author":"Valls-Sol\u00e9","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.08.028","article-title":"How long does it take to diagnose cervical dystonia?","volume":"335","author":"Tiderington","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2019.04.016","article-title":"Computer vision of smartphone video has potential to detect functional tremor","volume":"401","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10378-5","article-title":"Head tremor and pain in cervical dystonia","volume":"268","author":"Vu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.315","article-title":"Dystonia and tremor: the clinical syndromes with isolated tremor","volume":"6","author":"Albanese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet. Mov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001341","article-title":"Is tremor in dystonia a phenotypic feature of dystonia?","volume":"84","author":"Defazio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.194409","article-title":"Approach to a tremor patient","volume":"19","author":"Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Indian Acad. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-020-01119-5","article-title":"Pallidal activity in cervical dystonia with and without head tremor","volume":"19","author":"Sedov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cerebellum."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2019.07.031","article-title":"Minimal clinically important change in patients with cervical dystonia: results from the CD PROBE study","volume":"405","author":"Dashtipour","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of the Neurological Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X22000132?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022510X22000132?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T16:02:00Z","timestamp":1758384120000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022510X22000132"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0022510X22000132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-510X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-510X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Head tremor in cervical dystonia: Quantifying severity with computer vision","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120154","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"120154"}}